Subtitle E - Reserve Components

TITLE 10 - US CODE - PART I - ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1001 - DEFINITIONS

10 USC 10001 - Definition of State

In this subtitle, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1003 - RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY

10 USC 10101 - Reserve components named

The reserve components of the armed forces are:
(1) The Army National Guard of the United States.
(2) The Army Reserve.
(3) The Navy Reserve.
(4) The Marine Corps Reserve.
(5) The Air National Guard of the United States.
(6) The Air Force Reserve.
(7) The Coast Guard Reserve.

10 USC 10102 - Purpose of reserve components

The purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components.

10 USC 10103 - Basic policy for order into Federal service

Whenever Congress determines that more units and organizations are needed for the national security than are in the regular components of the ground and air forces, the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States, or such parts of them as are needed, together with units of other reserve components necessary for a balanced force, shall be ordered to active duty and retained as long as so needed.

10 USC 10104 - Army Reserve: composition

The Army Reserve includes all Reserves of the Army who are not members of the Army National Guard of the United States.

10 USC 10105 - Army National Guard of the United States: composition

The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Army that consists of
(1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Army National Guard; and
(2) members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of the Army.

10 USC 10106 - Army National Guard: when a component of the Army

The Army National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Army.

10 USC 10107 - Army National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service

When not on active duty, members of the Army National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Army National Guard.

10 USC 10108 - Navy Reserve: administration

(a) The Navy Reserve is the reserve component of the Navy. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations.
(b) The bureaus and offices of the executive part of the Department of the Navy have the same relation and responsibility to the Navy Reserve as they do to the Regular Navy.

10 USC 10109 - Marine Corps Reserve: administration

(a) The Marine Corps Reserve is the reserve component of the Marine Corps. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
(b) The departments and offices of Headquarters, Marine Corps have the same relation and responsibilities to the Marine Corps Reserve as they do to the Regular Marine Corps.

10 USC 10110 - Air Force Reserve: composition

The Air Force Reserve is a reserve component of the Air Force to provide a reserve for active duty. It consists of the members of the officers section of the Air Force Reserve and of the enlisted section of the Air Force Reserve. It includes all Reserves of the Air Force who are not members of the Air National Guard of the United States.

10 USC 10111 - Air National Guard of the United States: composition

The Air National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Air Force that consists of
(1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Air National Guard; and
(2) members of the Air National Guard who are also Reserves of the Air Force.

10 USC 10112 - Air National Guard: when a component of the Air Force

The Air National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Air Force.

10 USC 10113 - Air National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service

When not on active duty, members of the Air National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Air National Guard.

10 USC 10114 - Coast Guard Reserve

As provided in section 701 of title 14, the Coast Guard Reserve is a component of the Coast Guard and is organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Coast Guard. Laws applicable to the Coast Guard Reserve are set forth in chapter 21 of title 14 (14 U.S.C. 701 et seq.).

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1005 - ELEMENTS OF RESERVE COMPONENTS

10 USC 10141 - Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve; Retired Reserve: placement and status of members; training categories

(a) There are in each armed force a Ready Reserve, a Standby Reserve, and a Retired Reserve. Each Reserve shall be placed in one of those categories.
(b) Reserves who are on the inactive status list of a reserve component, or who are assigned to the inactive Army National Guard or the inactive Air National Guard, are in an inactive status. Members in the Retired Reserve are in a retired status. All other Reserves are in an active status.
(c) As prescribed by the Secretary concerned, each reserve component except the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States shall be divided into training categories according to the degrees of training, including the number and duration of drills or equivalent duties to be completed in stated periods. The designation of training categories shall be the same for all armed forces and the same within the Ready Reserve and the Standby Reserve.

10 USC 10142 - Ready Reserve

(a) The Ready Reserve consists of units or Reserves, or both, liable for active duty as provided in sections 12301 and 12302 of this title.
(b) The authorized strength of the Ready Reserve is 2,900,000.

10 USC 10143 - Ready Reserve: Selected Reserve

(a) Within the Ready Reserve of each of the reserve components there is a Selected Reserve. The Selected Reserve consists of units, and, as designated by the Secretary concerned, of Reserves, trained as prescribed in section 10147 (a)(1) of this title or section 502 (a) of title 32, as appropriate.
(b) The organization and unit structure of the Selected Reserve shall be approved
(1) in the case of all reserve components other than the Coast Guard Reserve, by the Secretary of Defense based upon recommendations from the military departments as approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in accordance with contingency and war plans; and
(2) in the case of the Coast Guard Reserve, by the Secretary of Homeland Security upon the recommendation of the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

10 USC 10144 - Ready Reserve: Individual Ready Reserve

(a) Within the Ready Reserve of each of the reserve components there is an Individual Ready Reserve. The Individual Ready Reserve consists of those members of the Ready Reserve who are not in the Selected Reserve or the inactive National Guard.
(b) 
(1) Within the Individual Ready Reserve of each reserve component there is a category of members, as designated by the Secretary concerned, who are subject to being ordered to active duty involuntarily in accordance with section 12304 of this title. A member may not be placed in that mobilization category unless
(A) the member volunteers for that category; and
(B) the member is selected for that category by the Secretary concerned, based upon the needs of the service and the grade and military skills of that member.
(2) A member of the Individual Ready Reserve may not be carried in such mobilization category of members after the end of the 24-month period beginning on the date of the separation of the member from active service.
(3) The Secretary shall designate the grades and military skills or specialities of members to be eligible for placement in such mobilization category.
(4) A member in such mobilization category shall be eligible for benefits (other than pay and training) as are normally available to members of the Selected Reserve, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

10 USC 10145 - Ready Reserve: placement in

(a) Each person required under law to serve in a reserve component shall, upon becoming a member, be placed in the Ready Reserve of his armed force for his prescribed term of service, unless he is transferred to the Standby Reserve under section 10146 (a) of this title.
(b) The units and members of the Army National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States are in the Ready Reserve of the Army and the Ready Reserve of the Air Force, respectively.
(c) All Reserves assigned to units organized to serve as units and designated as units in the Ready Reserve are in the Ready Reserve.
(d) Under such regulations as the Secretary concerned may prescribe, any qualified member of a reserve component or any qualified retired enlisted member of a regular component may, upon his request, be placed in the Ready Reserve. However, a member of the Retired Reserve entitled to retired pay or a retired enlisted member of a regular component may not be placed in the Ready Reserve unless the Secretary concerned makes a special finding that the members services in the Ready Reserve are indispensable. The authority of the Secretary concerned under the preceding sentence may not be delegated
(1) to a civilian officer or employee of the military department concerned below the level of Assistant Secretary; or
(2) to a member of the armed forces below the level of the lieutenant general or vice admiral in an armed force with responsibility for military personnel policy in that armed force.

10 USC 10146 - Ready Reserve: transfer from

(a) Subject to subsection (c) and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, or by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a member in the Ready Reserve may be transferred to the Standby Reserve.
(b) A Reserve who is qualified and so requests may be transferred to the Retired Reserve under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned and, in the case of the Secretary of a military department, approved by the Secretary of Defense.
(c) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred to the Standby Reserve only with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State.

10 USC 10147 - Ready Reserve: training requirements

(a) Except as specifically provided in regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, or by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, each person who is enlisted, inducted, or appointed in an armed force, and who becomes a member of the Ready Reserve under any provision of law except section 513 or 10145 (b) of this title, shall be required, while in the Ready Reserve, to
(1) participate in at least 48 scheduled drills or training periods during each year and serve on active duty for training of not less than 14 days (exclusive of traveltime) during each year; or
(2) serve on active duty for training not more than 30 days during each year.
(b) A member who has served on active duty for one year or longer may not be required to perform a period of active duty for training if the first day of that period falls during the last 120 days of the members required membership in the Ready Reserve.

10 USC 10148 - Ready Reserve: failure to satisfactorily perform prescribed training

(a) A member of the Ready Reserve covered by section 10147 of this title who fails in any year to perform satisfactorily the training duty prescribed in that section, as determined by the Secretary concerned under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may be ordered without his consent to perform additional active duty for training for not more than 45 days. If the failure occurs during the last year of his required membership in the Ready Reserve, his membership is extended until he performs that additional active duty for training, but not for more than six months.
(b) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States who fails in any year to perform satisfactorily the training duty prescribed by or under law for members of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary concerned, may, upon the request of the Governor of the State (or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard) be ordered, without his consent, to perform additional active duty for training for not more than 45 days. A member ordered to active duty under this subsection shall be ordered to duty as a Reserve of the Army or as a Reserve of the Air Force, as the case may be.

10 USC 10149 - Ready Reserve: continuous screening

(a) Under regulations to be prescribed by the President, the Secretary concerned shall provide a system of continuous screening of units and members of the Ready Reserve to ensure the following:
(1) That there will be no significant attrition of those members or units during a mobilization.
(2) That there is a proper balance of military skills.
(3) That except for those with military skills for which there is an overriding requirement, members having critical civilian skills are not retained in numbers beyond the need for those skills.
(4) That with due regard to national security and military requirements, recognition will be given to participation in combat.
(5) That members whose mobilization in an emergency would result in an extreme personal or community hardship are not retained in the Ready Reserve.
(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a member of the Ready Reserve who is designated as a member not to be retained in the Ready Reserve as a result of screening under subsection (a) shall, as appropriate, be
(1) transferred to the Standby Reserve;
(2) discharged; or
(3) if the member is eligible and applies therefor, transferred to the Retired Reserve.

10 USC 10150 - Ready Reserve: transfer back from Standby Reserve

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a member of the Standby Reserve who has not completed his required period of service in the Ready Reserve may be transferred to the Ready Reserve when the reason for his transfer to the Standby Reserve no longer exists.

10 USC 10151 - Standby Reserve: composition

The Standby Reserve consists of those units or members, or both, of the reserve components, other than those in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve, who are liable for active duty only as provided in sections 12301 and 12306 of this title.

10 USC 10152 - Standby Reserve: inactive status list

An inactive status list shall be maintained in the Standby Reserve. Whenever an authority designated by the Secretary concerned considers that it is in the best interest of the armed force concerned, a member in the Standby Reserve who is not required to remain a Reserve, and who cannot participate in prescribed training, may, if qualified, be transferred to the inactive status list under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary concerned. These regulations shall fix the conditions under which such a member is entitled to be returned to an active status.

10 USC 10153 - Standby Reserve: status of members

While in an inactive status, a Reserve is not eligible for pay or promotion and (as provided in section 12734 (a) of this title) does not accrue credit for years of service under chapter 1223 of this title.

10 USC 10154 - Retired Reserve

The Retired Reserve consists of the following Reserves:
(1) Reserves who are or have been retired under section 3911, 6323, or 8911 of this title or under section 291 of title 14.
(2) Reserves who have been transferred to the Retired Reserve, retain their status as Reserves, and are otherwise qualified.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1006 - RESERVE COMPONENT COMMANDS

10 USC 10171 - United States Army Reserve Command

(a) Command.— 
The United States Army Reserve Command is a separate command of the Army commanded by the Chief of Army Reserve.
(b) Chain of Command.— 
Except as otherwise prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army shall prescribe the chain of command for the United States Army Reserve Command.
(c) Assignment of Forces.— 
The Secretary of the Army
(1) shall assign to the United States Army Reserve Command all forces of the Army Reserve in the continental United States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and
(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the Secretary of the Army specified in section 3013 of this title, shall assign all such forces of the Army Reserve to the commander of the United States Atlantic Command.

10 USC 10172 - Navy Reserve Force

(a) Establishment of Command.— 
The Secretary of the Navy, with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Naval Operations, shall establish a Navy Reserve Force. The Navy Reserve Force shall be operated as a separate command of the Navy.
(b) Commander.— 
The Chief of Navy Reserve shall be the commander of the Navy Reserve Force. The commander of the Navy Reserve Force reports directly to the Chief of Naval Operations.
(c) Assignment of Forces.— 
The Secretary of the Navy
(1) shall assign to the Navy Reserve Force specified portions of the Navy Reserve other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and
(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the Secretary of the Navy specified in section 5013 of this title, shall assign to the combatant commands all such forces assigned to the Navy Reserve Force under paragraph (1) in the manner specified by the Secretary of Defense.

10 USC 10173 - Marine Forces Reserve

(a) Establishment.— 
The Secretary of the Navy, with the advice and assistance of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, shall establish in the Marine Corps a command known as the Marine Forces Reserve.
(b) Commander.— 
The Marine Forces Reserve is commanded by the Commander, Marine Forces Reserve. The Commander, Marine Forces Reserve, reports directly to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
(c) Assignment of Forces.— 
The Commandant of the Marine Corps
(1) shall assign to the Marine Forces Reserve the forces of the Marine Corps Reserve stationed in the continental United States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and
(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the Secretary of the Navy specified in section 5013 of this title, shall assign to the combatant commands (through the Marine Corps component commander for each such command) all such forces assigned to the Marine Forces Reserve under paragraph (1) in the manner specified by the Secretary of Defense.

10 USC 10174 - Air Force Reserve Command

(a) Establishment of Command.— 
The Secretary of the Air Force, with the advice and assistance of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, shall establish an Air Force Reserve Command. The Air Force Reserve Command shall be operated as a separate command of the Air Force.
(b) Commander.— 
The Chief of Air Force Reserve is the Commander of the Air Force Reserve Command. The commander of the Air Force Reserve Command reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
(c) Assignment of Forces.— 
The Secretary of the Air Force
(1) shall assign to the Air Force Reserve Command all forces of the Air Force Reserve stationed in the continental United States other than forces assigned to the unified combatant command for special operations forces established pursuant to section 167 of this title; and
(2) except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of forces assigned to carry out functions of the Secretary of the Air Force specified in section 8013 of this title, shall assign to the combatant commands all such forces assigned to the Air Force Reserve Command under paragraph (1) in the manner specified by the Secretary of Defense.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1007 - ADMINISTRATION OF RESERVE COMPONENTS

10 USC 10201 - Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs

As provided in section 138 (b)(2) of this title, the official in the Department of Defense with responsibility for overall supervision of reserve component affairs of the Department of Defense is the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs.

10 USC 10202 - Regulations

(a) Subject to standards, policies, and procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of each military department shall prescribe such regulations as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out provisions of law relating to the reserve components under the Secretarys jurisdiction.
(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security, with the concurrence of the Secretary of the Navy, shall prescribe such regulations as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out all provisions of law relating to the reserve components insofar as they relate to the Coast Guard, except when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the Navy.
(c) So far as practicable, regulations for all reserve components shall be uniform.

10 USC 10203 - Reserve affairs: designation of general or flag officer of each armed force

(a) The Secretary of the Army may designate a general officer of the Army to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Chief of Staff of the Army.
(b) The Secretary of the Navy may designate a flag officer of the Navy to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Chief of Naval Operations and a general officer of the Marine Corps to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
(c) The Secretary of the Air Force may designate a general officer of the Air Force to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
(d) The Secretary of Homeland Security may designate a flag officer of the Coast Guard to be directly responsible for reserve affairs to the Commandant of the Coast Guard.
(e) This section does not affect the functions of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, the Chief of Army Reserve, or the Chief of Air Force Reserve.

10 USC 10204 - Personnel records

(a) The Secretary concerned shall maintain adequate and current personnel records of each member of the reserve components under the Secretarys jurisdiction showing the following with respect to the member:
(1) Physical condition.
(2) Dependency status.
(3) Military qualifications.
(4) Civilian occupational skills.
(5) Availability for service.
(6) Such other information as the Secretary concerned may prescribe.
(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of each military department shall maintain a record of the number of members of each class of each reserve component who, during each fiscal year, have participated satisfactorily in active duty for training and inactive duty training with pay.

10 USC 10205 - Members of Ready Reserve: requirement of notification of change of status

(a) Each member of the Ready Reserve shall notify the Secretary concerned of any change in the members address, marital status, number of dependents, or civilian employment and of any change in the members physical condition that would prevent the member from meeting the physical or mental standards prescribed for the members armed force.
(b) This section shall be administered under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy.

10 USC 10206 - Members: physical examinations

(a) Each member of the Selected Reserve who is not on active duty shall
(1) have a comprehensive medical readiness health and dental assessment on an annual basis, including routine annual preventive health care screening and periodic comprehensive physical examinations in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense that reflect morbidity and mortality risks associated with the military service, age, and gender of the member; and
(2) execute and submit to the Secretary concerned on an annual basis documentation of the medical and dental readiness of the member to perform military duties.
(b) A member of the Individual Ready Reserve or inactive National Guard shall be examined for physical fitness as necessary to determine the members physical fitness for
(1) military duty or promotion;
(2) attendance at a school of the armed forces; or
(3) other action related to career progression.
(c) Each Reserve in an active status, or on an inactive status list, who is not on active duty shall execute and submit annually to the Secretary concerned a certificate of physical condition.
(d) The kind of duty to which a Reserve ordered to active duty may be assigned shall be considered in determining physical qualifications for active duty.

10 USC 10207 - Mobilization forces: maintenance

(a) Whenever units or members of the reserve components are ordered to active duty (other than for training) during a period of partial mobilization, the Secretary concerned shall continue to maintain mobilization forces by planning and budgeting for the continued organization and training of the reserve components not mobilized, and make the fullest practicable use of the Federal facilities vacated by mobilized units, consistent with approved joint mobilization plans.
(b) In this section, the term partial mobilization means the mobilization resulting from action by Congress or the President, under any law, to bring units of any reserve component, and members not assigned to units organized to serve as units, to active duty for a limited expansion of the active armed forces.

10 USC 10208 - Annual mobilization exercise

(a) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct at least one major mobilization exercise each year. The exercise should be as comprehensive and as realistic as possible and should include the participation of associated active component and reserve component units.
(b) The Secretary shall maintain a plan to test periodically each active component and reserve component unit based in the United States and all interactions of such units, as well as the sustainment of the forces mobilized as part of the exercise, with the objective of permitting an evaluation of the adequacy of resource allocation and planning.

10 USC 10209 - Regular and reserve components: discrimination prohibited

Laws applying to both Regulars and Reserves shall be administered without discrimination
(1) among Regulars;
(2) among Reserves; and
(3) between Regulars and Reserves.

10 USC 10210 - Dissemination of information

The Secretary of Defense shall require the complete and current dissemination, to all Reserves and to the public, of information of interest to the reserve components.

10 USC 10211 - Policies and regulations: participation of Reserve officers in preparation and administration

Within such numbers and in such grades and assignments as the Secretary concerned may prescribe, each armed force shall have officers of its reserve components on active duty (other than for training) at the seat of government, and at headquarters responsible for reserve affairs, to participate in preparing and administering the policies and regulations affecting those reserve components. While so serving, such an officer is an additional number of any staff with which he is serving.

10 USC 10212 - Gratuitous services of officers: authority to accept

(a) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the Secretary of Defense may accept the gratuitous services of an officer of a reserve component (other than an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States) in consultation upon matters relating to the armed forces.
(b) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the Secretary of a military department may accept the gratuitous services of an officer of a reserve component under the Secretarys jurisdiction (other than an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States)
(1) in the furtherance of the enrollment, organization, and training of that officers reserve component or the Reserve Officers Training Corps; or
(2) in consultation upon matters relating to the armed forces.

10 USC 10213 - Reserve components: dual membership prohibited

Except as otherwise provided in this title, no person may be a member of more than one reserve component at the same time.

10 USC 10214 - Adjutants general and assistant adjutants general: reference to other officers of National Guard

In any case in which, under the laws of a State, an officer of the National Guard of that jurisdiction, other than the adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general, normally performs the duties of that office, the references in sections 12004 (b)(1), 12215, 12642 (c), 14507 (b), 14508 (e),1 and 14512 of this title to the adjutant general or the assistant adjutant general shall be applied to that officer instead of to the adjutant general or assistant adjutant general.
[1] See References in Text note below.

10 USC 10215 - Officers of Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the United States: authority with respect to Federal status

(a) 
(1) Officers of the Army National Guard of the United States who are not on active duty
(A) may order members of the Army National Guard of the United States to active duty for training under section 12301 (d) of this title; and
(B) with the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, may order members of the Air National Guard of the United States to active duty for training under that section.
(2) Officers of the Air National Guard of the United States who are not on active duty
(A) may order members of the Air National Guard of the United States to active duty for training under section 12301 (d) of this title; and
(B) with the approval of the Secretary of the Army, may order members of the Army National Guard of the United States to active duty for training under that section.
(b) Officers of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States who are not on active duty
(1) may enlist, reenlist, or extend the enlistments of persons as Reserves of the Army or Reserves of the Air Force for service in the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, as the case may be; and
(2) with respect to their Federal status, may promote or discharge persons enlisted or reenlisted as Reserves of the Army or Reserves of the Air Force for that service.
(c) This section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning the Army, and by the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to matters concerning the Air Force.

10 USC 10216 - Military technicians (dual status)

(a) In General.— 

(1) For purposes of this section and any other provision of law, a military technician (dual status) is a Federal civilian employee who
(A) is employed under section 3101 of title 5 or section 709 (b) of title 32;
(B) is required as a condition of that employment to maintain membership in the Selected Reserve; and
(C) is assigned to a civilian position as a technician in the organizing, administering, instructing, or training of the Selected Reserve or in the maintenance and repair of supplies or equipment issued to the Selected Reserve or the armed forces.
(2) Military technicians (dual status) shall be authorized and accounted for as a separate category of civilian employees.
(3) A military technician (dual status) who is employed under section 3101 of title 5 may perform the following additional duties to the extent that the performance of those duties does not interfere with the performance of the primary duties described in paragraph (1):
(A) Supporting operations or missions assigned in whole or in part to the technicians unit.
(B) Supporting operations or missions performed or to be performed by
(i) a unit composed of elements from more than one component of the technicians armed force; or
(ii) a joint forces unit that includes
(I) one or more units of the technicians component; or
(II) a member of the technicians component whose reserve component assignment is in a position in an element of the joint forces unit.
(C) Instructing or training in the United States or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or possessions of the United States of
(i) active-duty members of the armed forces;
(ii) members of foreign military forces (under the same authorities and restrictions applicable to active-duty members providing such instruction or training);
(iii) Department of Defense contractor personnel; or
(iv) Department of Defense civilian employees.
(b) Priority for Management of Military Technicians (Dual Status).(1) As a basis for making the annual request to Congress pursuant to section 115 (c)1 of this title for authorization of end strengths for military technicians (dual status) of the Army and Air Force reserve components, the Secretary of Defense shall give priority to supporting authorizations for military technicians (dual status) in the following high-priority units and organizations:
(A) Units of the Selected Reserve that are scheduled to deploy no later than 90 days after mobilization.
(B) Units of the Selected Reserve that are or will deploy to relieve active duty peacetime operations tempo.
(C) Those organizations with the primary mission of providing direct support surface and aviation maintenance for the reserve components of the Army and Air Force, to the extent that the military technicians (dual status) in such units would mobilize and deploy in a skill that is compatible with their civilian position skill.
(2) For each fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall, for the high-priority units and organizations referred to in paragraph (1), seek to achieve a programmed manning level for military technicians (dual status) that is not less than 90 percent of the programmed manpower structure for those units and organizations for military technicians (dual status) for that fiscal year.
(3) Military technician (dual status) authorizations and personnel shall be exempt from any requirement (imposed by law or otherwise) for reductions in Department of Defense civilian personnel and shall only be reduced as part of military force structure reductions.
(c) Information Required To Be Submitted With Annual End Strength Authorization Request.— 

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall include as part of the budget justification documents submitted to Congress with the budget of the Department of Defense for any fiscal year the following information with respect to the end strengths for military technicians (dual status) requested in that budget pursuant to section 115 (c)1 of this title, shown separately for each of the Army and Air Force reserve components:
(A) The number of military technicians (dual status) in the high priority units and organizations specified in subsection (b)(1).
(B) The number of technicians other than military technicians (dual status) in the high priority units and organizations specified in subsection (b)(1).
(C) The number of military technicians (dual status) in other than high priority units and organizations specified in subsection (b)(1).
(D) The number of technicians other than military technicians (dual status) in other than high priority units and organizations specified in subsection (b)(1).
(2) 
(A) If the budget submitted to Congress for any fiscal year requests authorization for that fiscal year under section 115 (c)1 of this title of a military technician (dual status) end strength for a reserve component of the Army or Air Force in a number that constitutes a reduction from the end strength minimum established by law for that reserve component for the fiscal year during which the budget is submitted, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees with that budget a justification providing the basis for that requested reduction in technician end strength.
(B) Any justification submitted under subparagraph (A) shall clearly delineate the specific force structure reductions forming the basis for such requested technician reduction (and the numbers related to those reductions).
(d) Unit Membership Requirement.— 

(1) Unless specifically exempted by law, each individual who is hired as a military technician (dual status) after December 1, 1995, shall be required as a condition of that employment to maintain membership in
(A) the unit of the Selected Reserve by which the individual is employed as a military technician; or
(B) a unit of the Selected Reserve that the individual is employed as a military technician to support.
(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a military technician (dual status) who is employed by the Army Reserve in an area other than Army Reserve troop program units.
(e) Dual Status Requirement.— 

(1) Funds appropriated for the Department of Defense may not (except as provided in paragraph (2)) be used for compensation as a military technician of any individual hired as a military technician (dual status) after February 10, 1996, who is no longer a member of the Selected Reserve.
(2) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned may pay compensation described in paragraph (1) to an individual described in that paragraph who is no longer a member of the Selected Reserve for a period up to 12 months following the individuals loss of membership in the Selected Reserve if the Secretary determines that such loss of membership was not due to the failure of that individual to meet military standards.
(f) Deferral of Mandatory Separation.— 
The Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force shall implement personnel policies so as to allow a military technician (dual status) who continues to meet the requirements of this section for dual status to continue to serve beyond a mandatory removal date for officers, and any applicable maximum years of service limitation, until the military technician (dual status) reaches age 60 and attains eligibility for an unreduced annuity (as defined in section 10218 (c) of this title).
(g) Retention of Military Technicians Who Lose Dual Status Due to Combat-Related Disability.— 

(1) Notwithstanding subsection (d) of this section or subsections (a)(3) and (b) of section 10218 of this title, if a military technician (dual status) loses such dual status as the result of a combat-related disability (as defined in section 1413a of this title), the person may be retained as a non-dual status technician so long as
(A) the combat-related disability does not prevent the person from performing the non-dual status functions or position; and
(B) the person, while a non-dual status technician, is not disqualified from performing the non-dual status functions or position because of performance, medical, or other reasons.
(2) A person so retained shall be removed not later than 30 days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age.
(3) Persons retained under the authority of this subsection do not count against the limitations of section 10217 (c) of this title.
[1] See References in Text note below.

10 USC 10217 - Non-dual status technicians

(a) Definition.— 
For the purposes of this section and any other provision of law, a non-dual status technician is a civilian employee of the Department of Defense serving in a military technician position who
(1) was hired as a technician before November 18, 1997, under any of the authorities specified in subsection (b) and as of that date is not a member of the Selected Reserve or after such date has ceased to be a member of the Selected Reserve; or
(2) is employed under section 709 of title 32 in a position designated under subsection (c) of that section and when hired was not required to maintain membership in the Selected Reserve.
(b) Employment Authorities.— 
The authorities referred to in subsection (a) are the following:
(1) Section 10216 of this title.
(2) Section 709 of title 32.
(3) The requirements referred to in section 8401 of title 5.
(4) Section 8016 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1996 (Public Law 10461; 109 Stat. 654), and any comparable provision of law enacted on an annual basis in the Department of Defense Appropriations Acts for fiscal years 1984 through 1995.
(5) Any memorandum of agreement between the Department of Defense and the Office of Personnel Management providing for the hiring of military technicians.
(c) Permanent Limitations on Number.— 

(1) Effective October 1, 2007, the total number of non-dual status technicians employed by the Army Reserve may not exceed 595 and by the Air Force Reserve may not exceed 90. If at any time after the preceding sentence takes effect the number of non-dual status technicians employed by the Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve exceeds the number specified in the limitation in the preceding sentence, the Secretary of Defense shall require that the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, take immediate steps to reduce the number of such technicians in order to comply with such limitation.
(2) The total number of non-dual status technicians employed by the National Guard may not exceed 1,950. If at any time the number of non-dual status technicians employed by the National Guard exceeds the number specified in the limitation in the preceding sentence, the Secretary of Defense shall require that the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, take immediate steps to reduce the number of such technicians in order to comply with such limitation.

10 USC 10218 - Army and Air Force Reserve technicians: conditions for retention; mandatory retirement under civil service laws

(a) Separation and Retirement of Military Technicians (Dual Status).(1) An individual employed by the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a military technician (dual status) who after October 5, 1999, loses dual status is subject to paragraph (2) or (3), as the case may be.
(2) If a technician described in paragraph (1) is eligible at the time dual status is lost for an unreduced annuity and is age 60 or older at that time, the technician shall be separated not later than 30 days after the date on which dual status is lost.
(3) 
(A) If a technician described in paragraph (1) is not eligible at the time dual status is lost for an unreduced annuity or is under age 60 at that time, the technician shall be offered the opportunity to
(i) reapply for, and if qualified be appointed to, a position as a military technician (dual status); or
(ii) apply for a civil service position that is not a technician position.
(B) If such a technician continues employment with the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician, the technician
(i) shall not be permitted, after October 5, 2000, to apply for any voluntary personnel action; and
(ii) shall be separated or retired
(I) in the case of a technician first hired as a military technician (dual status) on or before February 10, 1996, not later than 30 days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age; and
(II) in the case of a technician first hired as a military technician (dual status) after February 10, 1996, not later than one year after the date on which dual status is lost.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, a military technician is considered to lose dual status upon
(A) being separated from the Selected Reserve; or
(B) ceasing to hold the military grade specified by the Secretary concerned for the position held by the technician.
(b) Non-Dual Status Technicians.— 

(1) An individual who on October 5, 1999, is employed by the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician and who on that date is eligible for an unreduced annuity and is age 60 or older shall be separated not later than April 5, 2000.
(2) 
(A) An individual who on October 5, 1999, is employed by the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician and who on that date is not eligible for an unreduced annuity or is under age 60 shall be offered the opportunity to
(i) reapply for, and if qualified be appointed to, a position as a military technician (dual status); or
(ii) apply for a civil service position that is not a technician position.
(B) If such a technician continues employment with the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician, the technician
(i) shall not be permitted, after October 5, 2000, to apply for any voluntary personnel action; and
(ii) shall be separated or retired
(I) in the case of a technician first hired as a technician on or before February 10, 1996, and who on October 5, 1999, is a non-dual status technician, not later than 30 days after becoming eligible for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age; and
(II) in the case of a technician first hired as a technician after February 10, 1996, and who on October 5, 1999, is a non-dual status technician, not later than one year after the date on which dual status is lost.
(3) An individual employed by the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as a non-dual status technician who is ineligible for appointment to a military technician (dual status) position, or who decides not to apply for appointment to such a position, or who, during the period beginning on October 5, 1999, and ending on April 5, 2000, is not appointed to such a position, shall for reduction-in-force purposes be in a separate competitive category from employees who are military technicians (dual status).
(c) Unreduced Annuity Defined.— 
For purposes of this section, a technician shall be considered to be eligible for an unreduced annuity if the technician is eligible for an annuity under section 8336, 8412, or 8414 of title 5 that is not subject to a reduction by reason of the age or years of service of the technician.
(d) Voluntary Personnel Action Defined.— 
In this section, the term voluntary personnel action, with respect to a non-dual status technician, means any of the following:
(1) The hiring, entry, appointment, reassignment, promotion, or transfer of the technician into a position for which the Secretary concerned has established a requirement that the person occupying the position be a military technician (dual status).
(2) Promotion to a higher grade if the technician is in a position for which the Secretary concerned has established a requirement that the person occupying the position be a military technician (dual status).

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1009 - RESERVE FORCES POLICY BOARDS AND COMMITTEES

10 USC 10301 - Reserve Forces Policy Board

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of Defense a Reserve Forces Policy Board. The Board consists of the following:
(1) A civilian chairman appointed by the Secretary of Defense.
(2) The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs.
(3) An officer of the Regular Army designated by the Secretary of the Army.
(4) An officer of the Regular Navy and an officer of the Regular Marine Corps, each designated by the Secretary of the Navy.
(5) An officer of the Regular Air Force designated by the Secretary of the Air Force.
(6) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Army, two of whom must be members of the Army National Guard of the United States, and two of whom must be members of the Army Reserve.
(7) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy, two of whom must be members of the Navy Reserve, and two of whom must be members of the Marine Corps Reserve.
(8) Four reserve officers designated by the Secretary of Defense upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the Air Force, two of whom must be members of the Air National Guard of the United States, and two of whom must be members of the Air Force Reserve.
(9) A reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is a general officer or flag officer designated by the Chairman of the Board with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, and who serves without vote as military adviser to the Chairman and as executive officer of the Board.
(10) An officer of the Regular Army, Regular Navy, Regular Air Force, or Regular Marine Corps serving in a position on the Joint Staff who is designated by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
(b) Whenever the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security may designate two officers of the Coast Guard, Regular or Reserve, to serve as voting members of the Board.
(c) The Board, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, is the principal policy adviser to the Secretary of Defense on matters relating to the reserve components.
(d) This section does not affect the committees on reserve policies prescribed within the military departments by sections 10302 through 10305 of this title.
(e) A member of a committee or board prescribed under a section listed in subsection (d) may, if otherwise eligible, be a member of the Reserve Forces Policy Board.
(f) The Board shall act on those matters referred to it by the Chairman and, in addition, on any matter raised by a member of the Board.

10 USC 10302 - Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Army an Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee. The Committee shall review and comment upon major policy matters directly affecting the reserve components and the mobilization preparedness of the Army. The Committees comments on such policy matters shall accompany the final report regarding any such matters submitted to the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff.
(b) The Committee consists of officers in the grade of colonel or above, as follows:
(1) five members of the Regular Army on duty with the Army General Staff;
(2) five members of the Army National Guard of the United States not on active duty; and
(3) five members of the Army Reserve not on active duty.
(c) The members of the Committee shall select the Chairman from among the members on the Committee not on active duty.
(d) A majority of the members of the Committee shall act whenever matter affecting both the Army National Guard of the United States and Army Reserve are being considered. However, when any matter solely affecting one of the reserve components of the Army is being considered, it shall be acted upon only by the Subcommittee on Army National Guard Policy or the Subcommittee on Army Reserve Policy, as appropriate.
(e) The Subcommittee on Army National Guard Policy consists of the members of the Committee other than the Army Reserve members.
(f) The Subcommittee on Army Reserve Policy consists of the members of the Committee other than the Army National Guard members.
(g) Membership on the Committee is determined by the Secretary of the Army and is for a minimum period of three years. Except in the case of members of the Committee from the Regular Army, the Secretary of the Army, when appointing new members, shall insure that among the officers of each component on the Committee there will at all times be two or more members with more than one year of continuous service on the Committee.
(h) There shall be not less than 10 officers of the Army National Guard of the United States and the Army Reserve on duty with the Army Staff, one-half of whom shall be from each of those components. These officers shall be considered as additional members of the Army Staff while on that duty.

10 USC 10303 - Navy Reserve Policy Board

A Navy Reserve Policy Board shall be convened at least once annually at the seat of government to consider, recommend, and report to the Secretary of the Navy on reserve policy matters. At least half of the members of the Board must be officers of the Navy Reserve.

10 USC 10304 - Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board

A Marine Corps Reserve Policy Board shall be convened at least once annually at the seat of government to consider, recommend, and report to the Secretary of the Navy on reserve policy matters. At least half of the members of the Board must be officers of the Marine Corps Reserve.

10 USC 10305 - Air Force Reserve Forces Policy Committee

(a) There is in the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force an Air Reserve Forces Policy Committee on Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Policy. The Committee shall review and comment upon major policy matters directly affecting the reserve components and the mobilization preparedness of the Air Force. The Committees comments on such policy matters shall accompany the final report regarding any such matters submitted to the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff.
(b) The committee consists of officers in the grade of colonel or above, as follows:
(1) five members of the Regular Air Force on duty with the Air Staff;
(2) five members of the Air National Guard of the United States not on active duty; and
(3) five members of the Air Force Reserve not on active duty.
(c) The members of the Committee shall select the Chairman from among the members on the Committee not on active duty.
(d) A majority of the members of the Committee shall act whenever matters affecting both the Air National Guard of the United States and Air Force Reserve are being considered. However, when any matter solely affecting one of the Air Force Reserve components is being considered, it shall be acted upon only by the Subcommittee on Air National Guard Policy or the Subcommittee on Air Force Reserve Policy, as appropriate.
(e) The Subcommittee on Air National Guard Policy consists of the members of the Committee other than the Air Force Reserve members.
(f) The Subcommittee on Air Force Reserve Policy consists of the members of the Committee other than the Air National Guard members.
(g) Membership on the Air Staff Committee is determined by the Secretary of the Air Force and is for a minimum period of three years. Except in the case of members of the Committee from the Regular Air Force, the Secretary of the Air Force, when appointing new members, shall insure that among the officers of each component on the Committee there will at all times be two or more members with more than one year of continuous service on the Committee.
(h) There shall be not less than 10 officers of the Air National Guard of the United States and the Air Force Reserve on duty with the Air Staff, one-half of whom shall be from each of those components. These officers shall be considered as additional members of the Air Staff while on that duty.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1011 - NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU

10 USC 10501 - National Guard Bureau

(a) National Guard Bureau.— 
There is in the Department of Defense the National Guard Bureau, which is a joint activity of the Department of Defense.
(b) Purposes.— 
The National Guard Bureau is the channel of communications on all matters pertaining to the National Guard, the Army National Guard of the United States, and the Air National Guard of the United States between
(1)  the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force, and
(2)  the several States.

10 USC 10502 - Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; adviser on National Guard matters; grade; succession

(a) Appointment.— 
There is a Chief of the National Guard Bureau, who is responsible for the organization and operations of the National Guard Bureau. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Such appointment shall be made from officers of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States who
(1) are recommended for such appointment by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard;
(2) are recommended for such appointment by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force;
(3) have had at least 10 years of federally recognized commissioned service in an active status in the National Guard;
(4) are in a grade above the grade of brigadier general;
(5) are determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience;
(6) are determined by the Secretary of Defense to have successfully completed such other assignments and experiences so as to possess a detailed understanding of the status and capabilities of National Guard forces and the missions of the National Guard Bureau as set forth in section 10503 of this title;
(7) have a level of operational experience in a position of significant responsibility, professional military education, and demonstrated expertise in national defense and homeland defense matters that are commensurate with the advisory role of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau; and
(8) possess such other qualifications as the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe for purposes of this section.
(b) Term of Office.— 

(1) An officer appointed as Chief of the National Guard Bureau serves at the pleasure of the President for a term of four years. An officer may be reappointed as Chief of the National Guard Bureau.
(2) Except as provided in section 14508 (d) of this title, while holding the office of Chief of the National Guard Bureau, the Chief of the National Guard Bureau may not be removed from the reserve active-status list, or from an active status, under any provision of law that otherwise would require such removal due to completion of a specified number of years of service or a specified number of years of service in grade.
(c) Advisor on National Guard Matters.— 
The Chief of the National Guard Bureau is
(1) a principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense, through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on matters involving non-federalized National Guard forces and on other matters as determined by the Secretary of Defense; and
(2) the principal adviser to the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army, and to the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, on matters relating to the National Guard, the Army National Guard of the United States, and the Air National Guard of the United States.
(d) Grade.— 
The Chief of the National Guard Bureau shall be appointed to serve in the grade of general.
(e) Succession.— 

(1) Unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense, the senior of the two officers specified in paragraph (2) shall serve as the acting Chief of the National Guard Bureau during any period that
(A) there is a vacancy in the position of Chief of the National Guard Bureau; or
(B) the Chief is unable to perform the duties of that office.
(2) The officers specified in this paragraph are the following:
(A) The senior officer of the Army National Guard of the United States on duty with the National Guard Bureau.
(B) The senior officer of the Air National Guard of the United States on duty with the National Guard Bureau.

10 USC 10503 - Functions of National Guard Bureau: charter

The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of the Army, and the Secretary of the Air Force, shall develop and prescribe a charter for the National Guard Bureau. The charter shall reflect the full scope of the duties and activities of the Bureau, including the following matters:
(1) Allocating unit structure, strength authorizations, and other resources to the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States.
(2) The role of the National Guard Bureau in support of the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force.
(3) Prescribing the training discipline and training requirements for the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard and the allocation of Federal funds for the training of the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard.
(4) Ensuring that units and members of the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard are trained by the States in accordance with approved programs and policies of, and guidance from, the Chief, the Secretary of the Army, and the Secretary of the Air Force.
(5) Monitoring and assisting the States in the organization, maintenance, and operation of National Guard units so as to provide well-trained and well-equipped units capable of augmenting the active forces in time of war or national emergency.
(6) Planning and administering the budget for the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States.
(7) Supervising the acquisition and supply of, and accountability of the States for, Federal property issued to the National Guard through the property and fiscal officers designated, detailed, or appointed under section 708 of title 32.
(8) Granting and withdrawing, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Federal recognition of
(A)  National Guard units, and
(B)  officers of the National Guard.
(9) Establishing policies and programs for the employment and use of National Guard technicians under section 709 of title 32.
(10) Supervising and administering the Active Guard and Reserve program as it pertains to the National Guard.
(11) Issuing directives, regulations, and publications consistent with approved policies of the Army and Air Force, as appropriate.
(12) Facilitating and supporting the training of members and units of the National Guard to meet State requirements.
(13) 
(A) Assisting the Secretary of Defense in facilitating and coordinating with the entities listed in subparagraph (B) the use of National Guard personnel and resources for operations conducted under title 32, or in support of State missions.
(B) The entities listed in this subparagraph for purposes of subparagraph (A) are the following:
(i) Other Federal agencies.
(ii) The Adjutants General of the States.
(iii) The United States Joint Forces Command.
(iv) The combatant command the geographic area of responsibility of which includes the United States.
(14) Such other functions as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe.

10 USC 10504 - Chief of National Guard Bureau: annual report

(a) Annual Report.— 
The Chief of the National Guard Bureau shall submit to the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretaries of the Army and the Air Force, an annual report on the state of the National Guard and the ability of the National Guard to meet its missions. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force and may be submitted in classified and unclassified versions.
(b) Submission of Report to Congress.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall transmit the annual report of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to Congress, together with such comments on the report as the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be transmitted at the same time each year that the annual report of the Secretary under section 113 (c) of this title is submitted to Congress.

10 USC 10505 - Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau

(a) Appointment.— 

(1) There is a Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau, selected by the Secretary of Defense from officers of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States who
(A) are recommended for such appointment by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard;
(B) have had at least 10 years of federally recognized commissioned service in an active status in the National Guard; and
(C) are in a grade above the grade of colonel.
(2) The Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau may not both be members of the Army or of the Air Force.
(3) 
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an officer appointed as Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau serves for a term of four years, but may be removed from office at any time for cause.
(B) The term of the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau shall end upon the appointment of a Chief of the National Guard Bureau who is a member of the same armed force as the Director.
(4) The Secretary of Defense may waive the restrictions in paragraph (2) and the provisions of paragraph (3)(B) for a limited period of time to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in the positions of Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau.
(b) Duties.— 
The Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau performs such duties as may be prescribed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau.
(c) Grade.— 
The Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau shall be appointed to serve in the grade of major general.

10 USC 10506 - Other senior National Guard Bureau officers

(a) Additional General Officers.— 

(1) In addition to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau, there shall be assigned to the National Guard Bureau
(A) two general officers selected by the Secretary of the Army from officers of the Army National Guard of the United States who have been nominated by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard, the senior of whom shall be appointed in accordance with paragraph (3), shall hold the grade of lieutenant general while so serving, and shall serve as Director, Army National Guard, with the other serving as Deputy Director, Army National Guard; and
(B) two general officers selected by the Secretary of the Air Force from officers of the Air National Guard of the United States who have been nominated by their respective Governors or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard, the senior of whom shall be appointed in accordance with paragraph (3), shall hold the grade of lieutenant general while so serving, and shall serve as Director, Air National Guard, with the other serving as Deputy Director, Air National Guard.
(2) The officers so selected shall assist the Chief of the National Guard Bureau in carrying out the functions of the National Guard Bureau as they relate to their respective branches.
(3) 
(A) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Director, Army National Guard, from general officers of the Army National Guard of the United States and shall appoint the Director, Air National Guard, from general officers of the Air National Guard of the United States.
(B) The Secretary of Defense may not recommend an officer to the President for appointment as Director, Army National Guard, or as Director, Air National Guard, unless the officer
(i) is recommended by the Secretary of the military department concerned; and
(ii) is determined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in accordance with criteria and as a result of a process established by the Chairman, to have significant joint duty experience.
(C) An officer on active duty for service as the Director, Army National Guard, or the Director, Air National Guard, shall be counted for purposes of the grade limitations under sections 525 and 526 of this title.
(D) Until December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense may waive clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) with respect to the appointment of an officer as Director, Army National Guard, or as Director, Air National Guard, if the Secretary of the military department concerned requests the waiver and, in the judgment of the Secretary of Defense
(i) the officer is qualified for service in the position; and
(ii) the waiver is necessary for the good of the service.

Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis.

(E) The Director, Army National Guard, and the Director, Air National Guard, are appointed for a period of four years, but may be removed for cause at any time. An officer serving as either Director may be reappointed for one additional four-year period.
(b) Other Officers.— 
There are in the National Guard Bureau a legal counsel, a comptroller, and an inspector general, each of whom shall be appointed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. They shall perform such duties as the Chief may prescribe.

10 USC 10507 - National Guard Bureau: assignment of officers of regular or reserve components

Except as provided in section 12402 (b) of this title, the President may assign to duty in the National Guard Bureau as many regular or reserve officers of the Army or Air Force as he considers necessary.

10 USC 10508 - National Guard Bureau: general provisions

The manpower requirements of the National Guard Bureau as a joint activity of the Department of Defense shall be determined in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1013 - BUDGET INFORMATION AND ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS

10 USC 10541 - National Guard and reserve component equipment: annual report to Congress

(a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Congress each year, not later than February 15, a written report concerning the equipment of the National Guard and the reserve components of the armed forces for each of the three succeeding fiscal years.
(b) Each report under this section shall include the following:
(1) Recommendations as to the type and quantity of each major item of equipment which should be in the inventory of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component of the armed forces.
(2) A statement of the quantity and average age of each type of major item of equipment which is expected to be physically available in the inventory of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component as of the beginning of each fiscal year covered by the report.
(3) A statement of the quantity and cost of each type of major item of equipment which is expected to be procured for the Selective Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component from commercial sources or to be transferred to each such Selected Reserve from the active-duty components of the armed forces.
(4) A statement of the quantity of each type of major item of equipment which is expected to be retired, decommissioned, transferred, or otherwise removed from the physical inventory of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component and the plans for replacement of that equipment.
(5) A listing of each major item of equipment required by the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve component indicating
(A) the full war-time requirement of that component for that item, shown in accordance with deployment schedules and requirements over successive 30-day periods following mobilization;
(B) the number of each such item in the inventory of the component;
(C) a separate listing of each such item in the inventory that is a deployable item and is not the most desired item;
(D) the number of each such item projected to be in the inventory at the end of the third succeeding fiscal year; and
(E) the number of nondeployable items in the inventory as a substitute for a required major item of equipment.
(6) A narrative explanation of the plan of the Secretary concerned to provide equipment needed to fill the war-time requirement for each major item of equipment to all units of the Selected Reserve, including an explanation of the plan to equip units of the Selected Reserve that are short of major items of equipment at the outset of war.
(7) For each item of major equipment reported under paragraph (3) in a report for one of the three previous years under this section as an item expected to be procured for the Selected Reserve or to be transferred to the Selected Reserve, the quantity of such equipment actually procured for or transferred to the Selected Reserve.
(8) A statement of the current status of the compatibility of equipment between the Army reserve components and active forces of the Army, the effect of that level of incompatibility on combat effectiveness, and a plan to achieve full equipment compatibility.
(9) An assessment of the extent to which the National Guard possesses the equipment required to perform the responsibilities of the National Guard pursuant to sections 331, 332, 333, 12304 (b), and 12406 of this title in response to an emergency or major disaster (as such terms are defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122)). Such assessment shall
(A) identify any shortfall in equipment provided to the National Guard by the Department of Defense throughout the United States and the territories and possessions of the United States that is likely to affect the ability of the National Guard to perform such responsibilities;
(B) evaluate the effect of any such shortfall on the capacity of the National Guard to perform such responsibilities in response to an emergency or major disaster that occurs in the United States or a territory or possession of the United States; and
(C) identify the requirements and investment strategies for equipment provided to the National Guard by the Department of Defense that are necessary to plan for a reduction or elimination of any such shortfall.
(c) Each report under this section shall be expressed in the same format and with the same level of detail as the information presented in the annual Five Year Defense Program Procurement Annex prepared by the Department of Defense.
(d) Each report under this section concerning equipment of the National Guard shall also include the following:
(1) A statement of the accuracy of the projections required by subsection (b)(5)(D) contained in earlier reports under this section, and an explanation, if the projection was not met, of why the projection was not met.
(2) A certification from the Chief of the National Guard Bureau setting forth an inventory for the preceding fiscal year of each item of equipment
(A) for which funds were appropriated;
(B) which was due to be procured for the National Guard during that fiscal year; and
(C) which has not been received by a National Guard unit as of the close of that fiscal year.

10 USC 10542 - Army National Guard combat readiness: annual report

(a) In General.— 
The Secretary of the Army shall include in the annual report of the Secretary to Congress known as the Army Posture Statement a detailed presentation concerning the Army National Guard, including particularly information relating to the implementation of the Army National Guard Combat Readiness Reform Act of 1992 (title XI of Public Law 102484; 106 Stat. 2536) (hereinafter in this section referred to as ANGCRRA).
(b) Matters To Be Included in Report.— 
Each presentation under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to the period covered by the report, the following information concerning the Army National Guard:
(1) The number and percentage of officers with at least two years of active-duty before becoming a member of the Army National Guard.
(2) The number and percentage of enlisted personnel with at least two years of active-duty before becoming a member of the Army National Guard.
(3) The number of officers who are graduates of one of the service academies and were released from active duty before the completion of their active-duty service obligation and, of those officers
(A) the number who are serving the remaining period of their active-duty service obligation as a member of the Selected Reserve pursuant to section 1112(a)(1) of ANGCRRA; and
(B) the number for whom waivers were granted by the Secretary under section 1112(a)(2) of ANGCRRA, together with the reason for each waiver.
(4) The number of officers who were commissioned as distinguished Reserve Officers Training Corps graduates and were released from active duty before the completion of their active-duty service obligation and, of those officers
(A) the number who are serving the remaining period of their active-duty service obligation as a member of the Selected Reserve pursuant to section 1112(a)(1) of ANGCRRA; and
(B) the number for whom waivers were granted by the Secretary under section 1112(a)(2) of ANGCRRA, together with the reason for each waiver.
(5) The number of officers who are graduates of the Reserve Officers Training Corps program and who are performing their minimum period of obligated service in accordance with section 1112(b) of ANGCRRA by a combination of
(A)  two years of active duty, and
(B)  such additional period of service as is necessary to complete the remainder of such obligation served in the National Guard and, of those officers, the number for whom permission to perform their minimum period of obligated service in accordance with that section was granted during the preceding fiscal year.
(6) The number of officers for whom recommendations were made during the preceding fiscal year for a unit vacancy promotion to a grade above first lieutenant and, of those recommendations, the number and percentage that were concurred in by an active-duty officer under section 1113(a) of ANGCRRA, shown separately for each of the three categories of officers set forth in section 1113(b) of ANGCRRA.
(7) The number of waivers during the preceding fiscal year under section 1114(a) of ANGCRRA of any standard prescribed by the Secretary establishing a military education requirement for noncommissioned officers and the reason for each such waiver.
(8) The number and distribution by grade, shown for each State, of personnel in the initial entry training and nondeployability personnel accounting category established under section 1115 of ANGCRRA for members of the Army National Guard who have not completed the minimum training required for deployment or who are otherwise not available for deployment.
(9) The number of members of the Army National Guard, shown for each State, that were discharged during the previous fiscal year pursuant to section 1115(c)(1) of ANGCRRA for not completing the minimum training required for deployment within 24 months after entering the National Guard.
(10) The number of waivers, shown for each State, that were granted by the Secretary during the previous fiscal year under section 1115(c)(2) of ANGCRRA of the requirement in section 1115(c)(1) of ANGCRRA described in paragraph (9), together with the reason for each waiver.
(11) The number of members, shown for each State, who were screened during the preceding fiscal year to determine whether they meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment and, of those members
(A) the number and percentage who did not meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment; and
(B) the number and percentage who were transferred pursuant to section 1116 of ANGCRRA to the personnel accounting category described in paragraph (8).
(12) The number of members, and the percentage of the total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each State, who underwent a medical screening during the previous fiscal year as provided in section 1117 of ANGCRRA.
(13) The number of members, and the percentage of the total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each State, who underwent a dental screening during the previous fiscal year as provided in section 1117 of ANGCRRA.
(14) The number of members, and the percentage of the total membership, of the Army National Guard, shown for each State, over the age of 40 who underwent a full physical examination during the previous fiscal year for purposes of section 1117 of ANGCRRA.
(15) The number of units of the Army National Guard that are scheduled for early deployment in the event of a mobilization and, of those units, the number that are dentally ready for deployment in accordance with section 1118 of ANGCRRA.
(16) The estimated post-mobilization training time for each Army National Guard combat unit, and a description, displayed in broad categories and by State, of what training would need to be accomplished for Army National Guard combat units in a post-mobilization period for purposes of section 1119 of ANGCRRA.
(17) A description of the measures taken during the preceding fiscal year to comply with the requirement in section 1120 of ANGCRRA to expand the use of simulations, simulators, and advanced training devices and technologies for members and units of the Army National Guard.
(18) Summary tables of unit readiness, shown for each State, and drawn from the unit readiness rating system as required by section 1121 of ANGCRRA, including the personnel readiness rating information and the equipment readiness assessment information required by that section, together with
(A) explanations of the information shown in the table; and
(B) based on the information shown in the tables, the Secretarys overall assessment of the deployability of units of the Army National Guard, including a discussion of personnel deficiencies and equipment shortfalls in accordance with such section 1121.
(19) Summary tables, shown for each State, of the results of inspections of units of the Army National Guard by inspectors general or other commissioned officers of the Regular Army under the provisions of section 105 of title 32, together with explanations of the information shown in the tables, and including display of
(A) the number of such inspections;
(B) identification of the entity conducting each inspection;
(C) the number of units inspected; and
(D) the overall results of such inspections, including the inspectors determination for each inspected unit of whether the unit met deployability standards and, for those units not meeting deployability standards, the reasons for such failure and the status of corrective actions.
(20) A listing, for each Army National Guard combat unit, of the active-duty combat unit associated with that Army National Guard unit in accordance with section 1131(a) of ANGCRRA, shown by State and to be accompanied, for each such National Guard unit, by
(A) the assessment of the commander of that associated active-duty unit of the manpower, equipment, and training resource requirements of that National Guard unit in accordance with section 1131(b)(3) of ANGCRRA; and
(B) the results of the validation by the commander of that associated active-duty unit of the compatibility of that National Guard unit with active duty forces in accordance with section 1131(b)(4) of ANGCRRA.
(21) A specification of the active-duty personnel assigned to units of the Selected Reserve pursuant to section 414(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (10 U.S.C. 12001 note ), shown
(A)  by State,
(B)  by rank of officers, warrant officers, and enlisted members assigned, and
(C)  by unit or other organizational entity of assignment.

10 USC 10543 - National Guard and reserve component equipment procurement and military construction funding: inclusion in future-years defense program

(a) In General.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall specify in each future-years defense program submitted to Congress under section 221 of this title the estimated expenditures and the proposed appropriations, for each fiscal year of the period covered by that program, for the procurement of equipment and for military construction for each of the reserve components of the armed forces.
(b) Associated Annexes.— 
The associated annexes of the future-years defense program shall specify, at the same level of detail as is set forth in the annexes for the active components, the amount requested for
(1) procurement of each item of equipment to be procured for each reserve component; and
(2) each military construction project to be carried out for each reserve component, together with the location of the project.
(c) Report.— 

(1) If the aggregate of the amounts specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) for a fiscal year is less than the amount equal to 90 percent of the average authorized amount applicable for that fiscal year under paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report specifying for each reserve component the additional items of equipment that would be procured, and the additional military construction projects that would be carried out, if that aggregate amount were an amount equal to such average authorized amount. The report shall be at the same level of detail as is required by subsection (b).
(2) In this subsection, the term average authorized amount, with respect to a fiscal year, means the average of
(A) the aggregate of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the preceding fiscal year for the procurement of items of equipment, and for military construction, for the reserve components; and
(B) the aggregate of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year referred to in subparagraph (A) for the procurement of items of equipment, and for military construction, for the reserve components.
(3) A report required under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year shall be submitted not later than 15 days after the date on which the President submits to Congress the budget for such fiscal year under section 1105 (a) of title 31.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - PART II - PERSONNEL GENERALLY

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1201 - AUTHORIZED STRENGTHS AND DISTRIBUTION IN GRADE

10 USC 12001 - Authorized strengths: reserve components

(a) Whenever the authorized strength of a reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) is not prescribed by law, it shall be prescribed by the President.
(b) Subject to the authorized strength of the reserve component concerned, the authorized strength of each reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) in members in each grade is that which the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary to provide for mobilization requirements. The Secretary shall review these determinations at least once each year and revise them if he considers it necessary. However, a member of the reserve component concerned may not, as a result of such a determination, be reduced in the members reserve grade without the members consent.

10 USC 12002 - Authorized strengths: Army and Air Force reserve components, exclusive of members on active duty

(a) The authorized strengths of the National Guard and the reserve components of the Army and the Air Force, exclusive of members who are included in the strengths authorized for members of the Army and Air Force, respectively, on active duty, are as follows: Army National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United States 600,000 Army Reserve 980,000 Air National Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States 150,000 Air Force Reserve 500,000.
(b) The strength authorized by this section for the Army National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United States, and the strength authorized by this section for the Air National Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States, shall be allocated among the States.

10 USC 12003 - Authorized strengths: commissioned officers in an active status

(a) The authorized strengths of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps in reserve commissioned officers, other than commissioned warrant officers and officers on an active-duty list, in an active status are as follows: Army 275,000 Air Force 200,000 Navy 150,000 Marine Corps 24,500.
(b) The authorized strengths prescribed by subsection (a) may not be exceeded unless
(1) the Secretary concerned determines that a greater number is necessary for planned mobilization requirements; or
(2) the excess results directly from the operation of a nondiscretionary provision of law.

10 USC 12004 - Strength in grade: reserve general and flag officers in an active status

(a) The authorized strengths of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps in reserve general officers in an active status, and the authorized strength of the Navy in reserve officers in the grades of rear admiral (lower half) and rear admiral in an active status, are as follows: Army 207 Air Force 157 Navy 48 Marine Corps 10.
(b) The following Army and Air Force reserve officers shall not be counted for purposes of this section:
(1) Those serving as adjutants general or assistant adjutants general of a State.
(2) Those serving in the National Guard Bureau.
(3) Those counted under section 526 of this title.
(4) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the armed force concerned by subsection (a).
(c) 
(1) The following Navy reserve officers shall not be counted for purposes of this section:
(A) Those counted under section 526 of this title.
(B) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the Navy in subsection (a).
(2) Of the number of Navy reserve officers authorized by subsection (a), 40 are distributed among the line and staff corps as follows: Line 33 Medical Department staff corps 5 Chaplain Corps 1 Judge Advocate Generals Corps 1
(3) The remaining authorizations for the Navy under subsection (a) shall be distributed among such other staff corps as are established by the Secretary of the Navy under the authority provided by section 5150 (b) of this title, except that
(A) if the Secretary has established a Supply Corps, the authorized strength for the Supply Corps shall be six; and
(B) if the Secretary has established a Civil Engineering Corps, the authorized strength for the Civil Engineering Corps shall be two.
(4) Not more than 50 percent of the officers in an active status authorized under this section for the Navy may serve in the grade of rear admiral.
(5) 
(A) For the purposes of paragraph (1), the Medical Department staff corps referred to in the table are as follows:
(i) The Medical Corps.
(ii) The Dental Corps.
(iii) The Nurse Corps.
(iv) The Medical Service Corps.
(B) Each of the Medical Department staff corps is authorized one rear admiral (lower half) within the strength authorization distributed to the Medical Department staff corps under paragraph (1). The Secretary of the Navy shall distribute the remainder of the strength authorization for the Medical Department staff corps under that paragraph among those staff corps as the Secretary determines appropriate to meet the needs of the Navy.
(d) The following Marine Corps reserve officers shall not be counted for purposes of this section:
(1) Those counted under section 526 of this title.
(2) Those serving in a joint duty assignment for purposes of chapter 38 of this title, except that the number of officers who may be excluded under this paragraph may not exceed the number equal to 20 percent of the number of officers authorized for the Marine Corps in subsection (a).
(e) 
(1) A reserve general officer of the Army or Air Force may not be reduced in grade because of a reduction in the number of general officers authorized under subsection (a).
(2) An officer of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve may not be reduced in permanent grade because of a reduction in the number authorized by this section for his grade.

10 USC 12005 - Strength in grade: commissioned officers in grades below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) in an active status

(a) 
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the authorized strength of the Army and the Air Force in reserve commissioned officers in an active status in each grade named in paragraph (2) is as prescribed by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, respectively. A vacancy in any grade may be filled by an authorized appointment in any lower grade.
(2) A strength prescribed by the Secretary concerned under paragraph (1) for a grade may not be higher than the percentage of the strength authorized for the Army or the Air Force, as the case may be, under section 12003 of this title that is specified for that grade as follows:
(3) Medical officers and dental officers shall not be counted for the purposes of this subsection.
(b) 
(1) The authorized strengths of the Navy Reserve in line officers in an active status in the grades of captain, commander, lieutenant commander, and lieutenant, and in the grades of lieutenant (junior grade) and ensign combined, are the following percentages of the total authorized number of those officers:
(2) When the actual number of line officers in an active status in any grade is less than the number authorized by paragraph (1) for that grade, the difference may be applied to increase the number authorized by that paragraph for any lower grade or grades.
(c) 
(1) The authorized strengths of the Marine Corps Reserve in officers in an active status in the grades of colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, and captain, and in the grades of first lieutenant and second lieutenant combined, are the following percentages of the total authorized number of those officers:
(2) When the actual number of officers in an active status in any grade is less than the number authorized by paragraph (1) for that grade, the difference may be applied to increase the number authorized by that paragraph for any lower grade or grades.
(d) 
(1) An officer of the Army or Air Force may not be reduced in grade because of a reduction in the number of commissioned officers authorized for the officers grade under this section.
(2) An officer of the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve may not be reduced in permanent grade because of a reduction in the number authorized by this section for his grade.

10 USC 12006 - Strength limitations: authority to waive in time of war or national emergency

(a) In time of war, or of national emergency declared by Congress or the President, the President may suspend the operation of any provision of section 12003, 12004, or 12005 of this title. So long as any such war or national emergency continues, any such suspension may be extended by the President.
(b) Any suspension under subsection (a) shall, if not sooner ended, end on the last day of the two-year period beginning on the date on which the suspension (or the last extension thereof) takes effect or on the last day of the one-year period beginning on the date of the termination of the war or national emergency, whichever occurs first. With respect to the end of any such suspension, the preceding sentence supersedes the provisions of title II of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1621, 1622) which provide that powers or authorities exercised by reason of a national emergency shall cease to be exercised after the date of termination of the emergency.

10 USC 12007 - Reserve officers of the Army: distribution

The Secretary of the Army shall distribute the number of reserve commissioned officers, other than commissioned warrant officers, authorized in each commissioned grade between those assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units and those not assigned to such units. The Secretary shall distribute the number who are assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units among the units of each reserve component by prescribing appropriate tables of organization and tables of distribution. The Secretary shall distribute the number who are not assigned to such units between
(1) each special branch; and
(2) all other branches taken together.

10 USC 12008 - Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: warrant officers

The Secretary of the Army may prescribe the authorized strength of the Army Reserve in warrant officers. The Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe the authorized strength of the Air Force Reserve in warrant officers.

10 USC 12009 - Army and Air Force reserve components: temporary increases

(a) The authorized strength in any reserve grade, as prescribed under this chapter, for any reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force is automatically increased to the minimum extent necessary to give effect to each appointment made in that grade under section 1211 (a), 3036, 14304 (b), 14314, or 14317 of this title.
(b) An authorized strength so increased is increased for no other purpose. While an officer holds that grade, the officer whose appointment caused the increase is counted for the purpose of determining when other appointments, not under those sections, may be made in that grade.

10 USC 12010 - Computations for Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve: rule when fraction occurs in final result

When there is a fraction in the final result of any computation under this chapter for the Navy Reserve or the Marine Corps Reserve, a fraction of one-half or more is counted as one, and a fraction of less than one-half is disregarded.

10 USC 12011 - Authorized strengths: reserve officers on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard

(a) Limitations.— 

(1) Of the total number of members of a reserve component who are serving on full-time reserve component duty at the end of any fiscal year, the number of those members who may be serving in each of the grades of major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed the number determined in accordance with the following table:
(2) Of the total number of members of the Navy Reserve who are serving on full-time reserve component duty at the end of any fiscal year, the number of those members who may be serving in each of the grades of lieutenant commander, commander, and captain may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed the number determined in accordance with the following table:
(b) Determinations by Interpolation.— 
If the total number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is between any two consecutive numbers in the first column of the appropriate table in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), the corresponding authorized strengths for each of the grades shown in that table for that component are determined by mathematical interpolation between the respective numbers of the two strengths. If the total number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is more or less than the highest or lowest number, respectively, set forth in the first column of the appropriate table in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall fix the corresponding strengths for the grades shown in that table at the same proportion as is reflected in the nearest limit shown in the table.
(c) Reallocations to Lower Grades.— 
Whenever the number of officers serving in any grade for duty described in subsection (a) is less than the number authorized for that grade under this section, the difference between the two numbers may be applied to increase the number authorized under this section for any lower grade.
(d) Secretarial Waiver.— 

(1) Upon determining that it is in the national interest to do so, the Secretary of Defense may increase for a particular fiscal year the number of reserve officers that may be on full-time reserve component duty for a reserve component in a grade referred to in a table in subsection (a) by a number that does not exceed the number equal to 5 percent of the maximum number specified for the grade in that table.
(2) Whenever the Secretary exercises the authority provided in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives notice in writing of the adjustment made.
(e) Full-Time Reserve Component Duty Defined.— 
In this section, the term full-time reserve component duty means the following duty:
(1) Active duty described in sections 10211, 10302, 10303, 10304, 10305, 12310, or 12402 of this title.
(2) Full-time National Guard duty (other than for training) under section 502 (f) of title 32, except for duty under section 115 (b)(1)(B) and (C) of this title and section 115 (i)(9) of this title.
(3) Active duty described in section 708 of title 32.

10 USC 12012 - Authorized strengths: senior enlisted members on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard

(a) Limitations.— 
Of the total number of members of a reserve component who are serving on full-time reserve component duty at the end of any fiscal year, the number of those members in each of pay grades of E8 and E9 who may be serving on active duty under section 10211 or 12310, or on full-time National Guard duty under the authority of section 502 (f) of title 32 (other than for training) in connection with organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components or the National Guard may not, as of the end of that fiscal year, exceed the number determined in accordance with the following table:
(b) Determinations by Interpolation.— 
If the total number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is between any two consecutive numbers in the first column of the table in subsection (a), the corresponding authorized strengths for each of the grades shown in that table for that component are determined by mathematical interpolation between the respective numbers of the two strengths. If the total number of members of a reserve component serving on full-time reserve component duty is more or less than the highest or lowest number, respectively, set forth in the first column of the table in subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall fix the corresponding strengths for the grades shown in the table at the same proportion as is reflected in the nearest limit shown in the table.
(c) Reallocations to Lower Grade.— 
Whenever the number of members serving in pay grade E9 for duty described in subsection (a) is less than the number authorized for that grade under this section, the difference between the two numbers may be applied to increase the number authorized under this section for pay grade E8.
(d) Secretarial Waiver.— 

(1) Upon determining that it is in the national interest to do so, the Secretary of Defense may increase for a particular fiscal year the number of reserve enlisted members that may be on active duty or full-time National Guard duty as described in subsection (a) for a reserve component in a pay grade referred to in a table in subsection (a) by a number that does not exceed the number equal to 5 percent of the maximum number specified for that grade and reserve component in the table.
(2) Whenever the Secretary exercises the authority provided in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives notice in writing of the adjustment made.
(e) Full-Time Reserve Component Duty Defined.— 
In this section, the term full-time reserve component duty has the meaning given the term in section 12011 (e) of this title.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1203 - ENLISTED MEMBERS

10 USC 12101 - Definition

In this chapter, the term enlistment means original enlistment or reenlistment.

10 USC 12102 - Reserve components: qualifications

(a) To become an enlisted member of a reserve component a person must be enlisted as a Reserve of an armed force and subscribe to the oath prescribed by section 502 of this title, or be transferred to that component according to law. In addition, to become an enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, he must meet the requirements of section 12107 of this title.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned shall prescribe physical, mental, moral, professional, and age qualifications for the enlistment of persons as Reserves of the armed forces under his jurisdiction. However, no person may be enlisted as a Reserve unless
(1) he is a citizen of the United States or has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or
(2) he has previously served in the armed forces or in the National Security Training Corps.
(c) A person who is otherwise qualified, but who has a physical defect that the Secretary concerned determines will not interfere with the performance of the duties to which that person may be assigned, may be enlisted as a Reserve of any armed force under the jurisdiction of that Secretary.

10 USC 12103 - Reserve components: terms

(a) Except as otherwise prescribed by law, enlistments as Reserves are for terms prescribed by the Secretary concerned. However, an enlistment that is in effect at the beginning of a war or of a national emergency declared by Congress, or entered into during such a war or emergency, and that would otherwise expire, continues in effect until the expiration of six months after the end of that war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by the Secretary concerned.
(b) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a person who is qualified for enlistment for active duty in an armed force, and who is not under orders to report for induction into an armed force under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.), may be enlisted as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve, for a term of not less than six years nor more than eight years. Each person enlisted under this subsection shall serve
(1) on active duty for a period of not less than two years; and
(2) the rest of his period of enlistment as a member of the Ready Reserve.
(c) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress the term of service of an enlisted member transferred to a reserve component according to law, that would otherwise expire, continues until the expiration of six months after the end of that war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by the Secretary concerned.
(d) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a non-prior-service person who is qualified for induction for active duty in an armed force and who is not under orders to report for induction into an armed force under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.), except as provided in section 6(c)(2)(A)(ii) and (iii) of such Act, may be enlisted in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, or as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve, for a term of not less than six years nor more than eight years. Each person enlisted under this subsection shall perform an initial period of active duty for training of not less than twelve weeks to commence insofar as practicable within one year after the date of that enlistment.

10 USC 12104 - Reserve components: transfers

(a) A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred to a reserve component under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be enlisted in any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be enlisted as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the total period of service required of him under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once.
(b) A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is so enlisted or in any other armed force in which he is later enlisted or appointed.
(c) This section does not change any term of service under an appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force.

10 USC 12105 - Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve: transfer from Guard components

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary concerned may prescribe
(1) an enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to the Army Reserve; and
(2) an enlisted member of the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to the Air Force Reserve.
(b) Upon such a transfer, the member transferred is eligible for promotion to the highest regular or reserve grade ever held by him in the Army, if transferred under subsection (a)(1), or the Air Force, if transferred under subsection (a)(2), if his service has been honorable.
(c) A transfer under this section may only be made with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned.

10 USC 12106 - Army and Air Force Reserve: transfer to upon withdrawal as member of National Guard

(a) An enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the United States who ceases to be a member of the Army National Guard becomes a member of the Army Reserve unless he is also discharged from his enlistment as a Reserve.
(b) An enlisted member of the Air National Guard of the United States who ceases to be a member of the Air National Guard becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve unless he is also discharged from his enlistment as a Reserve.
(c) An enlisted member who becomes a member of the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve under this section ceases to be a member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, as the case may be.

10 USC 12107 - Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United States: enlistment in

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), to become an enlisted member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, a person must
(1) be enlisted in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be;
(2) subscribe to the oath set forth in section 304 of title 32; and
(3) be a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be, in the grade in which he is to be enlisted as a Reserve.
(b) 
(1) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, a person who enlists in the Army National Guard, or whose term of enlistment in the Army National Guard is extended, shall be concurrently enlisted, or his term of enlistment shall be concurrently extended, as the case may be, as a Reserve of the Army for service in the Army National Guard of the United States.
(2) Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, a person who enlists in the Air National Guard, or whose term of enlistment in the Air National Guard is extended, shall be concurrently enlisted, or his term of enlistment shall be concurrently extended, as the case may be, as a Reserve of the Air Force for service in the Air National Guard of the United States.
(c) 
(1) A member of the Army Reserve who enlists in the Army National Guard in his reserve grade, and is a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Army National Guard, becomes a member of the Army National Guard of the United States and ceases to be a member of the Army Reserve.
(2) A member of the Air Force Reserve who enlists in the Air National Guard in his reserve grade, and is a member of a federally recognized unit or organization of the Air National Guard, becomes a member of the Air National Guard of the United States and ceases to be a member of the Air Force Reserve.

10 USC 12108 - Enlisted members: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age

Each reserve enlisted member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is in an active status and has reached the maximum years of service or age prescribed by the Secretary concerned shall
(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the member is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or
(2) be discharged if the member is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1205 - APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS

10 USC 12201 - Reserve officers: qualifications for appointment

(a) 
(1) To become an officer of a reserve component a person must be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force in a grade corresponding to a grade authorized for the regular component of the armed force concerned and, except as provided in paragraph (2), subscribe to the oath prescribed by section 3331 of title 5. In addition, to become an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, he must first be appointed to, and be federally recognized in, the same grade in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be.
(2) An officer transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to a reserve active-status list of an armed force under section 647 of this title is not required to subscribe to the oath referred to in paragraph (1) in order to qualify for an appointment under that paragraph.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned shall prescribe physical, mental, moral, professional, and age qualifications for the appointment of persons as Reserves of the armed forces under his jurisdiction. However, no person may be appointed as a Reserve unless he is at least 18 years of age and
(1) he is a citizen of the United States or has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or
(2) he has previously served in the armed forces or in the National Security Training Corps.
(c) A person who is otherwise qualified, but who has a physical defect that the Secretary concerned determines will not interfere with the performance of the duties to which that person may be assigned, may be appointed as a Reserve of any armed force under the jurisdiction of that Secretary.
(d) In prescribing age qualifications under subsection (b) for the appointment of persons as Reserves of the armed forces under his jurisdiction, the Secretary concerned may not prescribe a maximum age qualification of less than 47 years of age for the initial appointment of a person as a Reserve to serve in a health profession specialty which has been designated by the Secretary concerned as a specialty critically needed in wartime.

10 USC 12202 - Commissioned officer grades

Except for commissioned warrant officers, the reserve commissioned officer grades in each armed force are those authorized for regular commissioned officers of that armed force.

10 USC 12203 - Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; term

(a) Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades above lieutenant colonel and commander or below, except commissioned warrant officer, shall be made by the President alone. Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades above lieutenant colonel and commander shall be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, except as provided in section 624, 12213, or 12214 of this title.
(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President, the Secretary concerned may appoint as a reserve commissioned officer any regular officer transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to the reserve active-status list of a reserve component under section 647 of this title, notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (a).
(c) Appointments of Reserves in commissioned grades are for an indefinite term and are held during the pleasure of the President.

10 USC 12204 - Commissioned officers: original appointment; limitation

(a) No person may be appointed as a Reserve in a commissioned grade above major or lieutenant commander, unless
(1) he was formerly a commissioned officer of an armed force; or
(2) such an appointment is recommended by a board of officers convened by the Secretary concerned.
(b) This section does not apply to adjutants general and assistant adjutants general of the several States, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia.

10 USC 12205 - Commissioned officers: appointment; educational requirement

(a) In General.— 
No person may be appointed to a grade above the grade of first lieutenant in the Army Reserve, Air Force Reserve, or Marine Corps Reserve or to a grade above the grade of lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy Reserve, or be federally recognized in a grade above the grade of first lieutenant as a member of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard, unless that person has been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying educational institution.
(b) Exceptions.— 
Subsection (a) does not apply to the following:
(1) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of a person who is appointed in or assigned for service in a health profession for which a baccalaureate degree is not a condition of original appointment or assignment.
(2) The appointment in the Navy Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve of a person appointed for service as an officer designated as a limited duty officer.
(3) The appointment in the Navy Reserve of a person appointed for service under the Naval Aviation Cadet (NAVCAD) program or the Seaman to Admiral program.
(4) The appointment to or recognition in a higher grade of any person who was appointed to, or federally recognized in, the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant before October 1, 1995.
(5) Recognition in the grade of captain or major in the Alaska Army National Guard of a person who resides permanently at a location in Alaska that is more than 50 miles from each of the cities of Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau, Alaska, by paved road and who is serving in a Scout unit or a Scout supporting unit.
(c) Qualifying Educational Institutions.— 

(1) A qualifying educational institution for purposes of this section is an educational institution that is accredited or that meets the requirements of paragraph (2).
(2) 
(A) An unaccredited educational institution shall be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of the appointment or recognition of a person who is a graduate of that institution if the Secretary concerned determines that (as of the year of the graduation of that person from that institution) at least three educational institutions that are accredited and that maintain Reserve Officers Training Corps programs each generally grant baccalaureate degree credit for completion of courses of the unaccredited institution equivalent to the baccalaureate degree credit granted by the unaccredited institution for the completion of those courses.
(B) In order to assist the Secretary concerned in making determinations under subparagraph (A), any unaccredited institution that seeks to be considered to be a qualifying educational institution for purposes of this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary of Defense each year such information as the Secretary may require concerning the program of instruction at that institution.
(C) In the case of a person with a degree from an unaccredited institution that is a qualifying educational institution under this paragraph, the degree may not have been awarded more than eight years before the date on which the person is to be appointed to, or recognized in, the grade of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant, in order for that person to be considered for purposes of subsection (a) to have been awarded a baccalaureate degree by a qualifying educational institution.
(d) Waiver Authority for Army OCS Graduates and Certain Marine Corps Officers.— 

(1) The Secretary of the Army may waive the applicability of subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Army as a Reserve officer is through the Army Officer Candidate School program.
(2) The Secretary of the Navy may waive the applicability of subsection (a) to any officer whose original appointment in the Marine Corps as a Reserve officer is through the Marine Corps meritorious commissioning program.
(3) Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual circumstances of the officer involved, and may continue in effect for no more than two years after the waiver is granted. The Secretary concerned may provide for such a waiver to be effective before the date of the waiver, as appropriate in an individual case.

10 USC 12206 - Commissioned officers: appointment of former commissioned officers

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a person who is a former commissioned officer may, if otherwise qualified, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps. A person so appointed
(1) may be placed on the reserve active-status list of that armed force in the grade equivalent to the permanent regular or reserve grade, and in the same competitive category, in which the person previously served satisfactorily on active duty or in an active status; and
(2) may be credited for the purpose of determining date of rank under section 741 (d) of this title with service in grade equal to that held by that person when discharged or separated.

10 USC 12207 - Commissioned officers: service credit upon original appointment

(a) 
(1) For the purpose of determining the grade and the rank within grade of a person receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) in the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, the person shall be credited at the time of the appointment with any commissioned service (other than service as a commissioned warrant officer) performed before such appointment as a regular officer, or as a reserve officer in an active status, in any armed force, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the Public Health Service.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations, which shall apply uniformly among the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, to authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to limit the amount of prior commissioned service with which a person receiving an original appointment may be credited under paragraph (1), or to deny any such credit, in the case of a person who at the time of such appointment is credited with constructive service under subsection (b).
(b) 
(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a person who is receiving an original appointment as a reserve commissioned officer (other than a commissioned warrant officer) of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or a designation in, or an assignment to, an officer category in which advanced education or training is required and who has advanced education or training, shall be credited with constructive service for such education, training, or experience, as follows:
(A) One year for each year of advanced education beyond the baccalaureate degree level, for persons appointed or designated in, or assigned to, officer categories requiring such advanced education or an advanced degree as a prerequisite for such appointment, designation, or assignment. In determining the number of years of constructive service to be credited under this subparagraph to officers in any professional field, the Secretary concerned shall credit an officer with, but with not more than, the number of years of advanced education required by a majority of institutions that award degrees in that professional field for completion of the advanced education or award of the advanced degree.
(B) 
(i) Credit for any period of advanced education in a health profession (other than medicine and dentistry) beyond the baccalaureate degree level which exceeds the basic education criteria for such appointment, designation, or assignment, if such advanced education will be directly used by the armed force concerned.
(ii) Credit for experience in a health profession (other than medicine or dentistry), if such experience will be directly used by the armed force concerned.
(C) Additional credit of
(i)  not more than one year for internship or equivalent graduate medical, dental, or other formal health professional training required by the armed forces, and
(ii)  not more than one year for each additional year of such graduate-level training or experience creditable toward certification in a speciality required by the armed force concerned.
(D) Additional credit, in unusual cases, based on special experience in a particular field.
(E) Additional credit for experience as a physician or dentist, if appointed, assigned, or designated as a medical or dental officer.
(2) 
(A) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of officers in a health profession described in subparagraph (B) who are serving in an active status in a reserve component of the Army, Navy, or Air Force in grades below major or lieutenant commander is critically below the number needed in such health profession by such reserve component in such grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment as an officer for service in such health profession with a period of constructive credit in such amount (in addition to any amount credited such person under paragraph (1)) as will result in the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant.
(B) The types of health professions referred to in subparagraph (A) include the following:
(i) Any health profession performed by officers in the Medical Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a medical officer.
(ii) Any health profession performed by officers in the Dental Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a dental officer.
(iii) Any health profession performed by officers in the Medical Service Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a medical service officer or biomedical sciences officer.
(iv) Any health profession performed by officers in the Army Medical Specialist Corps.
(v) Any health profession performed by officers of the Nurse Corps of the Army or the Navy or by officers of the Air Force designated as a nurse.
(vi) Any health profession performed by officers in the Veterinary Corps of the Army or by officers designated as a veterinary officer.
(3) Except as authorized by the Secretary concerned in individual cases and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense in the case of officers covered by paragraph (2), the amount of constructive service credited an officer under this subsection may not exceed the amount required in order for the officer to be eligible for an original appointment as a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major or as a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of lieutenant commander.
(4) Constructive service credited an officer under this subsection is in addition to any service credited that officer under subsection (a) and shall be credited at the time of the original appointment of the officer or assignment to or designation in an officer category in which advanced education or training or special experience is required.
(c) Constructive service may not be credited under subsection (b) for education, training, or experience obtained while serving as a commissioned officer (other than a warrant officer) on active duty or in an active status. However, in the case of an officer who completes advanced education or receives an advanced degree while on active duty or in an active status and in less than the number of years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree, constructive service may, subject to regulations prescribed under subsection (a)(2), be credited to the officer under subsection (b)(1)(A) to the extent that the number of years normally required to complete such advanced education or receive such advanced degree exceeds the actual number of years in which such advanced education or degree is obtained by the officer.
(d) If the Secretary of Defense determines that the number of qualified judge advocates serving on the active-duty list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in grades below lieutenant commander or major is critically below the number needed by that armed force in those grades, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of the military department concerned to credit any person who is receiving an original appointment with a view to assignment to the Judge Advocate Generals Corps of the Army or appointment to the Judge Advocate Generals Corps of the Navy, or who is receiving an original appointment in the Air Force or Marine Corps with a view to designation as a judge advocate, with a period of constructive service in such an amount (in addition to any amount credited such person under subsection (b)) as will result in the grade of such person being that of captain or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant, and the date of rank of such person being junior to that of all other officers of the same grade serving on the active-duty list.
(e) Constructive service credited an officer under subsection (b) or (d) shall be used only for determining the officers
(1) initial grade as a reserve officer;
(2) rank in grade; and
(3) service in grade for promotion eligibility.
(f) The grade and position on the reserve active-status list of a person receiving an appointment as a reserve officer who at the time of appointment is credited with service under this section shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense based upon the amount of service credited.

10 USC 12208 - Officers: appointment upon transfer

(a) A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred to a reserve component under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be appointed as an officer of any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the total period of service required of him under section 651 of this title or under the Military Selective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once.
(b) A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is so appointed or in any other armed force in which he is later appointed or enlisted.
(c) This section does not change any term of service under an appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force.

10 USC 12209 - Officer candidates: enlisted Reserves

(a) Within such numbers as the Secretary concerned may prescribe, enlisted Reserves may, with their consent, be selected for training as officer candidates. Enlisted Reserves so selected shall be designated as officer candidates during that training. However, no member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may be so selected or designated unless
(1) he is on active duty; or
(2) the governor or other appropriate authority of the jurisdiction concerned consents.
(b) The enlistment or term of service of a Reserve who is designated as an officer candidate under this section is extended to include any period, beyond its normal expiration date, during which he is an officer candidate.
(c) While he is on active duty, other than active duty for training without pay, or performing authorized travel to and from that duty, an officer candidate designated under this section is entitled to the pay and allowances of his enlisted grade, but not less than those prescribed for pay grade E2.
(d) An officer candidate designated under this section may not participate in the program of a reserve officer training corps of any armed force.

10 USC 12210 - Attending Physician to the Congress: reserve grade

While serving as Attending Physician to the Congress, a Reserve holds the reserve grade of major general or rear admiral, as appropriate.

10 USC 12211 - Officers: Army National Guard of the United States

(a) Upon being federally recognized, an officer of the Army National Guard shall be appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Army National Guard. However, an officer of the Army Reserve who is federally recognized as an officer of the Army National Guard becomes an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States and ceases to be an officer of the Army Reserve. The acceptance of an appointment as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States by an officer of the Army National Guard does not vacate his office in the Army National Guard.
(b) When an officer of the Army National Guard to whom temporary Federal recognition has been extended is appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States, his appointment shall bear the date of the temporary recognition and shall be considered to have been accepted and effective on that date.
(c) When the Army National Guard of the United States is ordered to active duty, any officer of the Army National Guard who is not a Reserve of the Army may be appointed by the President as a Reserve for service as a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Army National Guard.

10 USC 12212 - Officers: Air National Guard of the United States

(a) Upon being federally recognized, an officer of the Air National Guard shall be appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Air National Guard. However, an officer of the Air Force Reserve who is federally recognized as an officer of the Air National Guard becomes an officer of the Air National Guard of the United States and ceases to be an officer of the Air Force Reserve. The acceptance of an appointment as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States by an officer of the Air National Guard does not vacate his office in the Air National Guard.
(b) When an officer of the Air National Guard to whom temporary Federal recognition has been extended is appointed as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States, his appointment shall bear the date of the temporary recognition and shall be considered to have been accepted and effective on that date.
(c) When the Air National Guard of the United States is ordered to active duty, any officer of the Air National Guard who is not a Reserve of the Air Force may be appointed by the President as a Reserve for service as a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in the grade that he holds in the Air National Guard.

10 USC 12213 - Officers; Army Reserve: transfer from Army National Guard of the United States

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Army may prescribe, and with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned, an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to the Army Reserve.
(b) Unless discharged from his appointment as a Reserve, an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States whose Federal recognition as a member of the Army National Guard is withdrawn becomes a member of the Army Reserve. An officer who so becomes a member of the Army Reserve ceases to be a member of the Army National Guard of the United States.

10 USC 12214 - Officers; Air Force Reserve: transfer from Air National Guard of the United States

(a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe, and with the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned, an officer of the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred in grade to the Air Force Reserve.
(b) Unless discharged from his appointment as a Reserve, an officer of the Air National Guard of the United States whose Federal recognition as a member of the Air National Guard is withdrawn becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve. An officer who so becomes a member of the Air Force Reserve ceases to be a member of the Air National Guard of the United States.

10 USC 12215 - Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant adjutants general

(a) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Army National Guard of a State may, upon being extended Federal recognition, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army as of the date on which he is so recognized.
(b) The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Air National Guard of a State may be appointed in the reserve commissioned grade in which Federal recognition in the Air National Guard is extended to him.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1207 - WARRANT OFFICERS

10 USC 12241 - Warrant officers: grades; appointment, how made; term

(a) The permanent reserve warrant officer grades in each armed force are those prescribed for regular warrant officers by section 571 (a) of this title.
(b) Appointments made in the permanent reserve grade of warrant officer, W1, shall be made by warrant by the Secretary concerned. Appointments made in a permanent reserve grade of chief warrant officer shall be made by commission by the Secretary concerned.
(c) Appointments as Reserves in permanent warrant officer grades are for an indefinite term and are held during the pleasure of the Secretary concerned.

10 USC 12242 - Warrant officers: promotion

The promotion of permanent reserve warrant officers not on the warrant officer active-duty list to permanent reserve warrant officer grades shall be governed by such regulations as the Secretary concerned may prescribe.

10 USC 12243 - Warrant officers: suspension of laws for promotion or mandatory retirement or separation during war or emergency

In time of war, or of emergency declared after May 29, 1954, by Congress or the President, the President may suspend the operation of any provision of law relating to promotion, or mandatory retirement or separation, of permanent reserve warrant officers of any armed force.

10 USC 12244 - Warrant officers: discharge or retirement for years of service or for age

Each reserve warrant officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is in an active status and has reached the maximum years of service or age prescribed by the Secretary concerned shall
(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the warrant officer is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or
(2) be discharged if the warrant officer is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1209 - ACTIVE DUTY

10 USC 12301 - Reserve components generally

(a) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress, or when otherwise authorized by law, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the consent of the persons affected, order any unit, and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit, of a reserve component under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for the duration of the war or emergency and for six months thereafter. However a member on an inactive status list or in a retired status may not be ordered to active duty under this subsection unless the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in the case of the Secretary of a military department, determines that there are not enough qualified Reserves in an active status or in the inactive National Guard in the required category who are readily available.
(b) At any time, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the consent of the persons affected, order any unit, and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit, in an active status in a reserve component under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for not more than 15 days a year. However, units and members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may not be ordered to active duty under this subsection without the consent of the governor of the State (or, in the case of the District of Columbia National Guard, the commanding general of the District of Columbia National Guard).
(c) So far as practicable, during any expansion of the active armed forces that requires that units and members of the reserve components be ordered to active duty as provided in subsection (a), members of units organized and trained to serve as units who are ordered to that duty without their consent shall be so ordered with their units. However, members of those units may be reassigned after being so ordered to active duty.
(d) At any time, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may order a member of a reserve component under his jurisdiction to active duty, or retain him on active duty, with the consent of that member. However, a member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may not be ordered to active duty under this subsection without the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned.
(e) The period of time allowed between the date when a Reserve ordered to active duty as provided in subsection (a) is alerted for that duty and the date when the Reserve is required to enter upon that duty shall be determined by the Secretary concerned based upon military requirements at that time.
(f) The consent of a Governor described in subsections (b) and (d) may not be withheld (in whole or in part) with regard to active duty outside the United States, its territories, and its possessions, because of any objection to the location, purpose, type, or schedule of such active duty.
(g) 
(1) A member of a reserve component may be ordered to active duty without his consent if the Secretary concerned determines that the member is in a captive status. A member ordered to active duty under this section may not be retained on active duty, without his consent, for more than 30 days after his captive status is terminated.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. Such regulations shall apply uniformly among the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. A determination for the purposes of this subsection that a member is in a captive status shall be made pursuant to such regulations.
(3) In this section, the term captive status means the status of a member of the armed forces who is in a missing status (as defined in section 551 (2) of title 37) which occurs as the result of a hostile action and is related to the members military status.
(h) 
(1) When authorized by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department may, with the consent of the member, order a member of a reserve component to active duty
(A) to receive authorized medical care;
(B) to be medically evaluated for disability or other purposes; or
(C) to complete a required Department of Defense health care study, which may include an associated medical evaluation of the member.
(2) A member ordered to active duty under this subsection may, with the members consent, be retained on active duty, if the Secretary concerned considers it appropriate, for medical treatment for a condition associated with the study or evaluation, if that treatment of the member is otherwise authorized by law.
(3) A member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may be ordered to active duty under this subsection only with the consent of the Governor or other appropriate authority of the State concerned.

10 USC 12302 - Ready Reserve

(a) In time of national emergency declared by the President after January 1, 1953, or when otherwise authorized by law, an authority designated by the Secretary concerned may, without the consent of the persons concerned, order any unit, and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit, in the Ready Reserve under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to active duty for not more than 24 consecutive months.
(b) To achieve fair treatment as between members in the Ready Reserve who are being considered for recall to duty without their consent, consideration shall be given to
(1) the length and nature of previous service, to assure such sharing of exposure to hazards as the national security and military requirements will reasonably allow;
(2) family responsibilities; and
(3) employment necessary to maintain the national health, safety, or interest.

The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such policies and procedures as he considers necessary to carry out this subsection. He shall report on those policies and procedures at least once a year to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

(c) Not more than 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve may be on active duty, without their consent, under this section at any one time.

10 USC 12303 - Ready Reserve: members not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily in, units

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may order to active duty any member of the Ready Reserve of an armed force who
(1) is not assigned to, or participating satisfactorily in, a unit of the Ready Reserve;
(2) has not fulfilled his statutory reserve obligation; and
(3) has not served on active duty for a total of 24 months.
(b) A member who is ordered to active duty under this section may be required to serve on active duty until his total service on active duty equals 24 months. If his enlistment or other period of military service would expire before he has served the required period under this section, it may be extended until he has served the required period.
(c) To achieve fair treatment among members of the Ready Reserve who are being considered for active duty under this section, appropriate consideration shall be given to
(1) family responsibilities; and
(2) employment necessary to maintain the national health, safety, or interest.

10 USC 12304 - Selected Reserve and certain Individual Ready Reserve members; order to active duty other than during war or national emergency

(a) Authority.— 
Notwithstanding the provisions of section 12302 (a) or any other provision of law, when the President determines that it is necessary to augment the active forces for any operational mission or that it is necessary to provide assistance referred to in subsection (b), he may authorize the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, without the consent of the members concerned, to order any unit, and any member not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit of the Selected Reserve (as defined in section 10143 (a) of this title), or any member in the Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category and designated as essential under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, under their respective jurisdictions, to active duty for not more than 365 days.
(b) Support for Responses to Certain Emergencies.— 
The authority under subsection (a) includes authority to order a unit or member to active duty to provide assistance in responding to an emergency involving
(1) a use or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction; or
(2) a terrorist attack or threatened terrorist attack in the United States that results, or could result, in significant loss of life or property.
(c) Limitations.— 

(1) No unit or member of a reserve component may be ordered to active duty under this section to perform any of the functions authorized by chapter 15 or section 12406 of this title or, except as provided in subsection (b), to provide assistance to either the Federal Government or a State in time of a serious natural or manmade disaster, accident, or catastrophe.
(2) Not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve and the Individual Ready Reserve may be on active duty under this section at any one time, of whom not more than 30,000 may be members of the Individual Ready Reserve.
(3) No unit or member of a reserve component may be ordered to active duty under this section to provide assistance referred to in subsection (b) unless the President determines that the requirements for responding to an emergency referred to in that subsection have exceeded, or will exceed, the response capabilities of local, State, and Federal civilian agencies.
(d) Exclusion From Strength Limitations.— 
Members ordered to active duty under this section shall not be counted in computing authorized strength in members on active duty or members in grade under this title or any other law.
(e) Policies and Procedures.— 
The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall prescribe such policies and procedures for the armed forces under their respective jurisdictions as they consider necessary to carry out this section.
(f) Notification of Congress.— 
Whenever the President authorizes the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland Security to order any unit or member of the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve to active duty, under the authority of subsection (a), he shall, within 24 hours after exercising such authority, submit to Congress a report, in writing, setting forth the circumstances necessitating the action taken under this section and describing the anticipated use of these units or members.
(g) Termination of Duty.— 
Whenever any unit of the Selected Reserve or any member of the Selected Reserve not assigned to a unit organized to serve as a unit, or any member of the Individual Ready Reserve, is ordered to active duty under authority of subsection (a), the service of all units or members so ordered to active duty may be terminated by
(1) order of the President, or
(2) law.
(h) Relationship to War Powers Resolution.— 
Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as amending or limiting the application of the provisions of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.).
(i) Considerations for Involuntary Order to Active Duty.— 

(1) In determining which members of the Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve will be ordered to duty without their consent under this section, appropriate consideration shall be given to
(A) the length and nature of previous service, to assure such sharing of exposure to hazards as the national security and military requirements will reasonably allow;
(B) the frequency of assignments during service career;
(C) family responsibilities; and
(D) employment necessary to maintain the national health, safety, or interest.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such policies and procedures as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out this subsection.
(j) Definitions.— 
In this section:
(1) The term Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category means, in the case of any reserve component, the category of the Individual Ready Reserve described in section 10144 (b) of this title.
(2) The term weapon of mass destruction has the meaning given that term in section 1403 of the Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 2302 (1)).

10 USC 12305 - Authority of President to suspend certain laws relating to promotion, retirement, and separation

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during any period members of a reserve component are serving on active duty pursuant to an order to active duty under authority of section 12301, 12302, or 12304 of this title, the President may suspend any provision of law relating to promotion, retirement, or separation applicable to any member of the armed forces who the President determines is essential to the national security of the United States.
(b) A suspension made under the authority of subsection (a) shall terminate
(1)  upon release from active duty of members of the reserve component ordered to active duty under the authority of section 12301, 12302, or 12304 of this title, as the case may be, or
(2)  at such time as the President determines the circumstances which required the action of ordering members of the reserve component to active duty no longer exist, whichever is earlier.
(c) Upon the termination of a suspension made under the authority of subsection (a) of a provision of law otherwise requiring the separation or retirement of officers on active duty because of age, length of service or length of service in grade, or failure of selection for promotion, the Secretary concerned shall extend by up to 90 days the otherwise required separation or retirement date of any officer covered by the suspended provision whose separation or retirement date, but for the suspension, would have been before the date of the termination of the suspension or within 90 days after the date of such termination.

10 USC 12306 - Standby Reserve

(a) Units and members in the Standby Reserve may be ordered to active duty only as provided in section 12301 of this title, but subject to the limitations in subsection (b).
(b) In time of emergency
(1) no unit in the Standby Reserve organized to serve as a unit or any member thereof may be ordered to active duty under section 12301 (a) of this title, unless the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in the case of a Secretary of a military department, determines that there are not enough of the required kinds of units in the Ready Reserve that are readily available; and
(2) notwithstanding section 12301 (a) of this title, no other member in the Standby Reserve may be ordered to active duty as an individual under such section without his consent, unless the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in the case of a Secretary of a military department, determines that there are not enough qualified members in the Ready Reserve in the required category who are readily available.

10 USC 12307 - Retired Reserve

A member in the Retired Reserve may, if qualified, be ordered to active duty without his consent, but only as provided in section 688 or 12301 (a) of this title. A member of the Retired Reserve (other than a member transferred to the Retired Reserve under section 12641 (b) of this title) who is ordered to active duty or other appropriate duty in a retired status may be credited under chapter 1223 of this title with service performed pursuant to such order. A member in a retired status is not eligible for promotion (or for consideration for promotion) as a Reserve.

10 USC 12308 - Retention after becoming qualified for retired pay

Any person who has qualified for retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title may, with his consent and by order of the Secretary concerned, be retained on active duty, or in service in a reserve component other than that listed in section 12732 (b) of this title. A member so retained shall be credited with that service for all purposes.

10 USC 12309 - Reserve officers: use of in expansion of armed forces

When an expansion of the active armed forces requires that officers of the reserve components who are not members of units organized to serve as such be ordered as individuals to active duty (other than for training) without their consent, the services of qualified and available reserve officers in all grades shall be used, so far as practicable, according to the needs of the branches, grades, or specialties concerned.

10 USC 12310 - Reserves: for organizing, administering, etc., reserve components

(a) Authority.— 

(1) The Secretary concerned may order a member of a reserve component under the Secretarys jurisdiction to active duty pursuant to section 12301 (d) of this title to perform Active Guard and Reserve duty organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components.
(2) A Reserve ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) shall be ordered in the Reserves reserve grade. While so serving, the Reserve continues to be eligible for promotion as a Reserve, if otherwise qualified.
(b) Duties.— 
A Reserve on active duty under subsection (a) may perform the following additional duties to the extent that the performance of those duties does not interfere with the performance of the Reserves primary Active Guard and Reserve duties described in subsection (a)(1):
(1) Supporting operations or missions assigned in whole or in part to the reserve components.
(2) Supporting operations or missions performed or to be performed by
(A) a unit composed of elements from more than one component of the same armed force; or
(B) a joint forces unit that includes
(i) one or more reserve component units; or
(ii) a member of a reserve component whose reserve component assignment is in a position in an element of the joint forces unit.
(3) Advising the Secretary of Defense, the Secretaries of the military departments, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the commanders of the combatant commands regarding reserve component matters.
(4) Instructing or training in the United States or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or possessions of the United States of
(A) active-duty members of the armed forces;
(B) members of foreign military forces (under the same authorities and restrictions applicable to active-duty members providing such instruction or training);
(C) Department of Defense contractor personnel; or
(D) Department of Defense civilian employees.
(c) Operations Relating to Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorist Attacks.— 

(1) Notwithstanding subsection (b), a Reserve on active duty as described in subsection (a), or a Reserve who is a member of the National Guard serving on full-time National Guard duty under section 502 (f) of title 32 in connection with functions referred to in subsection (a), may, subject to paragraph (3), perform duties in support of emergency preparedness programs to prepare for or to respond to any emergency involving any of the following:
(A) The use or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction (as defined in section 12304 (i)(2)1 of this title) in the United States.
(B) A terrorist attack or threatened terrorist attack in the United States that results, or could result, in catastrophic loss of life or property.
(C) The intentional or unintentional release of nuclear, biological, radiological, or toxic or poisonous chemical materials in the United States that results, or could result, in catastrophic loss of life or property.
(D) A natural or manmade disaster in the United States that results in, or could result in, catastrophic loss of life or property.
(2) The costs of the pay, allowances, clothing, subsistence, gratuities, travel, and related expenses for a Reserve performing duties under the authority of paragraph (1) shall be paid from the appropriation that is available to pay such costs for other members of the reserve component of that Reserve who are performing duties as described in subsection (a).
(3) A Reserve may perform duty described in paragraph (1) only while assigned to a reserve component weapons of mass destruction civil support team.
(4) Reserves on active duty who are performing duties described in paragraph (1) shall be counted against the annual end strength authorizations required by section 115 (a)(1)(B) and 115 (a)(2) of this title. The justification material for the defense budget request for a fiscal year shall identify the number and component of the Reserves programmed to be performing duties described in paragraph (1) during that fiscal year.
(5) A reserve component weapons of mass destruction civil support team, and any Reserve assigned to such a team, may not be used to respond to an emergency described in paragraph (1) unless the Secretary of Defense has certified to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives that that team, or that Reserve, possesses the requisite skills, training, and equipment to be proficient in all mission requirements.
(6) If the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress any request for the enactment of legislation to modify the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (3), the Secretary shall provide with the request
(A) justification for each such requested modification; and
(B) the Secretarys plan for sustaining the qualifications of the personnel and teams described in paragraph (3).
(7) In this subsection, the term United States includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
(d) Training.— 
A Reserve on active duty as described in subsection (a) may be provided training consistent with training provided to other members on active duty, as the Secretary concerned sees fit.
[1] So in original. Probably should be section “12304(j)(2)”.

10 USC 12311 - Active duty agreements

(a) To provide definite terms of active duty (other than for training) for Reserves with their consent, the Secretary concerned may make a standard written agreement with any member of a reserve component under his jurisdiction requiring the member to serve for a period of active duty (other than for training) of not more than five years. When such an agreement expires, a new one may be made. This subsection does not apply in time of war declared by Congress.
(b) An agreement may not be made under subsection (a) unless the specified period of duty is at least 12 months longer than any period of active duty that the member is otherwise required to perform.
(c) Agreements made under subsection (a) shall be uniform so far as practicable, and are subject to such standards and policies as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for the armed forces under his jurisdiction or by the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy.
(d) If an agreement made under subsection (a) expires during a war or during a national emergency declared by Congress or the President after January 1, 1953, the Reserve concerned may be kept on active duty, without his consent, as otherwise prescribed by law.

10 USC 12312 - Active duty agreements: release from duty

(a) Each agreement made under section 12311 (a) of this title shall provide that the member may not be released from active duty without his consent during the period of the agreement
(1) because of a reduction in the actual personnel strength of the armed force concerned, unless the release is in accordance with the recommendation of a board of officers appointed by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned to determine the members to be released from active duty under regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or
(2) for any other reason, without an opportunity to be heard by a board of officers before the release, unless he is
(A)  dismissed or discharged under the sentence of a court-martial,
(B)  released because of an unexplained absence without leave for at least three months,
(C)  released because he is convicted and sentenced to confinement in a Federal or State penitentiary or correctional institution and the sentence has become final, or
(D)  released because he has been considered at least twice and has not been recommended for promotion to the next higher grade or because he is considered as having failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade and has not been recommended for promotion to that grade, under conditions that would require the release or separation of a reserve officer who is not serving under such an agreement.
(b) A member who is released from active duty without his consent before the end of his agreement made under section 12311 (a) of this title is entitled to an amount computed by multiplying the number of years and fractions of a year of his unexpired period of service under the agreement by the sum of one months basic pay, special pay, and allowances to which he is entitled on the day of his release. The amount to which a member is entitled under this subsection is in addition to any pay and allowances to which he is otherwise entitled. For the purposes of this subsection, a fraction of a month of 15 days or more is counted as a whole month, and a fraction of a month of less than 15 days is disregarded. This subsection does not apply to a member if he is
(1) released for a reason described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(C);
(2) released because of a physical disability resulting from his intentional misconduct or wilful neglect;
(3) eligible for retired pay, separation pay, or severance pay under another provision of law;
(4) placed on a temporary disability retired list; or
(5) released to accept an appointment, or to be enlisted, in a regular component of an armed force.

10 USC 12313 - Reserves: release from active duty

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, the Secretary concerned may at any time release a Reserve under his jurisdiction from active duty.
(b) In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress or the President after January 1, 1953, a member of a reserve component may be released from active duty (other than for training) only if
(1) a board of officers convened at his request by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned recommends the release and the recommendation is approved;
(2) the member does not request that a board be convened; or
(3) his release is otherwise authorized by law.

This subsection does not apply to an armed force during a period of demobilization or reduction in strength of that armed force.

10 USC 12314 - Reserves: kinds of duty

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a member of a reserve component who is on active duty other than for training may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, be detailed or assigned to any duty authorized by law for members of the regular component of the armed force concerned.

10 USC 12315 - Reserves: duty with or without pay

(a) Subject to other provisions of this title, any Reserve may be ordered to active duty or other duty
(1) with the pay and allowances provided by law; or
(2) with his consent, without pay.

Duty without pay shall be considered for all purposes as if it were duty with pay.

(b) A Reserve who is kept on active duty after his term of service expires is entitled to pay and allowances while on that duty, except as they may be forfeited under the approved sentence of a court-martial or by non-judicial punishment by a commanding officer or when he is otherwise in a non-pay status.

10 USC 12316 - Payment of certain Reserves while on duty

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b), a Reserve of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard who because of his earlier military service is entitled to a pension, retired or retainer pay, or disability compensation, and who performs duty for which he is entitled to compensation, may elect to receive for that duty either
(1) the payments to which he is entitled because of his earlier military service; or
(2) if he specifically waives those payments, the pay and allowances authorized by law for the duty that he is performing.
(b) Unless the payments because of his earlier military service are greater than the compensation prescribed by subsection (a)(2), a Reserve of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard who because of his earlier military service is entitled to a pension, retired or retainer pay, or disability compensation, and who upon being ordered to active duty for a period of more than 30 days in time of war or national emergency is found physically qualified to perform that duty, ceases to be entitled to the payments because of his earlier military service until the period of active duty ends. While on that active duty, he is entitled to the compensation prescribed by subsection (a)(2). Other rights and benefits of the member or his dependents are unaffected by this subsection.

10 USC 12317 - Reserves: theological students; limitations

A Reserve may not be required to serve on active duty, or to participate in inactive duty training, while preparing for the ministry in a recognized theological or divinity school.

10 USC 12318 - Reserves on active duty: duties; funding

(a) During a period that members of a reserve component are serving on active duty pursuant to an order under section 12302 or 12304 of this title, members of reserve components serving on active duty may perform duties in connection with either such section.
(b) Funds available for the pay and allowances of Reserves referred to section 12310 of this title shall be available for the pay and allowances of such Reserves who perform duties in connection with section 12302 or 12304 of this title under the authority of subsection (a).

10 USC 12319 - Ready Reserve: muster duty

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a member of the Ready Reserve may be ordered without his consent to muster duty one time each year. A member ordered to muster duty under this section shall be required to perform a minimum of two hours of muster duty on the day of muster.
(b) The period which a member may be required to devote to muster duty under this section, including round-trip travel to and from the location of that duty, may not total more than one day each calendar year.
(c) Except as specified in subsection (d), muster duty (and travel directly to and from that duty) under this section shall be treated as the equivalent of inactive-duty training (and travel directly to and from that training) for the purposes of this title and the provisions of title 37 (other than section 206 (a)) and title 38, including provisions relating to the determination of eligibility for and the receipt of benefits and entitlements provided under those titles for Reserves performing inactive-duty training and for their dependents and survivors.
(d) Muster duty under this section shall not be credited in determining entitlement to, or in computing, retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title.

10 USC 12320 - Reserve officers: grade in which ordered to active duty

A reserve officer who is ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty shall be ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty in his reserve grade, except that a reserve officer who is credited with service under section 12207 of this title and is ordered to active duty and placed on the active-duty list may be ordered to active duty in a reserve grade and with a date of rank and position on the active-duty list determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense based upon the amount of service credited.

10 USC 12321 - Reserve Officer Training Corps units: limitation on number of Reserves assigned

The number of members of the reserve components serving on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components who are assigned to duty with a unit of the Reserve Officer Training Corps program may not exceed 275.

10 USC 12322 - Active duty for health care

A member of a uniformed service described in paragraph (1)(B) or (2)(B) of section 1074a (a) of this title may be ordered to active duty, and a member of a uniformed service described in paragraph (1)(A) or (2)(A) of such section may be continued on active duty, for a period of more than 30 days while the member is being treated for (or recovering from) an injury, illness, or disease incurred or aggravated in the line of duty as described in any of such paragraphs.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1211 - NATIONAL GUARD MEMBERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE

10 USC 12401 - Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status

Members of the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States are not in active Federal service except when ordered thereto under law.

10 USC 12402 - Army and Air National Guard of the United States: commissioned officers; duty in National Guard Bureau

(a) The President may, with their consent, order commissioned officers of the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States to active duty in the National Guard Bureau.
(b) 
(1) The number of officers of the Army National Guard of the United States in grades below brigadier general who are ordered to active duty in the National Guard Bureau may not be more than 40 percent of the number of officers of the Army authorized for duty in that Bureau and, to the extent practicable, shall not exceed 40 percent of the number of officers of the Army serving in that Bureau in any grade below brigadier general.
(2) The number of officers of the Air National Guard of the United States in grades below brigadier general who are ordered to active duty in the National Guard Bureau may not be more than 40 percent of the number of officers of the Air Force authorized for duty in that Bureau and, to the extent practicable, shall not exceed 40 percent of the number of officers of the Air Force serving in that Bureau in any grade below brigadier general.

10 USC 12403 - Army and Air National Guard of the United States: members; status in which ordered into Federal service

Members of the Army National Guard of the United States ordered to active duty shall be ordered to duty as Reserves of the Army. Members of the Air National Guard of the United States ordered to active duty shall be ordered to duty as Reserves of the Air Force.

10 USC 12404 - Army and Air National Guard of the United States: mobilization; maintenance of organization

During an initial mobilization, the organization of a unit of the Army National Guard of the United States or of the Air National Guard of the United States ordered into active Federal service shall, so far as practicable, be maintained as it existed on the date of the order to duty.

10 USC 12405 - National Guard in Federal service: status

Members of the National Guard called into Federal service are, from the time when they are required to respond to the call, subject to the laws and regulations governing the Army or the Air Force, as the case may be, except those applicable only to members of the Regular Army or Regular Air Force, as the case may be.

10 USC 12406 - National Guard in Federal service: call

Whenever
(1) the United States, or any of the Commonwealths or possessions, is invaded or is in danger of invasion by a foreign nation;
(2) there is a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States; or
(3) the President is unable with the regular forces to execute the laws of the United States;

the President may call into Federal service members and units of the National Guard of any State in such numbers as he considers necessary to repel the invasion, suppress the rebellion, or execute those laws. Orders for these purposes shall be issued through the governors of the States or, in the case of the District of Columbia, through the commanding general of the National Guard of the District of Columbia.

10 USC 12407 - National Guard in Federal service: period of service; apportionment

(a) Whenever the President calls the National Guard of a State into Federal service, he may specify in the call the period of the service. Members and units called shall serve inside or outside the territory of the United States during the term specified, unless sooner relieved by the President. However, no member of the National Guard may be kept in Federal service beyond the term of his commission or enlistment.
(b) When the National Guard of a State is called into Federal service with the National Guard of another State, the President may apportion the total number called from the Army National Guard or from the Air National Guard, as the case may be, on the basis of the populations of the States affected by the call.

10 USC 12408 - National Guard in Federal service: physical examination

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the President, each member of the National Guard called into Federal service under section 12301 (a), 12302, or 12304 of this title shall be examined as to physical fitness, without further commission or enlistment.
(b) Immediately before such a member is mustered out of Federal service, he shall be examined as to physical fitness. The record of this examination shall be retained by the United States.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1213 - SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, ASSIGNMENTS, DETAILS, AND DUTIES

10 USC 12501 - Reserve components: detail of members of regular and reserve components to assist

The Secretary concerned shall detail such members of the regular and reserve components under his jurisdiction as are necessary to effectively develop, train, instruct, and administer those reserve components.

10 USC 12502 - Chief and assistant chief of staff of National Guard divisions and wings in Federal service: detail

(a) The President may detail a regular or reserve officer of the Army as chief of staff, and a regular or reserve officer or an officer of the Army National Guard as assistant to the chief of staff, of any division of the Army National Guard that is in Federal service as an Army National Guard organization.
(b) The President may detail a regular or reserve officer of the Air Force as chief of staff, and a regular or reserve officer or an officer of the Air National Guard as assistant to the chief of staff, of any wing of the Air National Guard that is in Federal service as an Air National Guard organization.

10 USC 12503 - Ready Reserve: funeral honors duty

(a) Order to Duty.— 
A member of the Ready Reserve may be ordered to funeral honors duty, with the consent of the member, in preparation for or to perform funeral honors functions at the funeral of a veteran as defined in section 1491 of this title. Performance of funeral honors duty by a Reserve not on active duty shall be treated as inactive-duty training (including with respect to travel to and from such duty) for purposes of any provision of law other than sections 206 and 435 of title 37.
(b) Service Credit.— 
A member ordered to funeral honors duty under this section shall be required to perform a minimum of two hours of such duty in order to receive
(1) service credit under section 12732 (a)(2)(E) of this title; and
(2) as directed by the Secretary concerned, either
(A) the allowance under section 435 of title 37; or
(B) compensation under section 206 of title 37.
(c) Reimbursable Expenses.— 
A member who performs funeral honors duty under this section may be reimbursed for travel and transportation expenses incurred in conjunction with such duty as authorized under chapter 7 of title 37 if such duty is performed at a location 50 miles or more from the members residence.
(d) Regulations.— 
The exercise of authority under subsection (a) is subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.
(e) Members of the National Guard.— 
This section does not apply to members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States. The performance of funeral honors duty by those members is provided for in section 115 of title 32.

10 USC 12505 - Repealed. Pub. L. 106398, 1 [[div. A], title V, 507(f)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A105]

Section, added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, 554(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 616, related to selection of officers for certain senior reserve component positions.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1214 - READY RESERVE MOBILIZATION INCOME INSURANCE

10 USC 12521 - Definitions

In this chapter:
(1) The term insurance program means the Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Program established under section 12522 of this title.
(2) The term covered service means active duty performed by a member of a reserve component under an order to active duty for a period of more than 30 days which specifies that the members service
(A) is in support of an operational mission for which members of the reserve components have been ordered to active duty without their consent; or
(B) is in support of forces activated during a period of war declared by Congress or a period of national emergency declared by the President or Congress.
(3) The term insured member means a member of the Ready Reserve who is enrolled for coverage under the insurance program in accordance with section 12524 of this title.
(4) The term Secretary means the Secretary of Defense.
(5) The term Department means the Department of Defense.
(6) The term Board of Actuaries means the Department of Defense Board of Actuaries under section 183 of this title.
(7) The term Fund means the Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund established by section 12528 (a) of this title.

10 USC 12522 - Establishment of insurance program

(a) Establishment.— 
The Secretary shall establish for members of the Ready Reserve (including the Coast Guard Reserve) an insurance program to be known as the Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Program.
(b) Administration.— 
The insurance program shall be administered by the Secretary. The Secretary may prescribe in regulations such rules, procedures, and policies as the Secretary considers necessary or appropriate to carry out the insurance program.
(c) Agreement With Secretary of Homeland Security.— 
The Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall enter into an agreement with respect to the administration of the insurance program for the Coast Guard Reserve.

10 USC 12523 - Risk insured

(a) In General.— 
The insurance program shall insure members of the Ready Reserve against the risk of being ordered into covered service.
(b) Entitlement to Benefits.— 

(1) An insured member ordered into covered service shall be entitled to payment of a benefit for each month (and fraction thereof) of covered service that exceeds 30 days of covered service, except that no member may be paid under the insurance program for more than 12 months of covered service served during any period of 18 consecutive months.
(2) Payment shall be based solely on the insured status of a member and on the period of covered service served by the member. Proof of loss of income or of expenses incurred as a result of covered service may not be required.

10 USC 12524 - Enrollment and election of benefits

(a) Enrollment.— 

(1) Except as provided in subsection (f), upon first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve, a member shall be automatically enrolled for coverage under the insurance program. An automatic enrollment of a member shall be void if within 60 days after first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve the member declines insurance under the program in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(2) Promptly after the insurance program is established, the Secretary shall offer to members of the reserve components who are then members of the Ready Reserve (other than members ineligible under subsection (f)) an opportunity to enroll for coverage under the insurance program. A member who fails to enroll within 60 days after being offered the opportunity shall be considered as having declined to be insured under the program.
(3) A member of the Ready Reserve ineligible to enroll under subsection (f) shall be afforded an opportunity to enroll upon being released from active duty in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary if the member has not previously had the opportunity to be enrolled under paragraph (1) or (2). A member who fails to enroll within 60 days after being afforded that opportunity shall be considered as having declined to be insured under the program.
(b) Election of Benefit Amount.— 
The amount of a members monthly benefit under an enrollment shall be the basic benefit under subsection (a) of section 12525 of this title unless the member elects a different benefit under subsection (b) of such section within 60 days after first becoming a member of the Ready Reserve or within 60 days after being offered the opportunity to enroll, as the case may be.
(c) Elections Irrevocable.— 

(1) An election to decline insurance pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) is irrevocable.
(2) The amount of coverage may not be increased after enrollment.
(d) Election To Terminate.— 
A member may terminate an enrollment at any time.
(e) Information To Be Furnished.— 
The Secretary shall ensure that members referred to in subsection (a) are given a written explanation of the insurance program and are advised that they have the right to decline to be insured and, if not declined, to elect coverage for a reduced benefit or an enhanced benefit under subsection (b).
(f) Members Ineligible To Enroll.— 
Members of the Ready Reserve serving on active duty (or full-time National Guard duty) are not eligible to enroll for coverage under the insurance program. The Secretary may define any additional category of members of the Ready Reserve to be excluded from eligibility to purchase insurance under this chapter.
(g) Members of Individual Ready Reserve.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, and pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary, a member of the Individual Ready Reserve who becomes a member of the Selected Reserve shall not be denied eligibility to purchase insurance under this chapter upon becoming a member of the Selected Reserve unless the member previously declined to enroll in the program of insurance under this chapter while a member of the Selected Reserve.

10 USC 12525 - Benefit amounts

(a) Basic Benefit.— 
The basic benefit for an insured member under the insurance program is $1,000 per month (as adjusted under subsection (d)).
(b) Reduced and Enhanced Benefits.— 
Under the regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a person enrolled for coverage under the insurance program may elect
(1) a reduced coverage benefit equal to one-half the amount of the basic benefit; or
(2) an enhanced benefit in the amount of $1,500, $2,000, $2,500, $3,000, $3,500, $4,000, $4,500, or $5,000 per month (as adjusted under subsection (d)).
(c) Amount for Partial Month.— 
The amount of insurance payable to an insured member for any period of covered service that is less than one month shall be determined by multiplying 1/30 of the monthly benefit rate for the member by the number of days of the covered service served by the member during such period.
(d) Adjustment of Amounts.— 

(1) The Secretary shall determine annually the effect of inflation on benefits and shall adjust the amounts set forth in subsections (a) and (b)(2) to maintain the constant dollar value of the benefit.
(2) If the amount of a benefit as adjusted under paragraph (1) is not evenly divisible by $10, the amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10, except that an amount evenly divisible by $5 but not by $10 shall be rounded to the next lower amount that is evenly divisible by $10.

10 USC 12526 - Premiums

(a) Establishment of Rates.— 

(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the Board of Actuaries, shall prescribe the premium rates for insurance under the insurance program.
(2) The Secretary shall prescribe a fixed premium rate for each $1,000 of monthly insurance benefit. The premium amount shall be equal to the share of the cost attributable to insuring the member and shall be the same for all members of the Ready Reserve who are insured under the insurance program for the same benefit amount. The Secretary shall prescribe the rate on the basis of the best available estimate of risk and financial exposure, levels of subscription by members, and other relevant factors.
(b) Level Premiums.— 
The premium rate prescribed for the first year of insurance coverage of an insured member shall be continued without change for subsequent years of insurance coverage, except that the Secretary, after consultation with the Board of Actuaries, may adjust the premium rate in order to fund inflation-adjusted benefit increases on an actuarially sound basis.

10 USC 12527 - Payment of premiums

(a) Methods of Payment.— 

(1) The monthly premium for coverage of a member of the Selected Reserve under the insurance program shall be deducted and withheld from the insured members pay for each month.
(2) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall prescribe regulations which specify the procedures for payment of premiums by members of the Individual Ready Reserve and other members who do not receive pay on a monthly basis.
(b) Advance Pay for Premium.— 
The Secretary concerned may advance to an insured member the amount equal to the first insurance premium payment due under this chapter. The advance may be paid out of appropriations for military pay. An advance to a member shall be collected from the member either by deducting and withholding the amount from basic pay payable for the member or by collecting it from the member directly. No disbursing or certifying officer shall be responsible for any loss resulting from an advance under this subsection.
(c) Premiums To Be Deposited in Fund.— 
Premium amounts deducted and withheld from the pay of insured members and premium amounts paid directly to the Secretary shall be credited monthly to the Fund.

10 USC 12528 - Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund

(a) Establishment.— 
There is established on the books of the Treasury a fund to be known as the Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Fund, which shall be administered by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Fund shall be used for the accumulation of funds in order to finance the liabilities of the insurance program on an actuarially sound basis.
(b) Assets of Fund.— 
There shall be deposited into the Fund the following:
(1) Premiums paid under section 12527 of this title.
(2) Any amount appropriated to the Fund.
(3) Any return on investment of the assets of the Fund.
(c) Availability.— 
Amounts in the Fund shall be available for paying insurance benefits under the insurance program.
(d) Investment of Assets of Fund.— 
The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest such portion of the Fund as is not in the judgment of the Secretary of Defense required to meet current liabilities. Such investments shall be in public debt securities with maturities suitable to the needs of the Fund, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, and bearing interest at rates determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities. The income on such investments shall be credited to the Fund.
(e) Annual Accounting.— 
At the beginning of each fiscal year, the Secretary, in consultation with the Board of Actuaries and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall determine the following:
(1) The projected amount of the premiums to be collected, investment earnings to be received, and any transfers or appropriations to be made for the Fund for that fiscal year.
(2) The amount for that fiscal year of any cumulative unfunded liability (including any negative amount or any gain to the Fund) resulting from payments of benefits.
(3) The amount for that fiscal year (including any negative amount) of any cumulative actuarial gain or loss to the Fund.

10 USC 12529 - Board of Actuaries

(a) Actuarial Responsibility.— 
The Board of Actuaries shall have the actuarial responsibility for the insurance program.
(b) Valuations and Premium Recommendations.— 
The Board of Actuaries shall carry out periodic actuarial valuations of the benefits under the insurance program and determine a premium rate methodology for the Secretary to use in setting premium rates for the insurance program. The Board shall conduct the first valuation and determine a premium rate methodology not later than six months after the insurance program is established.
(c) Effects of Changed Benefits.— 
If at the time of any actuarial valuation under subsection (b) there has been a change in benefits under the insurance program that has been made since the last such valuation and such change in benefits increases or decreases the present value of amounts payable from the Fund, the Board of Actuaries shall determine a premium rate methodology, and recommend to the Secretary a premium schedule, for the liquidation of any liability (or actuarial gain to the Fund) resulting from such change and any previous such changes so that the present value of the sum of the scheduled premium payments (or reduction in payments that would otherwise be made) equals the cumulative increase (or decrease) in the present value of such benefits.
(d) Actuarial Gains or Losses.— 
If at the time of any such valuation the Board of Actuaries determines that there has been an actuarial gain or loss to the Fund as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions since the last valuation or as a result of any differences, between actual and expected experience since the last valuation, the Board shall recommend to the Secretary a premium rate schedule for the amortization of the cumulative gain or loss to the Fund resulting from such changes in assumptions and any previous such changes in assumptions or from the differences in actual and expected experience, respectively, through an increase or decrease in the payments that would otherwise be made to the Fund.
(e) Insufficient Assets.— 
If at any time liabilities of the Fund exceed assets of the Fund as a result of members of the Ready Reserve being ordered to active duty as described in section 12521 (2) of this title, and funds are unavailable to pay benefits completely, the Secretary shall request the President to submit to Congress a request for a special appropriation to cover the unfunded liability. If appropriations are not made to cover an unfunded liability in any fiscal year, the Secretary shall reduce the amount of the benefits paid under the insurance program to a total amount that does not exceed the assets of the Fund expected to accrue by the end of such fiscal year. Benefits that cannot be paid because of such a reduction shall be deferred and may be paid only after and to the extent that additional funds become available.
(f) Definition of Present Value.— 
The Board of Actuaries shall define the term present value for purposes of this subsection.

10 USC 12530 - Payment of benefits

(a) Commencement of Payment.— 
An insured member who serves in excess of 30 days of covered service shall be paid the amount to which such member is entitled on a monthly basis beginning not later than one month after the 30th day of covered service.
(b) Method of Payment.— 
The Secretary shall prescribe in the regulations the manner in which payments shall be made to the member or to a person designated in accordance with subsection (c).
(c) Designated Recipients.— 

(1) A member may designate in writing another person (including a spouse, parent, or other person with an insurable interest, as determined in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to receive payments of insurance benefits under the insurance program.
(2) A member may direct that payments of insurance benefits for a person designated under paragraph (1) be deposited with a bank or other financial institution to the credit of the designated person.
(d) Recipients in Event of Death of Insured Member.— 
Any insurance payable under the insurance program on account of a deceased members period of covered service shall be paid, upon the establishment of a valid claim, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries which the deceased member designated in writing. If no such designation has been made, the amount shall be payable in accordance with the laws of the State of the members domicile.

10 USC 12531 - Purchase of insurance

(a) Purchase Authorized.— 
The Secretary may, instead of or in addition to underwriting the insurance program through the Fund, purchase from one or more insurance companies a policy or policies of group insurance in order to provide the benefits required under this chapter. The Secretary may waive any requirement for full and open competition in order to purchase an insurance policy under this subsection.
(b) Eligible Insurers.— 
In order to be eligible to sell insurance to the Secretary for purposes of subsection (a), an insurance company shall
(1) be licensed to issue insurance in each of the 50 States and in the District of Columbia; and
(2) as of the most recent December 31 for which information is available to the Secretary, have in effect at least one percent of the total amount of insurance that all such insurance companies have in effect in the United States.
(c) Administrative Provisions.— 

(1) An insurance company that issues a policy for purposes of subsection (a) shall establish an administrative office at a place and under a name designated by the Secretary.
(2) For the purposes of carrying out this chapter, the Secretary may use the facilities and services of any insurance company issuing any policy for purposes of subsection (a), may designate one such company as the representative of the other companies for such purposes, and may contract to pay a reasonable fee to the designated company for its services.
(d) Reinsurance.— 
The Secretary shall arrange with each insurance company issuing any policy for purposes of subsection (a) to reinsure, under conditions approved by the Secretary, portions of the total amount of the insurance under such policy or policies with such other insurance companies (which meet qualifying criteria prescribed by the Secretary) as may elect to participate in such reinsurance.
(e) Termination.— 
The Secretary may at any time terminate any policy purchased under this section.

10 USC 12532 - Termination for nonpayment of premiums; forfeiture

(a) Termination for Nonpayment.— 
The coverage of a member under the insurance program shall terminate without prior notice upon a failure of the member to make required monthly payments of premiums for two consecutive months. The Secretary may provide in the regulations for reinstatement of insurance coverage terminated under this subsection.
(b) Forfeiture.— 
Any person convicted of mutiny, treason, spying, or desertion, or who refuses to perform service in the armed forces or refuses to wear the uniform of any of the armed forces shall forfeit all rights to insurance under this chapter.

10 USC 12533 - Termination of program

(a) In General.— 
The Secretary shall terminate the insurance program in accordance with this section.
(b) Termination of New Enrollments.— 
The Secretary may not enroll a member of the Ready Reserve for coverage under the insurance program after November 18, 1997.
(c) Termination of Coverage.— 

(1) The enrollment under the insurance program of insured members other than insured members described in paragraph (2) is terminated as of November 18, 1997. The enrollment of an insured member described in paragraph (2) is terminated as of the date of the termination of the period of covered service of that member described in that paragraph.
(2) An insured member described in this paragraph is an insured member who on November 18, 1997, is serving on covered service for a period of service, or has been issued an order directing the performance of covered service, that satisfies or would satisfy the entitlement-to-benefits provisions of this chapter.
(d) Termination of Payment of Benefits.— 
The Secretary may not make any benefit payment under the insurance program after November 18, 1997, other than to an insured member who on that date
(1)  is serving on an order to covered service,
(2)  has been issued an order directing performance of covered service, or
(3)  has served on covered service before that date for which benefits under the program have not been paid to the member.
(e) Termination of Insurance Fund.— 
The Secretary shall close the Fund not later than 60 days after the date on which the last benefit payment from the Fund is made. Any amount remaining in the Fund when closed shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1215 - MISCELLANEOUS PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES

10 USC 12551 - Repealed. Pub. L. 107314, div. A, title V, 515(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2539]

Section, added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, 515(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1732, related to prohibition of use of Air Force Reserve AGR personnel for Air Force base security functions.

10 USC 12552 - Funeral honors functions at funerals for veterans

Performance by a Reserve of funeral honors functions at the funeral of a veteran (as defined in section 1491 (h) of this title) may not be considered to be a period of drill or training, but may be performed as funeral honors duty under section 12503 of this title.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1217 - MISCELLANEOUS RIGHTS AND BENEFITS

10 USC 12601 - Compensation: Reserve on active duty accepting from any person

Any Reserve who, before being ordered to active duty, was receiving compensation from any person may, while he is on that duty, receive compensation from that person.

10 USC 12602 - Members of Army National Guard of United States and Air National Guard of United States: credit for service as members of National Guard

(a) For the purposes of laws providing benefits for members of the Army National Guard of the United States and their dependents and beneficiaries
(1) military training, duty, or other service performed by a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in his status as a member of the Army National Guard for which he is entitled to pay from the United States shall be considered military training, duty, or other service, as the case may be, in Federal service as a Reserve of the Army;
(2) full-time National Guard duty performed by a member of the Army National Guard of the United States shall be considered active duty in Federal service as a Reserve of the Army; and
(3) inactive-duty training performed by a member of the Army National Guard of the United States in his status as a member of the Army National Guard, in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 502 of title 32 or other express provision of law, shall be considered inactive-duty training in Federal service as a Reserve of the Army.
(b) For the purposes of laws providing benefits for members of the Air National Guard of the United States and their dependents and beneficiaries
(1) military training, duty, or other service performed by a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in his status as a member of the Air National Guard for which he is entitled to pay from the United States shall be considered military training, duty, or other service, as the case may be, in Federal service as a Reserve of the Air Force;
(2) full-time National Guard duty performed by a member of the Air National Guard of the United States shall be considered active duty in Federal service as a Reserve of the Air Force; and
(3) inactive-duty training performed by a member of the Air National Guard of the United States in his status as a member of the Air National Guard, in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 502 of title 32 or other express provision of law, shall be considered inactive-duty training in Federal service as a Reserve of the Air Force.

10 USC 12603 - Attendance at inactive-duty training assemblies: commercial travel at Federal supply schedule rates

(a) Federal Supply Schedule Travel.— 
Commercial travel under Federal supply schedules is authorized for the travel of a Reserve to the location of inactive duty training to be performed by the Reserve and from that location upon completion of the training.
(b) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe in regulations such requirements, conditions, and restrictions for travel under the authority of subsection (a) as the Secretary considers appropriate. The regulations shall include policies and procedures for preventing abuses of that travel authority.
(c) Reimbursement Not Authorized.— 
A Reserve is not entitled to Government reimbursement for the cost of travel authorized under subsection (a).
(d) Treatment of Transportation as Use by Military Departments.— 
For the purposes of section 501 of title 40, travel authorized under subsection (a) shall be treated as transportation for the use of a military department.

10 USC 12604 - Billeting in Department of Defense facilities: Reserves attending inactive-duty training

(a) Authority for Billeting on Same Basis as Active Duty Members Traveling Under Orders.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations authorizing a Reserve traveling to inactive-duty training at a location more than 50 miles from that Reserves residence to be eligible for billeting in Department of Defense facilities on the same basis and to the same extent as a member of the armed forces on active duty who is traveling under orders away from the members permanent duty station.
(b) Proof of Reason for Travel.— 
The Secretary shall include in the regulations the means for confirming a Reserves eligibility for billeting under subsection (a).

10 USC 12605 - Presentation of United States flag: members transferred from an active status or discharged after completion of eligibility for retired pay

(a) Presentation of Flag.— 
Upon the transfer from an active status or discharge of a Reserve who has completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title, the Secretary concerned shall present a United States flag to the member.
(b) Multiple Presentations Not Authorized.— 
A member is not eligible for presentation of a flag under subsection (a) if the member has previously been presented a flag under this section or any provision of law providing for the presentation of a United States flag incident to release from active service for retirement.
(c) No Cost to Recipient.— 
The presentation of a flag under this section shall be at no cost to the recipient.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1219 - STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR RETENTION AND PROMOTION

10 USC 12641 - Standards and procedures: Secretary to prescribe

(a) The Secretary concerned shall, by regulation, prescribe
(1) standards and qualifications for the retention and promotion of members of the reserve components under his jurisdiction; and
(2) equitable procedures for the periodic determination of the compliance of each such Reserve with those standards and qualifications.
(b) If a Reserve fails to comply with the standards and qualifications prescribed under subsection (a), he shall
(1) if qualified, be transferred to an inactive reserve status;
(2) if qualified, be retired without pay; or
(3) have his appointment or enlistment terminated.

10 USC 12642 - Standards and qualifications: result of failure to comply with

(a) To be retained in an active status, a reserve commissioned officer must, in any applicable yearly period, attain the number of points under section 12732 (a)(2) of this title prescribed by the Secretary concerned, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense in the case of a Secretary of a military department, and must conform to such other standards and qualifications as the Secretary concerned may prescribe. The Secretary may not prescribe a minimum of more than 50 points under this subsection.
(b) Subject to section 12645 of this title, a reserve commissioned officer who fails to attain the number of points, or to conform to the standards and qualifications, prescribed in subsection (a) shall
(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if he is qualified and applies therefor;
(2) if he is not qualified or does not apply for transfer to the Retired Reserve, be transferred to an inactive status, if he is qualified therefor; or
(3) if he is not transferred to the Retired Reserve or an inactive status, be discharged from his reserve appointment.
(c) This section does not apply to commissioned warrant officers or to adjutants general or assistant adjutants general of States, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia.

10 USC 12643 - Boards for appointment, promotion, and certain other purposes: composition

(a) Except as provided in section 612 (a)(3) of this title and except for boards that may be convened to select Reserves for appointment in the Regular Army, Regular Navy, Regular Air Force, or Regular Marine Corps, each board convened for the appointment, promotion, demotion, involuntary release from active duty, discharge, or retirement of Reserves shall include at least one member of the Reserves, with the exact number of Reserves determined by the Secretary concerned in his discretion.
(b) Each member of a board convened for the selection for promotion, or for the demotion or discharge, of Reserves must be senior in rank to the persons under consideration by that board. However, a member serving in a legal advisory capacity may be junior in rank to any person, other than a judge advocate or law specialist, being considered by that board; and a member serving in a medical advisory capacity may be junior in rank to any person, other than a medical officer, being considered by that board.

10 USC 12644 - Members physically not qualified for active duty: discharge or transfer to retired status

Except as otherwise provided by law, the Secretary concerned may provide for the honorable discharge or the transfer to a retired status of members of the reserve components under his jurisdiction who are found to be not physically qualified for active duty. However, no member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may be transferred under this subsection without the consent of the governor or other appropriate authority of the jurisdiction concerned.

10 USC 12645 - Commissioned officers: retention until completion of required service

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), a reserve commissioned officer who has not completed the period of service required of him by section 651 of this title or any other provision of law may not be discharged or transferred from an active status under chapter 573, 1407, 1409, or 1411 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14. Unless, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, he is promoted to a higher reserve grade, he shall be retained in an active status in his reserve grade for the rest of his period of required service and shall be an additional number to the authorized strength of his grade.
(b) Subsection (a) does not prevent the discharge or transfer from an active status of
(1) a commissioned warrant officer;
(2) an officer on the active-duty list or a reserve active-status list who is found not qualified for promotion to the grade of first lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or lieutenant (junior grade), in the case of an officer of the Navy;
(3) an officer on the active-duty list or reserve active-status list who has failed of selection for promotion for the second time to the grade of captain, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or to the grade of lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Navy; or
(4) an officer whose discharge or transfer from an active status is required by law.

10 USC 12646 - Commissioned officers: retention of after completing 18 or more, but less than 20, years of service

(a) If on the date prescribed for the discharge or transfer from an active status of a reserve commissioned officer he is entitled to be credited with at least 18, but less than 19, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, he may not be discharged or transferred from an active status under chapter 573, 1407, or 1409 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14, without his consent before the earlier of the following dates
(1) the date on which he is entitled to be credited with 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this title; or
(2) the third anniversary of the date on which he would otherwise be discharged or transferred from an active status.
(b) If on the date prescribed for the discharge or transfer from an active status of a reserve commissioned officer he is entitled to be credited with at least 19, but less than 20, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, he may not be discharged or transferred from an active status under chapter 573, 1407, or 1409 of this title or chapter 21 of title 14, without his consent before the earlier of the following dates
(1) the date on which he is entitled to be credited with 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this title; or
(2) the second anniversary of the date on which he would otherwise be discharged or transferred from an active status.
(c) An officer who is retained in an active status under subsection (a) or (b) is an additional number to those otherwise authorized.
(d) Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to
(1) officers who are discharged or transferred from an active status for physical disability, for cause, or because they have reached the age at which transfer from an active status or discharge is required by law; or
(2) commissioned warrant officers.
(e) 
(1) A reserve commissioned officer on active duty (other than for training) or full-time National Guard duty (other than full-time National Guard duty for training only) who, on the date on which the officer would otherwise be removed from an active status under section 6389, 14513, or 14514 of this title or section 740 of title 14, is within two years of qualifying for retirement under section 3911, 6323, or 8911 of this title may, in the discretion of the Secretary concerned and subject to paragraph (2), be retained on that duty for a period of not more than two years.
(2) An officer may be retained on active duty or full-time National Guard duty under paragraph (1) only if
(A) at the end of the period for which the officer is retained the officer will be qualified for retirement under section 3911, 6323, or 8911 of this title; and
(B) the officer will not, before the end of that period, reach the age at which transfer from an active status or discharge is required by this title or title 14.
(3) An officer who is retained on active duty or full-time National Guard duty under this section may not be removed from an active status while on that duty.

10 USC 12647 - Commissioned officers: retention in active status while assigned to Selective Service System or serving as United States property and fiscal officers

Notwithstanding chapters 573, 1407, and 1409 of this title, a reserve commissioned officer, other than a commissioned warrant officer, who is assigned to the Selective Service System or who is a property and fiscal officer appointed, designated, or detailed under section 708 of title 32, may be retained in an active status in that assignment or position until he becomes 62 years of age.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1221 - SEPARATION

10 USC 12681 - Reserves: discharge authority

Subject to other provisions of this title, reserve commissioned officers may be discharged at the pleasure of the President. Other Reserves may be discharged under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned.

10 USC 12682 - Reserves: discharge upon becoming ordained minister of religion

Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a Reserve who becomes a regular or ordained minister of religion is entitled upon his request to a discharge from his reserve enlistment or appointment.

10 USC 12683 - Reserve officers: limitation on involuntary separation

(a) An officer of a reserve component who has at least five years of service as a commissioned officer may not be separated from that component without his consent except
(1) under an approved recommendation of a board of officers convened by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned; or
(2) by the approved sentence of a court-martial.
(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to any of the following:
(1) A separation under section 12684, 14901, or 14907 of this title.
(2) A dismissal under section 1161 (a) of this title.
(3) A transfer under section 12213, 12214, 14514, or 14515 of this title.
(4) A separation of an officer who is in an inactive status in the Standby Reserve and who is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or is qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve and does not apply for such a transfer.

10 USC 12684 - Reserves: separation for absence without authority or sentence to imprisonment

The President or the Secretary concerned may drop from the rolls of the armed force concerned any Reserve
(1) who has been absent without authority for at least three months;
(2) who may be separated under section 12687 of this title by reason of a sentence to confinement adjudged by a court-martial; or
(3) who is sentenced to confinement in a Federal or State penitentiary or correctional institution after having been found guilty of an offense by a court other than a court-martial or other military court, and whose sentence has become final.

10 USC 12685 - Reserves separated for cause: character of discharge

A member of a reserve component who is separated for cause, except under section 12684 of this title, is entitled to a discharge under honorable conditions unless
(1) the member is discharged under conditions other than honorable under an approved sentence of a court-martial or under the approved findings of a board of officers convened by an authority designated by the Secretary concerned; or
(2) the member consents to a discharge under conditions other than honorable with a waiver of proceedings of a court-martial or a board.

10 USC 12686 - Reserves on active duty within two years of retirement eligibility: limitation on release from active duty

(a) Limitation.— 
Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary concerned, which shall be as uniform as practicable, a member of a reserve component who is on active duty (other than for training) and is within two years of becoming eligible for retired pay or retainer pay under a purely military retirement system (other than the retirement system under chapter 1223 of this title), may not be involuntarily released from that duty before he becomes eligible for that pay, unless the release is approved by the Secretary.
(b) Waiver.— 
With respect to a member of a reserve component who is to be ordered to active duty (other than for training) under section 12301 of this title pursuant to an order to active duty that specifies a period of less than 180 days and who (but for this subsection) would be covered by subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may require, as a condition of such order to active duty, that the member waive the applicability of subsection (a) to the member for the period of active duty covered by that order. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary concerned may require that a waiver under the preceding sentence be executed before the period of active duty begins.

10 USC 12687 - Reserves under confinement by sentence of court-martial: separation after six months confinement

Except as otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a Reserve sentenced by a court-martial to a period of confinement for more than six months may be separated from that Reserves armed force at any time after the sentence to confinement has become final under chapter 47 of this title and the Reserve has served in confinement for a period of six months.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1223 - RETIRED PAY FOR NON-REGULAR SERVICE

10 USC 12731 - Age and service requirements

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), a person is entitled, upon application, to retired pay computed under section 12739 of this title, if the person
(1) has attained the eligibility age applicable under subsection (f) to that person;
(2) has performed at least 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this title;
(3) in the case of a person who completed the service requirements of paragraph (2) before April 25, 2005, performed the last six years of qualifying service while a member of any category named in section 12732 (a)(1) of this title, but not while a member of a regular component, the Fleet Reserve, or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, except that in the case of a person who completed the service requirements of paragraph (2) before October 5, 1994, the number of years of such qualifying service under this paragraph shall be eight; and
(4) is not entitled, under any other provision of law, to retired pay from an armed force or retainer pay as a member of the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.
(b) Application for retired pay under this section must be made to the Secretary of the military department, or the Secretary of Homeland Security, as the case may be, having jurisdiction at the time of application over the armed force in which the applicant is serving or last served.
(c) 
(1) A person who, before August 16, 1945, was a Reserve of an armed force, or a member of the Army without component or other category covered by section 12732 (a)(1) of this title except a regular component, is not eligible for retired pay under this chapter unless
(A) the person performed active duty during World War I or World War II; or
(B) the person performed active duty (other than for training) during the Korean conflict, the Berlin crisis, or the Vietnam era.
(2) In this subsection:
(A) The term World War I means the period beginning on April 6, 1917, and ending on November 11, 1918.
(B) The term World War II means the period beginning on September 9, 1940, and ending on December 31, 1946.
(C) The term Korean conflict means the period beginning on June 27, 1950, and ending on July 27, 1953.
(D) The term Berlin crisis means the period beginning on August 14, 1961, and ending on May 30, 1963.
(E) The term Vietnam era means the period beginning on August 5, 1964, and ending on March 27, 1973.
(d) The Secretary concerned shall notify each person who has completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay under this chapter. The notice shall be sent, in writing, to the person concerned within one year after the person completes that service. The notice shall include notice of the elections available to such person under the Survivor Benefit Plan established under subchapter II of chapter 73 of this title and the Supplemental Survivor Benefit Plan established under subchapter III of that chapter, and the effects of such elections.
(e) Notwithstanding section 8301 of title 5, the date of entitlement to retired pay under this section shall be the date on which the requirements of subsection (a) have been completed.
(f) 
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the eligibility age for purposes of subsection (a)(1) is 60 years of age.
(2) 
(A) In the case of a person who as a member of the Ready Reserve serves on active duty or performs active service described in subparagraph (B) after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, the eligibility age for purposes of subsection (a)(1) shall be reduced below 60 years of age by three months for each aggregate of 90 days on which such person so performs in any fiscal year after such date, subject to subparagraph (C). A day of duty may be included in only one aggregate of 90 days for purposes of this subparagraph.
(B) 
(i) Service on active duty described in this subparagraph is service on active duty pursuant to a call or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in section 101 (a)(13)(B) or under section 12301 (d) of this title. Such service does not include service on active duty pursuant to a call or order to active duty under section 12310 of this title.
(ii) Active service described in this subparagraph is also service under a call to active service authorized by the President or the Secretary of Defense under section 502 (f) of title 32 for purposes of responding to a national emergency declared by the President or supported by Federal funds.
(C) The eligibility age for purposes of subsection (a)(1) may not be reduced below 50 years of age for any person under subparagraph (A).

10 USC 12731a - Temporary special retirement qualification authority

(a) Retirement With At Least 15 Years of Service.— 
For the purposes of section 12731 of this title, the Secretary concerned may
(1) during the period described in subsection (b), determine to treat a member of the Selected Reserve of a reserve component of the armed force under the jurisdiction of that Secretary as having met the service requirements of subsection (a)(2) of that section and provide the member with the notification required by subsection (d) of that section if the member
(A) as of October 1, 1991, has completed at least 15, and less than 20, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title; or
(B) after that date and before the end of the period described in subsection (b), completes 15 years of service computed under that section; and
(2) upon the request of the member submitted to the Secretary, transfer the member to the Retired Reserve.
(b) Period of Authority.— 
The period referred to in subsection (a)(1) is the period beginning on October 23, 1992, and ending on December 31, 2001.
(c) Applicability Subject to Needs of the Service.— 

(1) The Secretary concerned may limit the applicability of subsection (a) to any category of personnel defined by the Secretary in order to meet a need of the armed force under the jurisdiction of the Secretary to reduce the number of members in certain grades, the number of members who have completed a certain number of years of service, or the number of members who possess certain military skills or are serving in designated competitive categories.
(2) A limitation under paragraph (1) shall be consistent with the purpose set forth in section 4414(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102484; 106 Stat. 2713).
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4415(2) of the Defense Conversion, Reinvestment, and Transition Assistance Act of 1992 (division D of Public Law 102484; 106 Stat. 2714), the Secretary concerned may, consistent with the other provisions of this section, provide the notification required by section 12731 (d) of this title to a member who no longer meets the qualifications for membership in the Selected Reserve solely because the member is unfit because of physical disability. Such notification may not be made if the disability is the result of the members intentional misconduct, willful neglect, or willful failure to comply with standards and qualifications for retention established by the Secretary concerned or was incurred during a period of unauthorized absence.
(d) Exclusion.— 
This section does not apply to persons referred to in section 12731 (c) of this title.
(e) Regulations.— 
The authority provided in this section shall be subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard.

10 USC 12731b - Special rule for members with physical disabilities not incurred in line of duty

(a) In the case of a member of the Selected Reserve of a reserve component who no longer meets the qualifications for membership in the Selected Reserve solely because the member is unfit because of physical disability, the Secretary concerned may, for purposes of section 12731 of this title, determine to treat the member as having met the service requirements of subsection (a)(2) of that section and provide the member with the notification required by subsection (d) of that section if the member has completed at least 15, and less than 20, years of service computed under section 12732 of this title.
(b) Notification under subsection (a) may not be made if
(1) the disability was the result of the members intentional misconduct, willful neglect, or willful failure to comply with standards and qualifications for retention established by the Secretary concerned; or
(2) the disability was incurred during a period of unauthorized absence.

10 USC 12732 - Entitlement to retired pay: computation of years of service

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), for the purpose of determining whether a person is entitled to retired pay under section 12731 of this title, the persons years of service are computed by adding the following:
(1) The persons years of service, before July 1, 1949, in the following:
(A) The armed forces.
(B) The federally recognized National Guard before June 15, 1933.
(C) A federally recognized status in the National Guard before June 15, 1933.
(D) The National Guard after June 14, 1933, if his service therein was continuous from the date of his enlistment in the National Guard, or his Federal recognition as an officer therein, to the date of his enlistment or appointment, as the case may be, in the National Guard of the United States, the Army National Guard of the United States, or the Air National Guard of the United States.
(E) The Navy Reserve Force.
(F) The Naval Militia that conformed to the standards prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy.
(G) The National Naval Volunteers.
(H) The Army Nurse Corps, the Navy Nurse Corps, the Nurse Corps Reserve of the Army, or the Nurse Corps Reserve of the Navy, as it existed at any time after February 2, 1901.
(I) The Army under an appointment under the Act of December 22, 1942 (ch. 805, 56 Stat. 1072).
(J) An active full-time status, except as a student or apprentice, with the Medical Department of the Army as a civilian employee
(i) in the dietetic or physical therapy categories, if the service was performed after April 6, 1917, and before April 1, 1943; or
(ii) in the occupational therapy category, if the service was performed before appointment in the Army Nurse Corps or the Womens Medical Specialist Corps and before January 1, 1949, or before appointment in the Air Force before January 1, 1949, with a view to designation as an Air Force nurse or medical specialist.
(2) Each one-year period, after July 1, 1949, in which the person has been credited with at least 50 points on the following basis:
(A) One point for each day of
(i) active service; or
(ii) full-time service under sections 316, 502, 503, 504, and 505 of title 32 while performing annual training duty or while attending a prescribed course of instruction at a school designated as a service school by law or by the Secretary concerned;

if that service conformed to required standards and qualifications.

(B) One point for each attendance at a drill or period of equivalent instruction that was prescribed for that year by the Secretary concerned and conformed to the requirements prescribed by law, including attendance under section 502 of title 32.
(C) Points at the rate of 15 a year for membership
(i) in a reserve component of an armed force,
(ii) in the Army or the Air Force without component, or
(iii) in any other category covered by subsection (a)(1) except a regular component.
(D) Points credited for the year under section 2126 (b) of this title.
(E) One point for each day on which funeral honors duty is performed for at least two hours under section 12503 of this title or section 115 of title 32, unless the duty is performed while in a status for which credit is provided under another subparagraph of this paragraph.

For the purpose of clauses (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), service in the National Guard shall be treated as if it were service in a reserve component, if the person concerned was later appointed in the National Guard of the United States, the Army National Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the United States, or as a Reserve of the Army or the Air Force, and served continuously in the National Guard from the date of his Federal recognition to the date of that appointment.

(3) The persons years of active service in the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service.
(4) The persons years of active commissioned service in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (including active commissioned service in the Environmental Science Services Administration and in the Coast and Geodetic Survey).
(b) The following service may not be counted under subsection (a):
(1) Service (other than active service) in an inactive section of the Organized Reserve Corps or of the Army Reserve, or in an inactive section of the officers section of the Air Force Reserve.
(2) Service (other than active service) after June 30, 1949, while on the Honorary Retired List of the Navy Reserve or of the Marine Corps Reserve.
(3) Service in the inactive National Guard.
(4) Service in a non-federally recognized status in the National Guard.
(5) Service in the Fleet Reserve or the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.
(6) Service as an inactive Reserve nurse of the Army Nurse Corps established by the Act of February 2, 1901 (ch. 192, 31 Stat. 753), as amended, and service before July 1, 1938, as an inactive Reserve nurse of the Navy Nurse Corps established by the Act of May 13, 1908 (ch. 166, 35 Stat. 146).
(7) Service in any status other than that as commissioned officer, warrant officer, nurse, flight officer, aviation midshipman, appointed aviation cadet, or enlisted member, and that described in clauses (I) and (J) of subsection (a)(1).
(8) Service in the screening performed pursuant to section 10149 of this title through electronic means, regardless of whether or not a stipend is paid the member concerned for such service under section 433a of title 37.

10 USC 12733 - Computation of retired pay: computation of years of service

For the purpose of computing the retired pay of a person under this chapter, the persons years of service and any fraction of such a year are computed by dividing 360 into the sum of the following:
(1) The persons days of active service.
(2) The persons days of full-time service under sections 316, 502, 503, 504, and 505 of title 32 while performing annual training duty or while attending a prescribed course of instruction at a school designated as a service school by law or by the Secretary concerned.
(3) One day for each point credited to the person under clause (B), (C), or (D) of section 12732 (a)(2) of this title, but not more than
(A) 60 days in any one year of service before the year of service that includes September 23, 1996;
(B) 75 days in the year of service that includes September 23, 1996, and in any subsequent year of service before the year of service that includes October 30, 2000;
(C) 90 days in the year of service that includes October 30, 2000, and in any subsequent year of service before the year of service that includes October 30, 2007; and
(D) 130 days in the year of service that includes October 30, 2007, and in any subsequent year of service.
(4) One day for each point credited to the person under subparagraph (E) of section 12732 (a)(2) of this title.
(5) 50 days for each year before July 1, 1949, and proportionately for each fraction of a year, of service (other than active service) in a reserve component of an armed force, in the Army or the Air Force without component, or in any other category covered by section 12732 (a)(1) of this title, except a regular component.

10 USC 12734 - Time not creditable toward years of service

(a) Service in an inactive status may not be counted in any computation of years of service under this chapter.
(b) Time spent after retirement (without pay) for failure to conform to standards and qualifications prescribed under section 12641 of this title may not be credited in a computation of years of service under this chapter.

10 USC 12735 - Inactive status list

(a) A member who would be eligible for retired pay under this chapter but for the fact that that member is under 60 years of age may be transferred, at his request and by direction of the Secretary concerned, to such inactive status list as may be established for members of his armed force, other than members of a regular component.
(b) While on an inactive status list under subsection (a), a member is not required to participate in any training or other program prescribed for his component.
(c) The Secretary may at any time recall to active status a member who is on an inactive status list under subsection (a).

10 USC 12736 - Service credited for retired pay benefits not excluded for other benefits

No period of service included wholly or partly in determining a persons right to, or the amount of, retired pay under this chapter may be excluded in determining his eligibility for any annuity, pension, or old-age benefit, under any other law, on account of civilian employment by the United States or otherwise, or in determining the amount payable under that law, if that service is otherwise properly credited under it.

10 USC 12737 - Limitation on active duty

A member of the armed forces may not be ordered to active duty solely for the purpose of qualifying the member for retired pay under this chapter.

10 USC 12738 - Limitations on revocation of retired pay

(a) After a person is granted retired pay under this chapter, or is notified in accordance with section 12731 (d) of this title that the person has completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay under this chapter, the persons eligibility for retired pay may not be denied or revoked on the basis of any error, miscalculation, misinformation, or administrative determination of years of service performed as required by section 12731 (a)(2) of this title, unless it resulted directly from the fraud or misrepresentation of the person.
(b) The number of years of creditable service upon which retired pay is computed may be adjusted to correct any error, miscalculation, misinformation, or administrative determination and when such a correction is made the person is entitled to retired pay in accordance with the number of years of creditable service, as corrected, from the date the person is granted retired pay.

10 USC 12739 - Computation of retired pay

(a) The monthly retired pay of a person entitled to that pay under this chapter is the product of
(1) the retired pay base for that person as computed under section 1406 (b)(2) or 1407 of this title; and
(2) 21/2 percent of the years of service credited to that person under section 12733 of this title.
(b) If a person entitled to retired pay under this chapter has been credited by the Secretary concerned with extraordinary heroism in the line of duty and if the highest grade held satisfactorily by that person at any time in the armed forces is an enlisted grade, the persons retired pay shall be increased by 10 percent of the amount determined under subsection (a). The Secretarys determination as to extraordinary heroism is conclusive for all purposes.
(c) 
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the total amount of the monthly retired pay computed under subsections (a) and (b) may not exceed 75 percent of the retired pay base upon which the computation is based.
(2) In the case of a person who retires after December 31, 2006, with more than 30 years of service credited to that person under section 12733 of this title, the total amount of the monthly retired pay computed under subsections (a) and (b) may not exceed the sum of
(A) 75 percent of the retired pay base upon which the computation is based; and
(B) the product of
(i) the retired pay base upon which the computation is based; and
(ii) 21/2 percent of the years of service credited to that person under section 12733 of this title, for service under conditions authorized for purposes of this paragraph during a period designated by the Secretary of Defense for purposes of this paragraph.
(d) Amounts computed under this section, if not a multiple of $1, shall be rounded down to the next lower multiple of $1.

10 USC 12740 - Eligibility: denial upon certain punitive discharges or dismissals

A person who
(1) is convicted of an offense under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of this title) and whose sentence includes death; or
(2) is separated pursuant to sentence of a court-martial with a dishonorable discharge, a bad conduct discharge, or (in the case of an officer) a dismissal,

is not eligible for retired pay under this chapter.

10 USC 12741 - Retirement from active reserve service performed after regular retirement

(a) Election of Reserve Retired Pay.— 
A person who, after becoming entitled to retired or retainer pay under chapter 65, 367, 571, or 867 of this title, serves in an active status in a reserve component is entitled to retired pay under this chapter if
(1) the person would, but for paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 12731 (a) of this title, otherwise be entitled to retired pay under this chapter;
(2) the person elects under this section to receive retired pay under this chapter; and
(3) the persons service in an active status after having become entitled to retired or retainer pay under that chapter is determined by the Secretary concerned to have been satisfactory.
(b) Actions To Effectuate Election.— 
As of the effective date of an election made by a person under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall
(1) terminate the persons entitlement to retired or retainer pay under the applicable chapter of this title referred to in subsection (a); and
(2) in the case of a reserve commissioned officer, transfer the officer to the Retired Reserve.
(c) Time and Form of Election.— 
An election under subsection (a) shall be made within such time and in such form as the Secretary concerned requires.
(d) Effective Date of Election.— 
An election made by a person under subsection (a) shall be effective
(1) except as provided in paragraph (2)(B), as of the date on which the person attains 60 years of age, if the Secretary concerned receives the election in accordance with this section within 180 days after that date; or
(2) on the first day of the first month that begins after the date on which the Secretary concerned receives the election in accordance with this section, if
(A) the date of the receipt of the election is more than 180 days after the date on which the person attains 60 years of age; or
(B) the person retires from service in an active status within that 180-day period.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1225 - RETIRED GRADE

10 USC 12771 - Reserve officers: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve

Unless entitled to a higher grade under another provision of law, a reserve commissioned officer, other than a commissioned warrant officer, who is transferred to the Retired Reserve is entitled to be placed on the retired list established by section 12774 (a) of this title in the highest grade in which he served satisfactorily, as determined by the Secretary concerned and in accordance with section 1370 (d), in the armed force in which he is serving on the date of transfer.

10 USC 12772 - Reserve commissioned officers who have served as Attending Physician to the Congress: grade on transfer to Retired Reserve

Unless entitled to a higher grade under another provision of law, a reserve commissioned officer who is transferred to the Retired Reserve after having served in the position of Attending Physician to the Congress is entitled to be placed on the retired list established by section 12774 (a) of this title in the grade held by the officer while serving in that position.

10 USC 12773 - Limitation on accrual of increased pay or benefits

Unless otherwise provided by law, no person is entitled to increased pay or other benefits because of sections 12771 and 12772 of this title.

10 USC 12774 - Retired lists

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, there shall be maintained retired lists containing the names of the Reserves of the armed forces under the Secretarys jurisdiction who are in the Retired Reserve.
(b) The Secretary of the Navy shall maintain a United States Naval Reserve Retired List containing the names of members of the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve entitled to retired pay.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - PART III - PROMOTION AND RETENTION OF OFFICERS ON THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1401 - APPLICABILITY AND RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LISTS

10 USC 14001 - Applicability of this part

This chapter and chapters 1403 through 1411 of this title apply, as appropriate, to all reserve officers of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps except warrant officers.

10 USC 14002 - Reserve active-status lists: requirement for each armed force

(a) The Secretary of each military department shall maintain a single list, to be known as the reserve active-status list, for each armed force under the Secretarys jurisdiction. That list shall include the names of all reserve officers of that armed force who are in an active status other than those on an active-duty list described in section 620 of this title or warrant officers (including commissioned warrant officers).
(b) The reserve active-status list for the Army shall include officers in the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard of the United States. The reserve active-status list for the Air Force shall include officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard of the United States. The Secretary of the Navy shall maintain separate lists for the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve.

10 USC 14003 - Reserve active-status lists: position of officers on the list

(a) Position on List.— 
Officers shall be carried on the reserve active-status list of the armed force of which they are members in the order of seniority of the grade in which they are serving in an active status. Officers serving in the same grade shall be carried in the order of their rank in that grade.
(b) Effect on Position Held by Reason of Temporary Appointment or Assignment.— 
An officer whose position on the reserve active-status list results from service under a temporary appointment or in a grade held by reason of assignment to a position has, when that appointment or assignment ends, the grade and position on that list that the officer would have held if the officer had not received that appointment or assignment.

10 USC 14004 - Reserve active-status lists: eligibility for Reserve promotion

Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer must be on a reserve active-status list to be eligible under chapter 1405 of this title for consideration for selection for promotion or for promotion.

10 USC 14005 - Competitive categories

Each officer whose name appears on a reserve active-status list shall be placed in a competitive category. The competitive categories for each armed force shall be specified by the Secretary of the military department concerned under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. Officers in the same competitive category shall compete among themselves for promotion.

10 USC 14006 - Determination of years in grade

For the purpose of chapters 1403 through 1411 of this title, an officers years of service in a grade are computed from the officers date of rank in grade as determined under section 741 (d) of this title.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1403 - SELECTION BOARDS

10 USC 14101 - Convening of selection boards

(a) Promotion Boards.— 

(1) Whenever the needs of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps require, the Secretary concerned shall convene a selection board to recommend for promotion to the next higher grade, under chapter 1405 of this title, officers on the reserve active-status list of that armed force in a permanent grade from first lieutenant through brigadier general or, in the case of the Navy Reserve, lieutenant (junior grade) through rear admiral (lower half). A selection board convened under this subsection shall be known as a promotion board.
(2) A promotion board convened to recommend reserve officers of the Army or reserve officers of the Air Force for promotion
(A)  to fill a position vacancy under section 14315 of this title, or
(B)  to the grade of brigadier general or major general, shall be known as a vacancy promotion board. Any other promotion board convened under this subsection shall be known as a mandatory promotion board.
(3) Paragraph (1) does not require the convening of a selection board in the case of officers in the permanent grade of first lieutenant or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) when the Secretary concerned recommends for promotion to the next higher grade under section 14308 (b)(4) of this title all such officers whom the Secretary finds to be fully qualified for promotion.
(b) Selective Early Separation Boards.— 
Whenever the needs of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps require, the Secretary concerned may convene a selection board to recommend officers of that armed force
(1) for selective early removal from the reserve active-status list under section 14704 of this title; or
(2) for selective early retirement under section 14705 of this title.

10 USC 14102 - Selection boards: appointment and composition

(a) Appointment.— 
Members of selection boards convened under section 14101 of this title shall be appointed by the Secretary of the military department concerned in accordance with this section. Promotion boards and special selection boards shall consist of five or more officers. Selection boards convened under section 14101 (b) of this title shall consist of three or more officers. All of the officers of any such selection board shall be of the same armed force as the officers under consideration by the board.
(b) Composition.— 
At least one-half of the members of such a selection board shall be reserve officers, to include at least one reserve officer from each reserve component from which officers are to be considered by the board. Each member of a selection board must hold a permanent grade higher than the grade of the officers under consideration by the board, and no member of a board may hold a grade below major or lieutenant commander.
(c) Representation of Competitive Categories.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a selection board shall include at least one officer from each competitive category of officers to be considered by the board.
(2) A selection board need not include an officer from a competitive category to be considered by the board if there is no officer of that competitive category on the reserve active-status list or the active-duty list in a permanent grade higher than the grade of the officers to be considered by the board and otherwise eligible to serve on the board. However, in such a case, the Secretary of the military department concerned, in his discretion, may appoint as a member of the board a retired officer of that competitive category who is in the same armed force as the officers under consideration by the board who holds a higher grade than the grade of the officers under consideration.
(d) Prohibition of Service on Consecutive Promotion Boards.— 
No officer may be a member of two successive promotion boards convened under section 14101 (a) of this title for the consideration of officers of the same competitive category and grade if the second of the two boards is to consider any officer who was considered and not recommended for promotion to the next higher grade by the first of the two boards.

10 USC 14103 - Oath of members

Each member of a selection board convened under section 14101 of this title shall take an oath to perform the duties of a member of the board without prejudice or partiality, having in view both the special fitness of officers and the efficiency of the members armed force.

10 USC 14104 - Nondisclosure of board proceedings

(a) Nondisclosure.— 
The proceedings of a selection board convened under section 14101 of this title may not be disclosed to any person not a member of the board.
(b) Prohibited Uses of Board Discussions, Deliberations, and Records.— 
The discussions and deliberations of a selection board described in subsection (a) and any written or documentary record of such discussions and deliberations
(1) are immune from legal process;
(2) may not be admitted as evidence; and
(3) may not be used for any purpose in any action, suit, or judicial or administrative proceeding without the consent of the Secretary of the military department concerned.

10 USC 14105 - Notice of convening of promotion board

(a) Required Notice.— 
At least 30 days before a promotion board is convened under section 14101 (a) of this title to consider officers in a grade and competitive category for promotion to the next higher grade, the Secretary concerned shall either
(1)  notify in writing the officers eligible for consideration by the board for promotion regarding the convening of the board, or
(2)  issue a general written notice to the armed force concerned regarding the convening of the board.
(b) Content of Notice.— 
A notice under subsection (a) shall include the date on which the board is to convene and (except in the case of a vacancy promotion board) the name and date of rank of the junior officer, and of the senior officer, in the promotion zone as of the date of the notice.

10 USC 14106 - Communication with board by officers under consideration

Subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned, an officer eligible for consideration by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title who is in the promotion zone or above the promotion zone, or who is to be considered by a vacancy promotion board, may send a written communication to the board calling attention to any matter concerning the officer which the officer considers important to the officers case. Any such communication shall be sent so as to arrive not later than the day before the date on which the board convenes. The board shall give consideration to any timely communication under this section.

10 USC 14107 - Information furnished by the Secretary concerned to promotion boards

(a) Integrity of the Promotion Selection Board Process.— 

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations governing information furnished to selection boards convened under section 14101 (a) of this title. Those regulations shall apply uniformly among the military departments. Any regulations prescribed by the Secretary of a military department to supplement those regulations may not take effect without the approval of the Secretary of Defense in writing.
(2) No information concerning a particular eligible officer may be furnished to a selection board except for the following:
(A) Information that is in the officers official military personnel file and that is provided to the selection board in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to paragraph (1).
(B) Other information that is determined by the Secretary of the military department concerned, after review by that Secretary in accordance with standards and procedures set out in the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to paragraph (1), to be substantiated, relevant information that could reasonably and materially affect the deliberations of the promotion board.
(C) Subject to such limitations as may be prescribed in those regulations, information communicated to the board by the officer in accordance with this section, section 14106 of this title (including any comment on information referred to in subparagraph (A) regarding that officer), or other applicable law.
(D) A factual summary of the information described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) that, in accordance with the regulations prescribed pursuant to paragraph (1) is prepared by administrative personnel for the purpose of facilitating the work of the selection board.
(3) In the case of an eligible officer considered for promotion to a grade above colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, any credible information of an adverse nature, including any substantiated adverse finding or conclusion from an officially documented investigation or inquiry, shall be furnished to the selection board in accordance with standards and procedures set out in the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to paragraph (1).
(4) Information provided to a promotion board in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be made available to all members of the board and shall be made a part of the record of the board. Communication of such information shall be in a written form or in the form of an audio or video recording. If a communication is in the form of an audio or video recording, a written transcription of the recording shall also be made a part of the record of the promotion board.
(5) Paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) do not apply to the furnishing of appropriate administrative processing information to the promotion board by an administrative staff designated to assist the board, but only to the extent that oral communications are necessary to facilitate the work of the board.
(6) Information furnished to a promotion board that is described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (2), or in paragraph (3), may not be furnished to a later promotion board unless
(A) the information has been properly placed in the official military personnel file of the officer concerned; or
(B) the information is provided to the later selection board in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable.
(7) 
(A) Before information described in paragraph (2)(B) or (3) regarding an eligible officer is furnished to a selection board, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall ensure
(i) that such information is made available to such officer; and
(ii) that the officer is afforded a reasonable opportunity to submit comments on that information to the promotion board.
(B) If an officer cannot be given access to the information referred to in subparagraph (A) because of its classification status, the officer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be furnished an appropriate summary of the information.
(b) Information To Be Furnished.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall furnish to a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title the following:
(1) In the case of a mandatory promotion board, the maximum number (as determined in accordance with section 14307 of this title) of officers in each competitive category under consideration that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion to the next higher grade.
(2) The name of each officer in each competitive category under consideration who is to be considered by the board for promotion.
(3) The pertinent records (as determined by the Secretary) of each officer whose name is furnished to the board.
(4) Information or guidelines relating to the needs of the armed force concerned for officers having particular skills, including (except in the case of a vacancy promotion board) guidelines or information relating to either a minimum number or a maximum number of officers with particular skills within a competitive category.
(5) Such other information or guidelines as the Secretary concerned may determine to be necessary to enable the board to perform its functions.
(c) Limitation on Modifying Furnished Information.— 
Information or guidelines furnished to a selection board under subsection (a) may not be modified, withdrawn, or supplemented after the board submits its report to the Secretary of the military department concerned pursuant to section 14109 (a) of this title. However, in the case of a report returned to a board pursuant to section 14110 (a) of this title for further proceedings because of a determination by the Secretary of the military department concerned that the board acted contrary to law, regulation, or guidelines, the Secretary may modify, withdraw, or supplement such information or guidelines as part of a written explanation to the board as provided in that section.
(d) Officers in Health-Professions Competitive Categories.— 
The Secretary of each military department, under uniform regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, shall include in guidelines furnished to a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title that is considering officers in a health-professions competitive category for promotion to a grade below colonel or, in the case of officers of the Navy Reserve, captain, a direction that the board give consideration to an officers clinical proficiency and skill as a health professional to at least as great an extent as the board gives to the officers administrative and management skills.

10 USC 14108 - Recommendations by promotion boards

(a) Recommendation of Best Qualified Officers.— 
A promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title shall recommend for promotion to the next higher grade those officers considered by the board whom the board considers best qualified for promotion within each competitive category considered by the board or, in the case of a vacancy promotion board, among those officers considered to fill a vacancy. In determining those officers who are best qualified for promotion, the board shall give due consideration to the needs of the armed force concerned for officers with particular skills (as noted in the guidelines or information furnished the board under section 14107 of this title).
(b) Actions Required.— 
A promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title may not recommend an officer for promotion unless
(1) the officer receives the recommendation of a majority of the members of the board;
(2) a majority of the members of the board finds that the officer is fully qualified for promotion; and
(3) a majority of the members of the board, after consideration by all members of the board of any adverse information about the officer that is provided to the board under section 14107 of this title, finds that the officer is among the officers best qualified for promotion to meet the needs of the armed force concerned consistent with the requirement of exemplary conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable.
(c) Board Recommendation Required for Promotion.— 
Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer on the reserve active-status list may not be promoted to a higher grade under chapter 1405 of this title unless the officer is considered and recommended for promotion to that grade by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title (or by a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title).
(d) Disclosure of Board Recommendations.— 
The recommendations of a promotion board may be disclosed only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. Those recommendations may not be disclosed to a person not a member of the board (or a member of the administrative staff designated by the Secretary concerned to assist the board) until the written report of the recommendations of the board, required by section 14109 of this title, is signed by each member of the board.
(e) Prohibition of Coercion and Unauthorized Influence of Actions of Board Members.— 
The Secretary convening a promotion board under section 14101 (a) of this title, and an officer or other official exercising authority over any member of a selection board, may not
(1) censure, reprimand, or admonish the selection board or any member of the board with respect to the recommendations of the board or the exercise of any lawful function within the authorized discretion of the board; or
(2) attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence any action of a promotion board or any member of a promotion board in the formulation of the boards recommendations.

10 USC 14109 - Reports of promotion boards: in general

(a) Report of Officers Recommended for Promotion.— 
Each promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned a report in writing containing a list of the names of the officers recommended by the board for promotion. The report shall be signed by each member of the board.
(b) Certification.— 
Each report under subsection (a) shall include a certification
(1) that the board has carefully considered the record of each officer whose name was furnished to the board; and
(2) that, in the case of a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title, in the opinion of a majority of the members of the board, the officers recommended for promotion by the board are best qualified for promotion to meet the needs of the armed force concerned (as noted in the guidelines or information furnished the board under section 14107 of this title) among those officers whose names were furnished to the selection board.
(c) Show-Cause Recommendations.— 

(1) A promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title shall include in its report to the Secretary concerned the name of any reserve officer before it for consideration for promotion whose record, in the opinion of a majority of the members of the board, indicates that the officer should be required to show cause for retention in an active status.
(2) If such a report names an officer as having a record which indicates that the officer should be required to show cause for retention, the Secretary concerned may provide for the review of the record of that officer as provided under regulations prescribed under section 14902 of this title.

10 USC 14110 - Reports of promotion boards: review by Secretary

(a) Review of Report.— 
Upon receipt of the report of a promotion board submitted under section 14109 (a) of this title, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall review the report to determine whether the board has acted contrary to law or regulation or to guidelines furnished the board under section 14107 (a) of this title. Following that review, unless the Secretary concerned makes a determination as described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit the report as required by section 14111 of this title.
(b) Return of Report for Further Proceedings.— 
If, on the basis of a review of the report under subsection (a), the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that the board acted contrary to law or regulation or to guidelines furnished the board under section 14107 (a) of this title, the Secretary shall return the report, together with a written explanation of the basis for such determination, to the board for further proceedings. Upon receipt of a report returned by the Secretary concerned under this subsection, the selection board (or a subsequent selection board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title for the same grade and competitive category) shall conduct such proceedings as may be necessary in order to revise the report to be consistent with law, regulation, and such guidelines and shall resubmit the report, as revised, to the Secretary in accordance with section 14109 of this title.

10 USC 14111 - Reports of selection boards: transmittal to President

(a) Transmittal to President.— 
The Secretary concerned, after final review of the report of a selection board under section 14110 of this title, shall submit the report with the Secretarys recommendations, to the Secretary of Defense for transmittal by the Secretary to the President for approval or disapproval. If the authority of the President to approve or disapprove the report of a promotion board is delegated to the Secretary of Defense, that authority may not be redelegated except to an official in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
(b) Removal of Name From Board Report.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the name of an officer recommended for promotion by a selection board may be removed from the report of the selection board only by the President.
(2) In the case of an officer recommended by a selection board for promotion to a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half), the name of the officer may also be removed from the report of the selection board by the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense.
(c) Recommendations for Removal of Selected Officers From Report.— 
If the Secretary of a military department or the Secretary of Defense makes a recommendation under this section that the name of an officer be removed from the report of a promotion board and the recommendation is accompanied by information that was not presented to that promotion board, that information shall be made available to that officer. The officer shall then be afforded a reasonable opportunity to submit comments on that information to the officials making the recommendation and the officials reviewing the recommendation. If an eligible officer cannot be given access to such information because of its classification status, the officer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be provided with an appropriate summary of the information.

10 USC 14112 - Dissemination of names of officers selected

(a) Time for Dissemination.— 
The names of the officers recommended for promotion in the report of a selection board shall be disseminated to the armed force concerned as follows:
(1) In the case of officers recommended for promotion to a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half), such names may be disseminated upon, or at any time after, the transmittal of the report to the President.
(2) In the case of officers recommended for promotion to a grade above colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, such names may be disseminated upon, or at any time after, the approval of the report by the President.
(3) In the case of officers whose names have not been sooner disseminated, such names shall be promptly disseminated
(A) upon confirmation of the promotion of the officers by the Senate (in the case of promotions required to be submitted to the Senate for confirmation); or
(B) upon the approval of the report by the President (in the case of promotions not required to be submitted to the Senate for confirmation).
(b) Names Not Disseminated.— 
A list of names of officers disseminated under subsection (a) may not include
(1) any name removed by the President from the report of the selection board containing that name, if dissemination is under the authority of paragraph (2) or (3)(B) of that subsection; or
(2) the name of any officer whose promotion the Senate failed to confirm, if dissemination is under the authority of paragraph (3)(A) of that subsection.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1405 - PROMOTIONS

10 USC 14301 - Eligibility for consideration for promotion: general rules

(a) One-Year Rule.— 
An officer is eligible under this chapter for consideration for promotion by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title only if
(1) the officer is on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps; and
(2) during the one-year period ending on the date of the convening of the promotion board the officer has continuously performed service on either the reserve active-status list or the active-duty list (or on a combination of both lists).
(b) Requirement for Consideration of All Officers In and Above the Zone.— 
Whenever a promotion board (other than a vacancy promotion board) is convened under section 14101 (a) of this title for consideration of officers in a competitive category who are eligible under this chapter for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade, each officer in the promotion zone, and each officer above the promotion zone, for that grade and competitive category shall be considered for promotion.
(c) Previously Selected Officers Not Eligible To Be Considered.— 
A promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title may not consider for promotion to the next higher grade any of the following officers:
(1) An officer whose name is on a promotion list for that grade as a result of recommendation for promotion to that grade by an earlier selection board convened under that section or section 14502 of this title or under chapter 36 of this title.
(2) An officer who is recommended for promotion to that grade in the report of an earlier selection board convened under a provision referred to in paragraph (1), in the case of such a report that has not yet been approved by the President.
(3) An officer who has been approved for Federal recognition by a board convened under section 307 of title 32 and nominated by the President for promotion to that grade as a reserve of the Army or of the Air Force as the case may be, if that nomination is pending before the Senate.
(4) An officer who has been nominated by the President for promotion to that grade under any other provision of law, if that nomination is pending before the Senate.
(5) An officer in the grade of first lieutenant or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) who is on an approved all-fully-qualified-officers list under section 14308 (b)(4) of this title.
(d) Officers Below the Zone.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned may, by regulation, prescribe procedures to limit the officers to be considered by a selection board from below the promotion zone to those officers who are determined to be exceptionally well qualified for promotion. The regulations shall include criteria for determining which officers below the promotion zone are exceptionally well qualified for promotion.
(e) Certain Reserve Officers of the Air Force.— 
A reserve officer of the Air Force who
(1)  is in the Air National Guard of the United States and holds the grade of lieutenant colonel, colonel, or brigadier general, or
(2)  is in the Air Force Reserve and holds the grade of colonel or brigadier general, is not eligible for consideration for promotion by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title.
(f) Nonconsideration of Officers Scheduled for Removal From Reserve Active-Status List.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned may, by regulation, provide for the exclusion from consideration for promotion by a promotion board of any officer otherwise eligible to be considered by the board who has an established date for removal from the reserve active-status list that is not more than 90 days after the date on which the selection board for which the officer would otherwise be eligible is to be convened.
(g) Brigadier Generals.— 

(1) An officer who is a reserve component brigadier general of the Army or the Air Force who is not eligible for consideration for promotion under subsection (a) because the officer is not on the reserve active status list (as required by paragraph (1) of that subsection for such eligibility) is nevertheless eligible for consideration for promotion to the grade of major general by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title if
(A) as of the date of the convening of the promotion board, the officer has been in an inactive status for less than one year; and
(B) immediately before the date of the officers most recent transfer to an inactive status, the officer had continuously served on the reserve active status list or the active-duty list (or a combination of the reserve active status list and the active-duty list) for at least one year.
(2) An officer who is a reserve component brigadier general of the Army or the Air Force who is on the reserve active status list but who is not eligible for consideration for promotion under subsection (a) because the officers service does not meet the one-year-of-continuous-service requirement under paragraph (2) of that subsection is nevertheless eligible for consideration for promotion to the grade of major general by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title if
(A) the officer was transferred from an inactive status to the reserve active status list during the one-year period preceding the date of the convening of the promotion board;
(B) immediately before the date of the officers most recent transfer to an active status, the officer had been in an inactive status for less than one year; and
(C) immediately before the date of the officers most recent transfer to an inactive status, the officer had continuously served for at least one year on the reserve active status list or the active-duty list (or a combination of the reserve active status list and the active-duty list).
(h) Officers on Educational Delay.— 
An officer on the reserve active-status list is ineligible for consideration for promotion, but shall remain on the reserve active-status list, while the officer
(1) is pursuing a program of graduate level education in an educational delay status approved by the Secretary concerned; and
(2) is receiving from the Secretary financial assistance in connection with the pursuit of that program of education while in that status.

10 USC 14302 - Promotion zones

(a) Promotion Zones Generally.— 
For purposes of this chapter, a promotion zone is an eligibility category for the consideration of officers by a mandatory promotion board. A promotion zone consists of those officers on the reserve active-status list who are in the same grade and competitive category and who meet the requirements of both paragraphs (1) and (2) or the requirements of paragraph (3), as follows:
(1) 
(A) In the case of officers in grades below colonel, for reserve officers of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, or captain, for officers of the Navy Reserve, those who have neither
(i)  failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade, nor
(ii)  been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade.
(B) In the case of officers in the grade of colonel or brigadier general, for reserve officers of the Army and Marine Corps, or in the grade of captain or rear admiral (lower half), for reserve officers of the Navy, those who have neither
(i)  been recommended for promotion to the next higher grade when considered in the promotion zone, nor
(ii)  been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade.
(2) Those officers who are senior to the officer designated by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade and the officer so designated.
(3) Those officers who
(A) have been selected from below the zone for promotion to the next higher grade or by a vacancy promotion board, but whose names were removed from the list of officers recommended for promotion to that next higher grade resulting from that selection;
(B) have not failed of selection for promotion to that next higher grade; and
(C) are senior to the officer designated by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration for promotion to that next higher grade and the officer so designated.
(b) Officers Above the Zone.— 
Officers on the reserve active-status list are considered to be above the promotion zone for a grade and competitive category if they
(1) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;
(2) are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and
(3) are senior to the senior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.
(c) Officers Below the Zone.— 
Officers on the reserve active-status list are considered to be below the promotion zone for a grade and competitive category if they
(1) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;
(2) are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and
(3) are junior to the junior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.

10 USC 14303 - Eligibility for consideration for promotion: minimum years of service in grade

(a) Officers in Pay Grades O–1 and O–2.— 
An officer who is on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps and holds a permanent appointment in the grade of second lieutenant or first lieutenant as a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or in the grade of ensign or lieutenant (junior grade) as a reserve officer of the Navy, may not be promoted to the next higher grade, or granted Federal recognition in that grade, until the officer has completed the following years of service in grade:
(1) Eighteen months, in the case of an officer holding a permanent appointment in the grade of second lieutenant or ensign.
(2) Two years, in the case of an officer holding a permanent appointment in the grade of first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade).
(b) Officers in Pay Grades O–3 and Above.— 
Subject to subsection (d), an officer who is on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps and holds a permanent appointment in a grade above first lieutenant, or who is on the reserve active-status list of the Navy in a grade above lieutenant (junior grade), may not be considered for selection for promotion to the next higher grade, or examined for Federal recognition in the next higher grade, until the officer has completed the following years of service in grade:
(1) Three years, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps holding a permanent appointment in the grade of captain, major, or lieutenant colonel or in the case of a reserve officer of the Navy holding a permanent appointment in the grade of lieutenant, lieutenant commander, or commander.
(2) One year, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps holding a permanent appointment in the grade of colonel or brigadier general or in the case of a reserve officer of the Navy holding a permanent appointment in the grade of captain or rear admiral (lower half).

This subsection does not apply to an adjutant general or assistant adjutant general of a State or to an appointment in a higher grade which is based upon a specific provision of law.

(c) Authority To Lengthen Minimum Period in Grade.— 
The Secretary concerned may prescribe a period of service in grade for eligibility for promotion, in the case of officers to whom subsection (a) applies, or for eligibility for consideration for promotion, in the case of officers to whom subsection (b) applies, that is longer than the applicable period specified in that subsection.
(d) Waivers To Ensure Two Below-the-Zone Considerations.— 
Subject to section 14307 (b) of this title, the Secretary of the military department concerned may waive subsection (b) to the extent necessary to ensure that officers described in paragraph (1) of that subsection have at least two opportunities for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade as officers below the promotion zone.

10 USC 14304 - Eligibility for consideration for promotion: maximum years of service in grade

(a) Consideration for Promotion Within Specified Times.— 

(1) Officers described in paragraph (3) shall be placed in the promotion zone for that officers grade and competitive category, and shall be considered for promotion to the next higher grade by a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title, far enough in advance of completing the years of service in grade specified in the following table so that, if the officer is recommended for promotion, the promotion may be effective on or before the date on which the officer will complete those years of service.
(2) Paragraph (1) is subject to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 14301 of this title and applies without regard to vacancies.
(3) Paragraph (1) applies to an officer who is on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps and who holds a permanent appointment in the grade of first lieutenant, captain, or major as a reserve of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or to an officer on the reserve active-status list of the Navy in the grade of lieutenant (junior grade), lieutenant, or lieutenant commander as a reserve of the Navy, and who, while holding that appointment, has not been considered by a selection board convened under section 14101 (a) or 14502 of this title for promotion to the next higher grade.
(b) Promotion Date.— 
An officer holding a permanent grade specified in the table in subsection (a) who is recommended for promotion to the next higher grade by a selection board the first time the officer is considered for promotion while in or above the promotion zone and who is placed on an approved promotion list established under section 14308 (a) of this title shall (if not promoted sooner or removed from that list by the President or by reason of declination) be promoted, without regard to the existence of a vacancy, on the date on which the officer completes the maximum years of service in grade specified in subsection (a). The preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of section 12011 of this title.
(c) Waiver Authority for Navy and Marine Corps Running Mate System.— 
If the Secretary of the Navy establishes promotion zones for officers on the reserve active-status list of the Navy or the Marine Corps Reserve in accordance with a running mate system under section 14306 of this title, the Secretary may waive the requirements of subsection (a) to the extent the Secretary considers necessary in any case in which the years of service for promotion, or for consideration for promotion, within those zones will exceed the maximum years of service in grade specified in subsection (a).

10 USC 14305 - Establishment of promotion zones: mandatory consideration for promotion

(a) Establishment of Zone.— 
Before convening a mandatory promotion board under section 14101 (a) of this title, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall establish a promotion zone for officers serving in each grade and competitive category to be considered by the board.
(b) Number in the Zone.— 
The Secretary concerned shall determine the number of officers in the promotion zone for officers serving in any grade and competitive category from among officers who are eligible for promotion in that grade and competitive category under the provisions of sections 14303 and 14304 of this title and who are otherwise eligible for promotion.
(c) Factors in Determining Number in the Zone.— 
The Secretarys determination under subsection (b) shall be made on the basis of an estimate of the following:
(1) The number of officers needed in that competitive category in the next higher grade in each of the next five years.
(2) In the case of a promotion zone for officers to be promoted to a grade to which the maximum years of in grade criteria established in section 14304 of this title apply, the number of officers in that competitive category who are required to be considered for selection for promotion to the next higher grade under that section.
(3) The number of officers that should be placed in the promotion zone in each of the next five years to provide to officers in those years relatively similar opportunities for promotion.

10 USC 14306 - Establishment of promotion zones: Navy Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve running mate system

(a) Authority of Secretary of the Navy.— 
The Secretary of the Navy may by regulation implement section 14305 of this title by requiring that the promotion zone for consideration of officers on the reserve active-status list of the Navy or the Marine Corps for promotion to the next higher grade be determined in accordance with a running mate system as provided in subsection (b).
(b) Assignment of Running Mates.— 
An officer to whom a running mate system applies shall be assigned as a running mate an officer of the same grade on the active-duty list of the same armed force. The officer on the reserve active-status list is in the promotion zone and is eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade by a selection board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title when that officers running mate is in or above the promotion zone established for that officers grade under chapter 36 of this title.
(c) Consideration of Officers Below the Zone Under a Running Mate System.— 
If the Secretary of the Navy authorizes the selection of officers for promotion from below the promotion zone in accordance with section 14307 of this title, the number of officers to be considered from below the zone may be established through the application of the running mate system or otherwise as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to meet the needs of the Navy or Marine Corps.

10 USC 14307 - Number of officers to be recommended for promotion

(a) Determination of Maximum Number.— 
Before convening a promotion board under section 14101 (a) of this title for a grade and competitive category (other than a vacancy promotion board), the Secretary of the military department concerned, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, shall determine the maximum number of officers in that grade and competitive category that the board may recommend for promotion. The Secretary shall make the determination under the preceding sentence of the maximum number that may be recommended with a view to having on the reserve active-status list a sufficient number of officers in each grade and competitive category to meet the needs of the armed force concerned for officers on that list. In order to make that determination, the Secretary shall determine
(1)  the number of positions needed to accomplish mission objectives which require officers of such competitive category in the grade to which the board will recommend officers for promotion,
(2)  the estimated number of officers needed to fill vacancies in such positions during the period in which it is anticipated that officers selected for promotion will be promoted,
(3)  the number of officers authorized by the Secretary of the military department concerned to serve on the reserve active-status list in the grade and competitive category under consideration, and
(4)  any statutory limitation on the number of officers in any grade or category (or combination thereof) authorized to be on the reserve active-status list.
(b) Below-the-Zone Selections.— 

(1) The Secretary of the military department concerned may, when the needs of the armed force concerned require, authorize the consideration of officers in the grade of captain, major, or lieutenant colonel on the reserve active-status list of the Army or Air Force, in a grade above first lieutenant on the reserve active-status list of the Marine Corps, or in a grade above lieutenant (junior grade) on the reserve active-status list of the Navy, for promotion to the next higher grade from below the promotion zone.
(2) When selection from below the promotion zone is authorized, the Secretary shall establish the number of officers that may be recommended for promotion from below the promotion zone in each competitive category to be considered. That number may not exceed the number equal to 10 percent of the maximum number of officers that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion in such competitive category, except that the Secretary of Defense may authorize a greater number, not to exceed 15 percent of the total number of officers that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion, if the Secretary of Defense determines that the needs of the armed force concerned so require. If the maximum number determined under this paragraph is less than one, the board may recommend one officer for promotion from below the promotion zone.
(3) The number of officers recommended for promotion from below the promotion zone does not increase the maximum number of officers that the board is authorized to recommend for promotion under subsection (a).

10 USC 14308 - Promotions: how made

(a) Promotion List.— 
When the report of a selection board convened under section 14101 (a) or 14502 of this title is approved by the President, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall place the names of all officers selected for promotion within a competitive category on a single list for that competitive category, to be known as a promotion list, in the order of seniority of those officers on the reserve active-status list. A promotion list is considered to be established under this section as of the date of the approval of the report of the selection board under the preceding sentence.
(b) Promotion; How Made; Order.— 

(1) Officers on a promotion list for a competitive category shall be promoted in the manner specified in section 12203 of this title.
(2) Officers on a promotion list for a competitive category shall be promoted to the next higher grade in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned. Except as provided in section 14311, 14312, or 14502 (e) of this title or in subsection (d) or (e), promotions shall be made in the order in which the names of officers appear on the promotion list and after officers previously selected for promotion in that competitive category have been promoted.
(3) Officers to be promoted to the grade of first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade) shall be promoted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned.
(4) 
(A) Officers in the permanent grade of first lieutenant or, in the case of the Navy, lieutenant (junior grade) who are on an approved all-fully-qualified-officers list shall be promoted to the next higher grade in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned. Such promotions shall be in the manner specified in section 12203 of this title.
(B) An all-fully-qualified-officers list shall be considered to be approved for purposes of subparagraph (A) when the list is approved by the President. When so approved, such a list shall be treated in the same manner as a promotion list under this chapter and chapter 1403 of this title.
(C) The Secretary of a military department may make a recommendation to the President for approval of an all-fully-qualified-officers list only when the Secretary determines that all officers on the list are needed in the next higher grade to accomplish mission objectives.
(D) For purposes of this paragraph, an all-fully-qualified-officers list is a list of all officers on the reserve active-status list in a grade who the Secretary of the military department concerned determines
(i) are fully qualified for promotion to the next higher grade; and
(ii) would be eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade by a selection board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title upon the convening of such a board.
(c) Date of Rank.— 

(1) The date of rank of an officer appointed to a higher grade under this section is determined under section 741 (d)(2) of this title.
(2) The date of rank of an officer appointed to a higher grade under this section may be adjusted in the same manner as an adjustment may be made under section 741 (d)(4) of this title in the date of rank of an officer appointed to a higher grade under section 624 (a) of this title. In any use of the authority under the preceding sentence, subparagraph (C)(ii) of such section shall be applied by substituting reserve active-status list for active-duty list.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (2) or as otherwise specifically authorized by law, a reserve officer is not entitled to additional pay or allowances if the effective date of the officers promotion is adjusted to reflect a date earlier than the actual date of the officers promotion.
(d) Officers With Running Mates.— 
An officer to whom a running mate system applies under section 14306 of this title and who is selected for promotion is eligible for promotion to the grade for which selected when the officer who is that officers running mate becomes eligible for promotion under chapter 36 of this title. The effective date of the promotion of that officer shall be the same as that of the officers running mate in the grade to which the running mate is promoted.
(e) Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve Promotions To Fill Vacancies.— 
Subject to this section and to section 14311 (e) of this title, and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned
(1) an officer in the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve who is on a promotion list as a result of selection for promotion by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title or a board convened under section 14502 or chapter 36 of this title may be promoted at any time to fill a vacancy in a position to which the officer is assigned; and
(2) an officer in a grade below colonel in the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve who is on a promotion list as a result of selection for promotion by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title may be promoted at any time to fill the vacancy for which the officer was selected.
(f) Effective Date of Promotion After Federal Recognition.— 
The effective date of a promotion of a reserve commissioned officer of the Army or the Air Force who is extended Federal recognition in the next higher grade in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard under section 307 or 310 of title 32 shall be the date on which such Federal recognition in that grade is so extended.
(g) Army and Air Force General Officer Promotions.— 
A reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force who is on a promotion list for promotion to the grade of brigadier general or major general as a result of selection by a vacancy promotion board may be promoted to that grade only to fill a vacancy in the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve, as the case may be, in that grade.

10 USC 14309 - Acceptance of promotion; oath of office

(a) Acceptance.— 
An officer who is appointed to a higher grade under this chapter shall be considered to have accepted the appointment on the date on which the appointment is made unless the officer expressly declines the appointment or is granted a delay of promotion under section 14312 of this title.
(b) Oath.— 
An officer who has served continuously since taking the oath of office prescribed in section 3331 of title 5 is not required to take a new oath upon appointment to a higher grade under this chapter.

10 USC 14310 - Removal of officers from a list of officers recommended for promotion

(a) Removal by President.— 
The President may remove the name of any officer from a promotion list at any time before the date on which the officer is promoted.
(b) Removal for Withholding of Senate Advice and Consent.— 
If the Senate does not give its advice and consent to the appointment to the next higher grade of an officer whose name is on a list of officers approved by the President for promotion (except in the case of promotions to a reserve grade to which appointments may be made by the President alone), the name of that officer shall be removed from the list.
(c) Removal After 18 Months.— 

(1) If an officer whose name is on a list of officers approved for promotion under section 14308 (a) of this title to a grade for which appointment is required by section 12203 (a) of this title to be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate is not appointed to that grade under such section during the officers promotion eligibility period, the officers name shall be removed from the list unless as of the end of such period the Senate has given its advice and consent to the appointment.
(2) Before the end of the promotion eligibility period with respect to an officer under paragraph (1), the President may extend that period for purposes of paragraph (1) by an additional 12 months.
(3) In this subsection, the term promotion eligibility period means, with respect to an officer whose name is on a list of officers approved for promotion under section 14308 (a) of this title to a grade for which appointment is required by section 12203 (a) of this title to be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the period beginning on the date on which the list is so approved and ending on the first day of the eighteenth month following the month during which the list is so approved.
(d) Continued Eligibility for Promotion.— 
An officer whose name is removed from a list under subsection (a), (b), or (c) continues to be eligible for consideration for promotion. If that officer is recommended for promotion by the next selection board convened for that officers grade and competitive category and the officer is promoted, the Secretary of the military department concerned may, upon the promotion, grant the officer the same date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of the grade to which promoted, and the same position on the reserve active-status list, as the officer would have had if the officers name had not been removed from the list.

10 USC 14311 - Delay of promotion: involuntary

(a) Delay During Investigations and Proceedings.— 

(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the appointment of an officer to a higher grade may be delayed if any of the following applies before the date on which the appointment would otherwise be made:
(A) Sworn charges against the officer have been received by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the officer and the charges have not been disposed of.
(B) An investigation is being conducted to determine whether disciplinary action of any kind should be brought against the officer.
(C) A board of officers has been convened under section 14903 of this title to review the record of the officer.
(D) A criminal proceeding in a Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction is pending against the officer.
(E) Substantiated adverse information about the officer that is material to the decision to appoint the officer is under review by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary concerned.
(2) If disciplinary action is not taken against the officer, if the charges against the officer are withdrawn or dismissed, if the officer is not separated by the Secretary of the military department concerned as the result of having been required to show cause for retention, if the officer is acquitted of the charges, or if, after a review of substantiated adverse information about the officer regarding the requirement for exemplary conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable, the officer is determined to be among the officers best qualified for promotion, as the case may be, then (unless action to delay the officers appointment to the higher grade has been taken under subsection (b)) the officer shall be retained on the promotion list (including an approved all-fully-qualified-officers list, if applicable), list of officers found qualified for Federal recognition, or list of officers nominated by the President to the Senate for appointment in a higher reserve grade and shall, upon promotion to the next higher grade, have the same date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of the grade to which promoted, and the same position on the reserve active-status list as the officer would have had if no delay had intervened, unless the Secretary concerned determines that the officer was unqualified for promotion for any part of the delay. If the Secretary makes such a determination, the Secretary may adjust such date of rank, effective date of pay and allowances, and position on the reserve active-status list as the Secretary considers appropriate under the circumstances.
(b) Delay for Lack of Qualifications.— 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the appointment of an officer to a higher grade may also be delayed if there is cause to believe that the officer has not met the requirement for exemplary conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable, or is mentally, physically, morally, or professionally unqualified to perform the duties of the grade to which selected. If it is later determined by a civilian official of the Department of Defense (not below the level of Secretary of a military department) that the officer is qualified for promotion to the higher grade and, after a review of adverse information regarding the requirement for exemplary conduct set forth in section 3583, 5947, or 8583 of this title, as applicable, the officer is determined to be among the officers best qualified for promotion to the higher grade, the officer shall be retained on the promotion list (including an approved all-fully-qualified-officers list, if applicable), the list of officers found qualified for Federal recognition, or list of officers nominated by the President to the Senate for appointment in a higher reserve grade, and shall, upon promotion to that grade, have the same date of rank, the same effective date for pay and allowances of that grade, and the same position on the reserve active-status list as the officer would have had if no delay had intervened, unless the Secretary concerned determines that the officer was unqualified for promotion for any part of the delay. If the Secretary makes such a determination, the Secretary may adjust such date of rank, effective date of pay and allowances, and position on the reserve active-status list as the Secretary considers appropriate under the circumstances.
(c) Notice to Officer.— 

(1) The appointment of an officer to a higher grade may not be delayed under subsection (a) or (b) unless the officer is given written notice of the grounds for the delay. The preceding sentence does not apply if it is impracticable to give the officer written notice before the date on which the appointment to the higher grade would otherwise take effect, but in such a case the written notice shall be given as soon as practicable.
(2) An officer whose promotion is delayed under subsection (a) or (b) shall be given an opportunity to make a written statement to the Secretary of the military department concerned in response to the action taken. The Secretary shall give consideration to any such statement.
(d) Maximum Length of Delay in Promotion.— 
The appointment of an officer to a higher grade may not be delayed under subsection (a) or (b) for more than six months after the date on which the officer would otherwise have been promoted unless the Secretary concerned specifies a further period of delay. An officers appointment may not be delayed more than 90 days after final action has been taken in any criminal case against the officer in a Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction or more than 90 days after final action has been taken in any court-martial case against the officer. Except for court action, a promotion may not be delayed more than 18 months after the date on which the officer would otherwise have been promoted.
(e) Delay Because of Limitations on Officer Strength in Grade or Duties to Which Assigned.— 

(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the promotion of a reserve officer on the reserve active-status list who is serving on active duty, or who is on full-time National Guard duty for administration of the reserves or the National Guard, to a grade to which the strength limitations of section 12011 of this title apply shall be delayed if necessary to ensure compliance with those strength limitations. The delay shall expire when the Secretary determines that the delay is no longer required to ensure such compliance.
(2) The promotion of an officer described in paragraph (1) shall also be delayed while the officer is on duty described in that paragraph unless the Secretary of the military department concerned, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, determines that the duty assignment of the officer requires a higher grade than the grade currently held by the officer.
(3) The date of rank and position on the reserve active-status list of a reserve officer whose promotion to or Federal recognition in the next higher grade was delayed under paragraph (1) or (2) solely as the result of the limitations imposed under the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense or contained in section 12011 of this title shall be the date on which the officer would have been promoted to or recognized in the higher grade had such limitations not existed.
(4) If an officer whose promotion is delayed under paragraph (1) or (2) completes the period of active duty or full-time National Guard duty that the officer is required by law or regulation to perform as a member of a reserve component, the officer may request release from active duty or full-time National Guard duty. If the request is granted, the officers promotion shall be effective upon the officers release from such duty. The date of rank and position on the reserve active-status list of the officer shall be the date the officer would have been promoted to or recognized in the higher grade had the limitations imposed under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense contained in section 12011 of this title not existed. If an officer whose promotion is delayed under paragraph (1) or (2) has not completed the period of active duty or full-time National Guard duty that the officer is required by law or regulation to perform as a member of a reserve component, the officer may be retained on active duty or on full-time National Guard duty in the grade in which the officer was serving before the officers being found qualified for Federal recognition or the officers selection for the promotion until the officer completes that required period of duty.

10 USC 14312 - Delay of promotion: voluntary

(a) Authority for Voluntary Delays.— 

(1) The Secretary of the military department concerned may, by regulation, permit delays of a promotion of an officer who is recommended for promotion by a mandatory selection board convened under section 14101 (a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title at the request of the officer concerned. Such delays, in the case of any promotion, may extend for any period not to exceed three years from the date on which the officer would otherwise be promoted.
(2) Regulations under this section shall provide that
(A) a request for such a delay of promotion must be submitted by the officer concerned before the delay may be approved; and
(B) denial of such a request shall not be considered to be a failure of selection for promotion unless the officer declines to accept a promotion under circumstances set forth in subsection (c).
(b) Effect of Approval of Request.— 
If a request for delay of a promotion under subsection (a) is approved, the officers name shall remain on the promotion list during the authorized period of delay (unless removed under any other provision of law). Upon the end of the period of the authorized delay, or at any time during such period, the officer may accept the promotion, which shall be effective on the date of acceptance. Such an acceptance of a promotion shall be made in accordance with regulations prescribed under this section.
(c) Effect of Declining a Promotion.— 
An officers name shall be removed from the promotion list and, if the officer is serving in a grade below colonel or, in the case of the Navy, captain, the officer shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion if any of the following applies:
(1) The Secretary concerned has not authorized voluntary delays of promotion under subsection (a) to the grade concerned and the officer declines to accept an appointment to a higher grade.
(2) The Secretary concerned has authorized voluntary delays of promotion under subsection (a), but has denied the request of the officer for a delay of promotion and the officer then declines to accept an appointment to a higher grade.
(3) The Secretary concerned has approved the request of an officer for a delay of promotion and, upon the end of the period of delay authorized in accordance with regulations prescribed under subsection (a), the officer then declines to accept an appointment to a higher grade.

10 USC 14313 - Authority to vacate promotions to grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half)

(a) Authority.— 
The President may vacate the appointment of a reserve officer to the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) if the period of time during which the officer has served in that grade after promotion to that grade is less than 18 months.
(b) Effect of Promotion Being Vacated.— 
Except as provided in subsection (c), an officer whose promotion to the grade of brigadier general is vacated under this section holds the grade of colonel as a reserve of the armed force of which the officer is a member. An officer whose promotion to the grade of rear admiral (lower half) is vacated under this section holds the grade of captain in the Navy Reserve. Upon assuming the lower grade, the officer shall have the same position on the reserve active-status list as the officer would have had if the officer had not served in the higher grade.
(c) Special Rule for Officers Serving as Adjutant General.— 
In the case of an officer serving as an adjutant general or assistant adjutant general whose promotion to the grade of brigadier general is vacated under this section, the officer then holds the reserve grade held by that officer immediately before the officers appointment as adjutant general or assistant adjutant general.

10 USC 14314 - Army and Air Force commissioned officers: generals ceasing to occupy positions commensurate with grade; State adjutants general

(a) General Officers.— 
Within 30 days after a reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force on the reserve active-status list in a general officer grade ceases to occupy a position commensurate with that grade (or commensurate with a higher grade), the Secretary concerned shall transfer or discharge the officer in accordance with whichever of the following the officer elects:
(1) Transfer the officer in grade to the Retired Reserve, if the officer is qualified and applies for the transfer.
(2) Transfer the officer in grade to the inactive status list of the Standby Reserve, if the officer is qualified.
(3) Discharge the officer from the officers reserve appointment and, if the officer is qualified and applies therefor, appoint the officer in the reserve grade held by the officer as a reserve officer before the officers appointment in a general officer grade.
(4) Discharge the officer from the officers reserve appointment.
(b) Adjutants General.— 
If a reserve officer who is federally recognized in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard solely because of the officers appointment as adjutant general or assistant adjutant general of a State ceases to occupy that position, the Secretary concerned, not later than 30 days after the date on which the officer ceases to occupy that position, shall
(1) withdraw that officers Federal recognition; and
(2) require that the officer
(A) be transferred in grade to the Retired Reserve, if the officer is qualified and applies for the transfer;
(B) be discharged from the officers reserve appointment and appointed in the reserve grade held by the officer as a reserve officer immediately before the appointment of that officer as adjutant general or assistant adjutant general, if the officer is qualified and applies for that appointment; or
(C) be discharged from the officers reserve appointment.
(c) Credit for Service in Grade.— 
An officer who is appointed under subsection (a)(3) or (b)(2)(B) shall be credited with an amount of service in the grade in which appointed that is equal to the amount of prior service in an active status in that grade and in any higher grade.

10 USC 14315 - Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force officers

(a) Officers Eligible for Consideration For Vacancy Promotions Below Brigadier General.— 
A reserve officer of the Army who is in the Army Reserve, or a reserve officer of the Air Force who is in the Air Force Reserve, who is on the reserve active-status list in the grade of first lieutenant, captain, major, or lieutenant colonel is eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if each of the following applies:
(1) The officer is occupying or, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, has been recommended to occupy a position in the same competitive category as the officer and for which a grade higher than the one held by that officer is authorized.
(2) The officer is fully qualified to meet all requirements for the position as established by the Secretary of the military department concerned.
(3) The officer has held the officers present grade for the minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this title for eligibility for consideration for promotion to the higher grade.
(b) Consideration for Vacancy Promotion to Brigadier General or Major General.— 

(1)  A reserve officer of the Army who is in the Army Reserve and on the reserve active-status list in the grade of colonel or brigadier general may be considered for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if the officer
(A)  is assigned to the duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade in the Army Reserve or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army,
(B)  has held the officers present grade for the minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this title for eligibility for consideration for promotion to the higher grade, and
(C)  meets the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.
(2) A reserve officer of the Air Force who is in the Air Force Reserve and on the reserve active-status list in the grade of colonel or brigadier general may be considered for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if the officer
(A)  is assigned to the duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, and
(B)  meets the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force.
(c) Vacancy Promotion Boards.— 
Consideration for promotion under this section shall be by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title.
(d) Effect of Nonselection.— 
An officer who is considered for promotion under this section and is not selected shall not be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.
(e) Special Rule for Officers Failed of Selection.— 
A reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force who is considered as failed of selection for promotion under section 14501 of this title to a grade may be considered for promotion under this section or, if selected, promoted to that grade only if the Secretary of the military department concerned finds that the officer is the only qualified officer available to fill the vacancy. The Secretary concerned may not delegate the authority under the preceding sentence.

10 USC 14316 - Army National Guard and Air National Guard: appointment to and Federal recognition in a higher reserve grade after selection for promotion

(a) Opportunity for Promotion To Fill a Vacancy in the Guard.— 
If an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States is recommended by a mandatory selection board convened under section 14101 (a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title for promotion to the next higher grade, an opportunity shall be given to the appropriate authority of the State to promote that officer to fill a vacancy in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard of that jurisdiction.
(b) Automatic Federal Recognition.— 
An officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States who is on a promotion list for promotion to the next higher grade as a result of selection for promotion as described in subsection (a) and who before the date of promotion is appointed in that higher grade to fill a vacancy in the Army National Guard or Air National Guard shall
(1) be extended Federal recognition in that grade, without the examination prescribed in section 307 of title 32; and
(2) subject to section 14311 (e) of this title, be promoted to that reserve grade effective on the date of the officers appointment in that grade in the Army National Guard or Air National Guard.
(c) National Guard Officers Failed of Selection.— 
An officer who is considered as failed of selection for promotion under section 14501 of this title to a grade may be extended Federal recognition in that grade only if the Secretary of the military department concerned finds that the officer is the only qualified officer available to fill a vacancy. The Secretary concerned may not delegate the authority under the preceding sentence.
(d) Transfer to Army Reserve or Air Force Reserve.— 
If, on the date on which an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or of the Air National Guard of the United States who is on a promotion list as described in subsection (a) is to be promoted, the officer has not been promoted to fill a vacancy in the higher grade in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, the officers Federal recognition in the officers reserve grade shall be withdrawn and the officer shall be promoted and transferred to the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve as appropriate.

10 USC 14317 - Officers in transition to and from the active-status list or active-duty list

(a) Effect of Transfer to Inactive Status or Retired Status.— 
If a reserve officer on the reserve active-status list is transferred to an inactive status or to a retired status after having been recommended for promotion to a higher grade under this chapter or chapter 36 of this title, or after having been found qualified for Federal recognition in the higher grade under title 32, but before being promoted, the officer
(1) shall be treated as if the officer had not been considered and recommended for promotion by the selection board or examined and been found qualified for Federal recognition; and
(2) may not be placed on a promotion list or promoted to the higher grade after returning to an active status,

unless the officer is again recommended for promotion by a selection board convened under chapter 36 of this title or section 14101 (a) or 14502 of this title or examined for Federal recognition under title 32.

(b) Effect of Placement on Active-Duty List.— 
A reserve officer who is on a promotion list as a result of selection for promotion by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title and who before being promoted is placed on the active-duty list of the same armed force and placed in the same competitive category shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, be placed on an appropriate promotion list for officers on the active-duty list established under chapter 36 of this title.
(c) Officers on a Promotion List Removed From Active-Duty List.— 
An officer who is on the active-duty list and is on a promotion list as the result of selection for promotion by a selection board convened under chapter 36 of this title and who before being promoted is removed from the active-duty list and placed on the reserve active-status list of the same armed force and in the same competitive category (including a regular officer who on removal from the active-duty list is appointed as a reserve officer and placed on the reserve active-status list) shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, be placed on an appropriate promotion list established under this chapter.
(d) Officers Selected for Position Vacancies.— 

(1) Except as provided in subsection (e), if a reserve officer is ordered to active duty (other than active duty for training) or full-time National Guard duty (other than full-time National Guard duty for training only) after being recommended for promotion under section 14315 of this title to fill a position vacancy or examined for Federal recognition under title 32, and before being promoted to fill that vacancy, the officer shall not be promoted while serving such active duty or full-time National Guard duty unless the officer
(A) is ordered to active duty as a member of the unit in which the vacancy exists when that unit is ordered to active duty; or
(B) has been ordered to or is serving on active duty in support of a contingency operation.
(2) If, under this subsection, the name of an officer is removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion, the officer shall be treated as if the officer had not been considered for promotion or examined for Federal recognition.
(e) Officers Ordered to Active Duty in Time of War or National Emergency.— 

(1) A reserve officer who is not on the active-duty list and who is ordered to active duty in time of war or national emergency may, if eligible, be considered for promotion
(A) by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title or a special selection board convened under section 14502 of this title; or
(B) in the case of an officer who has been ordered to or is serving on active duty in support of a contingency operation, by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title, or by examination for Federal recognition under title 32.
(2) An officer may not be considered for promotion under this subsection after the end of the two-year period beginning on the date on which the officer is ordered to active duty.
(3) An officer may not be considered for promotion under this subsection during a period when the operation of this section has been suspended by the President under section 123 (a) of this title.
(4) Consideration of an officer for promotion under this subsection shall be under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1407 - FAILURE OF SELECTION FOR PROMOTION AND INVOLUNTARY SEPARATION

10 USC 14501 - Failure of selection for promotion

(a) Officers Below the Grade of Colonel or Navy Captain.— 
An officer on the reserve active-status list in a grade below the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer in the Navy Reserve, captain who is in or above the promotion zone established for that officers grade and competitive category and who
(1)  is considered but not recommended for promotion (other than by a vacancy promotion board), or
(2)  declines to accept a promotion for which selected (other than by a vacancy promotion board), shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.
(b) Officers Twice Failed of Selection.— 
An officer shall be considered for all purposes to have twice failed of selection for promotion if any of the following applies:
(1) The officer is considered but not recommended for promotion a second time by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 (a) of this title.
(2) The officer declines to accept a promotion for which recommended by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) or a special selection board convened under section 14502 (a) or 14502 (b) of this title after previously failing of selection or after the officers name was removed from the report of a selection board under section 14111 (b) or from a promotion list under section 14310 of this title after recommendation for promotion by an earlier selection board described in subsection (a).
(3) The officers name has been removed from the report of a selection board under section 14111 (b) or from a promotion list under section 14310 of this title after recommendation by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) or by a special selection board convened under section 14502 (a) or 14502 (b) of this title and
(A) the officer is not recommended for promotion by the next mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) or special selection board convened under section 14502 (a) of this title for that officers grade and competitive category; or
(B) the officers name is again removed from the report of a selection board under section 14111 (b) or from a promotion list under section 14310 of this title.

10 USC 14502 - Special selection boards: correction of errors

(a) Officers Not Considered Because of Administrative Error.— 

(1) In the case of an officer or former officer who the Secretary of the military department concerned determines was not considered for selection for promotion from in or above the promotion zone by a mandatory promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title because of administrative error, or whose name was not placed on an all-fully-qualified-officers list under section 14308 (b)(4) of this title because of administrative error, the Secretary concerned shall convene a special selection board under this subsection to determine whether such officer or former officer should be recommended for promotion. Any such board shall be convened under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 14102 of this title and shall include the representation of competitive categories required by that section. The members of a board convened under this subsection shall be required to take an oath in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 of this title.
(2) A special selection board convened under this subsection shall consider the record of the officer or former officer as that record would have appeared to the promotion board that should have considered the officer or former officer. That record shall be compared with a sampling of the records of those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were recommended for promotion and those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were not recommended for promotion by that board.
(3) If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer in a grade below the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer or former officer of the Navy, captain, whose name was referred to it for consideration, the officer or former officer shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.
(b) Officers Considered But Not Selected; Material Error.— 

(1) In the case of an officer or former officer who was eligible for promotion and was considered for selection for promotion from in or above the promotion zone under this chapter by a selection board but was not selected, the Secretary of the military department concerned may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, convene a special selection board under this subsection to determine whether the officer or former officer should be recommended for promotion, if the Secretary determines that
(A) the action of the selection board that considered the officer or former officer was contrary to law in a matter material to the decision of the board or involved material error of fact or material administrative error; or
(B) the selection board did not have before it for its consideration material information.
(2) A special selection board convened under paragraph (1) shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 14102 of this title (including the representation of competitive categories required by that section), and the members of such a board shall take an oath in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 of this title.
(3) Such board shall consider the record of the officer or former officer as that record, if corrected, would have appeared to the selection board that considered the officer or former officer. That record shall be compared with a sampling of the records of those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were recommended for promotion and those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were not recommended for promotion by that board.
(4) If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer in the grade of lieutenant colonel or commander or below whose name was referred to it for consideration, the officer or former officer shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion by the board which did consider the officer but incurs no additional failure of selection for promotion from the action of the special selection board.
(c) Report.— 
Each special selection board convened under this section shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned a written report, signed by each member of the board, containing the name of each officer it recommends for promotion and certifying that the board has considered carefully the record of each officer whose name was referred to it.
(d) Applicable Provisions.— 
The provisions of sections 14104, 14109, 14110, and 14111 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection board convened under this section in the same manner as they apply to the report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title.
(e) Appointment of Officers Recommended for Promotion.— 

(1) An officer whose name is placed on a promotion list as a result of recommendation for promotion by a special selection board convened under this section, shall, as soon as practicable, be appointed to the next higher grade in accordance with the law and policies which would have been applicable had he been recommended for promotion by the board which should have considered or which did consider him.
(2) An officer who is promoted to the next higher grade as the result of the recommendation of a special selection board convened under this section shall, upon such promotion, have the same date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of that grade, and the same position on the reserve active-status list as the officer would have had if the officer had been recommended for promotion to that grade by the selection board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer.
(3) If the report of a special selection board convened under this section, as approved by the President, recommends for promotion to the next higher grade an officer not currently eligible for promotion or a former officer whose name was referred to it for consideration, the Secretary concerned may act under section 1552 of this title to correct the military record of the officer or former officer to correct an error or remove an injustice resulting from not being selected for promotion by the board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer.
(f) Time Limits for Consideration.— 
The Secretary of Defense may prescribe by regulation the circumstances under which consideration by a special selection board is contingent upon application for consideration by an officer or former officer and time limits within which an officer or former officer must make such application in order to be considered by a special selection board under this section.
(g) Limitation of Other Jurisdiction.— 
No official or court of the United States shall have power or jurisdiction
(1) over any claim based in any way on the failure of an officer or former officer of the armed forces to be selected for promotion by a selection board convened under chapter 1403 of this title until
(A) the claim has been referred to a special selection board by the Secretary concerned and acted upon by that board; or
(B) the claim has been rejected by the Secretary without consideration by a special selection board; or
(2) to grant any relief on such a claim unless the officer or former officer has been selected for promotion by a special selection board convened under this section to consider the officers claim.
(h) Judicial Review.— 

(1) A court of the United States may review a determination by the Secretary concerned under subsection (a)(1), (b)(1), or (e)(3) not to convene a special selection board. If a court finds the determination to be arbitrary or capricious, not based on substantial evidence, or otherwise contrary to law, it shall remand the case to the Secretary concerned, who shall provide for consideration of the officer or former officer by a special selection board under this section.
(2) If a court finds that the action of a special selection board which considers an officer or former officer was contrary to law or involved material error of fact or material administrative error, it shall remand the case to the Secretary concerned, who shall provide the officer or former officer reconsideration by a new special selection board.
(i) Designation of Boards.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned may designate a promotion board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title as a special selection board convened under this section. A board so designated may function in both capacities.

10 USC 14503 - Discharge of officers with less than six years of commissioned service or found not qualified for promotion to first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade)

(a) Authorized Discharges.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned may discharge any reserve officer who
(1) has less than six years of service in an active status as a commissioned officer; or
(2) is serving in the grade of second lieutenant or ensign and has been found not qualified for promotion to the grade of first lieutenant or lieutenant (junior grade).
(b) Time for Discharge.— 

(1) An officer described in subsection (a)(2)
(A) may be discharged at any time after being found not qualified for promotion; and
(B) if not sooner discharged, shall be discharged at the end of the 18-month period beginning on the date on which the officer is first found not qualified for promotion.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the officer is sooner promoted.
(c) Regulations.— 
Discharges under this section shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and may be made without regard to section 12645 of this title.

10 USC 14504 - Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve first lieutenants of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants (junior grade) of the Navy

(a) General Rule.— 
A first lieutenant on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or a lieutenant (junior grade) on the reserve active-status list of the Navy who has failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade for the second time and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall be separated in accordance with section 14513 of this title not later than the first day of the seventh month after the month in which the President approves the report of the board which considered the officer for the second time.
(b) Exceptions.— 
Subsection (a) does not apply
(1)  in the case of an officer retained as provided by regulation of the Secretary of the military department concerned in order to meet planned mobilization needs for a period not in excess of 24 months beginning with the date on which the President approves the report of the selection board which resulted in the second failure, or
(2)  as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this title.
(c) Officers in Grade of First Lieutenant or Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Found Not Fully Qualified for Promotion.For the purposes of this chapter, an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps on a reserve active-status list who holds the grade of first lieutenant, and an officer of the Navy on a reserve active-status list who holds the grade of lieutenant (junior grade), shall be treated as having failed of selection for promotion if the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that the officer would be eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade by a selection board convened under section 14101 (a) of this title if such a board were convened but is not fully qualified for promotion when recommending for promotion under section 14308 (b)(4) of this title all fully qualified officers of the officers armed force in such grade who would be eligible for such consideration.

10 USC 14505 - Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve captains of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenants of the Navy

Unless retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this title, a captain on the reserve active-status list of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or a lieutenant on the reserve active-status list of the Navy who has failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade for the second time and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade and who has not been selected for continuation on the reserve active-status list under section 14701 of this title, shall be separated in accordance with section 14513 of this title not later than the first day of the seventh month after the month in which the President approves the report of the board which considered the officer for the second time.

10 USC 14506 - Effect of failure of selection for promotion: reserve majors of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve lieutenant commanders of the Navy

Unless retained as provided in section 12646, 12686, 14701, or 14702 of this title, each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds the grade of major or lieutenant commander who has failed of selection to the next higher grade for the second time and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall, if not earlier removed from the reserve active-status list, be removed from that list in accordance with section 14513 of this title on the later of
(1)  the first day of the month after the month in which the officer completes 20 years of commissioned service, or
(2)  the first day of the seventh month after the month in which the President approves the report of the board which considered the officer for the second time.

10 USC 14507 - Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve lieutenant colonels and colonels of the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and reserve commanders and captains of the Navy

(a) Lieutenant Colonels and Commanders.— 
Unless continued on the reserve active-status list under section 14701 or 14702 of this title or retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this title, each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds the grade of lieutenant colonel or commander and who is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall (if not earlier removed from the reserve active-status list) be removed from that list under section 14514 of this title on the first day of the month after the month in which the officer completes 28 years of commissioned service.
(b) Colonels and Navy Captains.— 
Unless continued on the reserve active-status list under section 14701 or 14702 of this title or retained as provided in section 12646 or 12686 of this title, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps who holds the grade of colonel, and each reserve officer of the Navy who holds the grade of captain, and who is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall (if not earlier removed from the reserve active-status list) be removed from that list under section 14514 of this title on the first day of the month after the month in which the officer completes 30 years of commissioned service. This subsection does not apply to the adjutant general or assistant adjutants general of a State.
(c) Temporary Authority To Retain Certain Officers Designated as Judge Advocates.— 

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), the Secretary of the Air Force may retain on the reserve active-status list any reserve officer of the Air Force who is designated as a judge advocate and who obtained the first professional degree in law while on an educational delay program subsequent to being commissioned through the Reserve Officers Training Corps.
(2) No more than 50 officers may be retained on the reserve active-status list under the authority of paragraph (1) at any time.
(3) No officer may be retained on the reserve active-status list under the authority of paragraph (1) for a period exceeding three years from the date on which, but for that authority, that officer would have been removed from the reserve active-status list under subsection (a) or (b).
(4) The authority of the Secretary of the Air Force under paragraph (1) expires on September 30, 2003.

10 USC 14508 - Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers

(a) Thirty Years Service or Five Years in Grade for Brigadier Generals and Rear Admirals (Lower Half).Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of brigadier general who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of major general, and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) who has not been recommended for promotion to rear admiral shall, 30 days after completion of 30 years of commissioned service or on the fifth anniversary of the date of the officers appointment in the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half), whichever is later, be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title.
(b) Thirty-Five Years Service or Five Years in Grade for Major Generals and Rear Admirals.— 
Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major general, and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of rear admiral, shall, 30 days after completion of 35 years of commissioned service or on the fifth anniversary of the date of the officers appointment in the grade of major general or rear admiral, whichever is later, be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title.
(c) Thirty-Eight Years of Service for Lieutenant Generals and Vice Admirals.— 
Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of lieutenant general and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of vice admiral shall be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title on the later of the following:
(1) 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned service.
(2) The fifth anniversary of the date of the officers appointment in the grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral.
(d) Forty Years of Service for Generals and Admirals.— 
Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of general and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of admiral shall be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title on the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the fifth anniversary of the officers appointment to that grade or 30 days after the date on which the officer completes 40 years of commissioned service, whichever is later.
(e) Retention of Brigadier Generals.— 
A reserve officer of the Army or Air Force in the grade of brigadier general who would otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection (a) may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active status, but not later than the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 62 years of age. Not more than 10 officers of the Army and not more than 10 officers of the Air Force may be retained under this subsection at any one time.
(f) Retention of Major Generals.— 
A reserve officer of the Army or Air Force in the grade of major general who would otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection (b) may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active status, but not later than the date on which the officer becomes 64 years of age. Not more than 10 officers of the Army and not more than 10 officers of the Air Force may be retained under this subsection at any one time.
(g) Retention of Lieutenant Generals.— 
A reserve officer of the Army or Air Force in the grade of lieutenant general who would otherwise be removed from an active status under subsection (c) may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as the case may be, be retained in an active status, but not later than the date on which the officer becomes 66 years of age.
(h) Exception for State Adjutants General and Assistant Adjutants General.— 
This section does not apply to an officer who is the adjutant general or assistant adjutant general of a State.

10 USC 14509 - Separation at age 62: reserve officers in grades below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half)

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) and is not a member of the Retired Reserve shall, on the last day of the month in which that officer becomes 62 years of age, be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title.

10 USC 14510 - Separation at age 62: brigadier generals and rear admirals (lower half)

Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of brigadier general who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of major general, and each reserve rear admiral (lower half) of the Navy who has not been recommended for promotion to the grade of rear admiral, except an officer covered by section 14512 of this title, shall be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title on the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 62 years of age.

10 USC 14511 - Separation at age 64: officers in grade of major general or rear admiral and above

(a) Separation Required.— 
Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, each reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of major general or above and each reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of rear admiral or above shall be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title on the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 64 years of age.
(b) Exception for Officers Serving in O–9 and O–10 Positions.— 
The retirement of a reserve officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in the grade of lieutenant general or general, or a reserve officer of the Navy in the grade of vice admiral or admiral, under subsection (a) may be deferred
(1) by the President, but such a deferment may not extend beyond the first day of the month following the month in which the officer becomes 68 years of age; or
(2) by the Secretary of Defense, but such a deferment may not extend beyond the first day of the month following the month in which the officer becomes 66 years of age.
(c) Exception for Officers Holding Certain Offices.— 
This section does not apply to an officer covered by section 14512 of this title.

10 USC 14512 - Separation at age 66: officers holding certain offices

(a) Army and Air Force.— 

(1) Unless retired, transferred to the Retired Reserve, or discharged at an earlier date, a reserve officer of the Army or Air Force who is specified in paragraph (2) shall on the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 66 years of age, be separated in accordance with section 14515 of this title.
(2) Paragraph (1) applies to a reserve officer of the Army or Air Force who is any of the following:
(A) The Chief of the Army Reserve, Chief of the Air Force Reserve, Director of the Army National Guard, or Director of the Air National Guard.
(B) An adjutant general.
(C) If a reserve officer of the Army, the commanding general of the troops of a State.
(b) Navy and Marine Corps.— 

(1) The Secretary of the Navy may defer the retirement under section 14510 or 14511 of a reserve officer of the Navy in a grade above captain or a reserve officer of the Marine Corps in a grade above colonel and retain the officer in an active status until the officer becomes 66 years of age. Not more than 10 officers may be so deferred at any one time, distributed between the Navy Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve as the Secretary determines.
(2) The Secretary of Defense may defer the retirement of a reserve officer serving in the position of Chief of the Navy Reserve or Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve, but such deferment may not extend beyond the first day of the month following the month in which the officer becomes 66 years of age. A deferment under this paragraph shall not count toward the limitation on the total number of officers whose retirement may be deferred at any one time under paragraph (1).

10 USC 14513 - Failure of selection for promotion: transfer, retirement, or discharge

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is in an active status and whose removal from an active status or from a reserve active-status list is required by section 14504, 14505, or 14506 of this title shall (unless the officers separation is deferred or the officer is continued in an active status under another provision of law) not later than the date specified in those sections
(1) be transferred to an inactive status if the Secretary concerned determines that the officer has skills which may be required to meet the mobilization needs of the officers armed force;
(2) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or
(3) if the officer is not transferred to an inactive status or to the Retired Reserve, be discharged from the officers reserve appointment.

10 USC 14514 - Discharge or retirement for years of service or after selection for early removal

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is in an active status and who is required to be removed from an active status or from a reserve active-status list, as the case may be, under section 14507, 14508, 14704, or 14705 of this title (unless the officer is sooner separated or the officers separation is deferred or the officer is continued in an active status under another provision of law), in accordance with those sections, shall
(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or
(2) be discharged from the officers reserve appointment if the officer is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred.

10 USC 14515 - Discharge or retirement for age

Each reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is in an active status or on an inactive-status list and who reaches the maximum age specified in section 14509, 14510, 14511, or 14512 of this title for the officers grade or position shall (unless the officer is sooner separated or the officers separation is deferred or the officer is continued in an active status under another provision of law) not later than the last day of the month in which the officer reaches that maximum age
(1) be transferred to the Retired Reserve if the officer is qualified for such transfer and does not request (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be transferred to the Retired Reserve; or
(2) be discharged from the officers reserve appointment if the officer is not qualified for transfer to the Retired Reserve or has requested (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned) not to be so transferred.

10 USC 14516 - Separation to be considered involuntary

The separation of an officer pursuant to section 14513, 14514, or 14515 of this title shall be considered to be an involuntary separation for purposes of any other provision of law.

10 USC 14517 - Entitlement of officers discharged under this chapter to separation pay

An officer who is discharged under section 14513, 14514, or 14515 of this title is entitled to separation pay under section 1174 of this title if otherwise eligible under that section.

10 USC 14518 - Continuation of officers to complete disciplinary action

The Secretary concerned may delay the separation or retirement under this chapter of an officer against whom an action has been commenced with a view to trying the officer by court-martial. Any such delay may continue until the completion of the disciplinary action against the officer.

10 USC 14519 - Deferment of retirement or separation for medical reasons

(a) Authority.— 
If, in the case of an officer required to be retired or separated under this chapter or chapter 1409 of this title, the Secretary concerned determines that the evaluation of the physical condition of the officer and determination of the officers entitlement to retirement or separation for physical disability require hospitalization or medical observation and that such hospitalization or medical observation cannot be completed with confidence in a manner consistent with the officers well being before the date on which the officer would otherwise be required to retire or be separated, the Secretary may defer the retirement or separation of the officer.
(b) Period of Deferment.— 
A deferral of retirement or separation under subsection (a) may not extend for more than 30 days after the completion of the evaluation requiring hospitalization or medical observation.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1409 - CONTINUATION OF OFFICERS ON THE RESERVE ACTIVE-STATUS LIST AND SELECTIVE EARLY REMOVAL

10 USC 14701 - Selection of officers for continuation on the reserve active-status list

(a) Consideration for Continuation.— 

(1) A reserve officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps who is required to be removed from the reserve active-status list under section 14505, 14506, or 14507 of this title may, subject to the needs of the service and to section 14509 of this title, be considered for continuation on the reserve active-status list under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.
(2) A reserve officer who holds the grade of captain in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or the grade of lieutenant in the Navy and who is subject to separation under section 14513 of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of the month in which the officer completes 20 years of commissioned service.
(3) A reserve officer who holds the grade of major or lieutenant commander and who is subject to separation under section 14513 of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of the month in which the officer completes 24 years of commissioned service.
(4) A reserve officer who holds the grade of lieutenant colonel or commander and who is subject to separation under section 14514 of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of the month in which the officer completes 33 years of commissioned service.
(5) A reserve officer who holds the grade of colonel in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps or the grade of captain in the Navy and who is subject to separation under section 14514 of this title may not be continued on the reserve active-status list under this subsection for a period which extends beyond the last day of the month in which the officer completes 35 years of commissioned service.
(6) An officer who is selected for continuation on the reserve active-status list under regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) but who declines to continue on that list shall be separated in accordance with section 14513 or 14514 of this title, as the case may be.
(7) Each officer who is continued on the reserve active-status list under this section, who is not subsequently promoted or continued on the active-status list, and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion to the next higher grade shall (unless sooner separated under another provision of law) be separated in accordance with section 14513 or 14514 of this title, as appropriate, upon the expiration of the period for which the officer was continued on the reserve active-status list.
(b) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.

10 USC 14702 - Retention on reserve active-status list of certain officers in the grade of major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, or brigadier general

(a) Retention.— 
Notwithstanding the provisions of section 14506, 14507, or 14508 of this title, the Secretary of the military department concerned may, with the officers consent, retain on the reserve active-status list an officer in the grade of major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, or brigadier general who is
(1) an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States and assigned to a headquarters or headquarters detachment of a State; or
(2) a reserve officer of the Army or Air Force who, as a condition of continued employment as a National Guard or Reserve technician is required by the Secretary concerned to maintain membership in a Selected Reserve unit or organization.
(b) Separation for Age.— 
An officer may be retained under this section only so long as the officer continues to meet the conditions of paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a). An officer described in paragraph (1) of such subsection may not be retained under this section after the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 62 years of age. An officer described in paragraph (2) of such subsection may not be retained under this section after the last day of the month in which the officer becomes 60 years of age.

10 USC 14703 - Authority to retain chaplains and officers in medical specialties until specified age

(a) Retention.— 
Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 1407 of this title and except for officers referred to in sections 14503, 14504, 14505, and 14506 of this title and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense
(1) the Secretary of the Army may, with the officers consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer assigned to the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the Veterinary Corps, the Medical Services Corps (if the officer has been designated as allied health officer or biomedical sciences officer in that Corps), the Optometry Section of the Medical Services Corps, the Chaplains, the Army Nurse Corps, or the Army Medical Specialists Corps;
(2) the Secretary of the Navy may, with the officers consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer appointed in the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, or Chaplain Corps or appointed in the Medical Services Corps and designated to perform as a veterinarian, optometrist, podiatrist, allied health officer, or biomedical sciences officer; and
(3) the Secretary of the Air Force may, with the officers consent, retain in an active status any reserve officer who is designated as a medical officer, dental officer, Air Force nurse, Medical Service Corps officer, biomedical sciences officer, or chaplain.
(b) Separation at Specified Age.— 
An officer may not be retained in active status under this section later than the date on which the officer becomes 68 years of age.

10 USC 14704 - Selective early removal from the reserve active-status list

(a) Boards To Recommend Officers for Removal From Reserve Active-Status List.— 
Whenever the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that there are in any reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary too many officers in any grade and competitive category who have at least 30 years of service computed under section 14706 of this title or at least 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this title, the Secretary may convene a selection board under section 14101 (b) of this title to consider all officers on that list who are in that grade and competitive category, and who have that amount of service, for the purpose of recommending officers by name for removal from the reserve active-status list, in the number specified by the Secretary by each grade and competitive category.
(b) Separation of Officers Selected.— 
In the case of an officer recommended for separation in the report of a board under subsection (a), the Secretary may separate the officer in accordance with section 14514 of this title.
(c) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.

10 USC 14705 - Selective early retirement: reserve general and flag officers of the Navy and Marine Corps

(a) Authority To Consider.— 
An officer in the Navy Reserve in an active status serving in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) or rear admiral and an officer in the Marine Corps Reserve in an active status serving in the grade of brigadier general or major general may be considered for early retirement whenever the Secretary of the Navy determines that such action is necessary.
(b) Boards.— 

(1) If the Secretary of the Navy determines that consideration of officers for early retirement under this section is necessary, the Secretary shall convene a selection board under section 14101 (b) of this title to recommend an appropriate number of officers for early retirement.
(2) In the case of such a board convened to consider officers in the grade of rear admiral or major general, the Secretary of the Navy may appoint the board without regard to section 14102 (b) of this title. In doing so, however, the Secretary shall ensure that
(A) each regular commissioned officer appointed to the board holds a grade higher than the grade of rear admiral or major general; and
(B) at least one member of the board is a reserve officer who holds the grade of rear admiral or major general.
(c) Separation Under Section 14514.— 
An officer selected for early retirement under this section shall be separated in accordance with section 14514 of this title.

10 USC 14706 - Computation of total years of service

(a) For the purpose of this chapter and chapter 1407 of this title, a Reserve officers years of service include all service of the officer as a commissioned officer of a uniformed service other than the following:
(1) Service as a warrant officer.
(2) Constructive service.
(3) Service after appointment as a commissioned officer of a reserve component while in a program of advanced education to obtain the first professional degree required for appointment, designation, or assignment to a professional specialty, but only if that service occurs before the officer commences initial service on active duty or initial service in the Ready Reserve in the specialty that results from such a degree.
(b) The exclusion under subsection (a)(3) does not apply to service performed by an officer who previously served on active duty or participated as a member of the Ready Reserve in other than a student status for the period of service preceding the members service in a student status.
(c) For purposes of subsection (a)(3), an officer shall be considered to be in a professional specialty if the officer is appointed or assigned to the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the Veterinary Corps, the Medical Service Corps, the Nurse Corps, or the Army Medical Specialists Corps or is designated as a chaplain or judge advocate.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1411 - ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INVOLUNTARY SEPARATION

10 USC 14901 - Separation of chaplains for loss of professional qualifications

(a) Separation.— 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, an officer on the reserve active-status list who is appointed or designated as a chaplain may, if the officer fails to maintain the qualifications needed to perform the professional function of a chaplain, be discharged. The authority under the preceding sentence applies without regard to the provisions of section 12645 of this title.
(b) Effect of Separation.— 
If an officer separated under this section is eligible for retirement, the officer may be retired. If the officer has completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title, the officer may be transferred to the Retired Reserve.

10 USC 14902 - Separation for substandard performance and for certain other reasons

(a) Substandard Performance of Duty.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall prescribe, by regulation, procedures for the review at any time of the record of any reserve officer to determine whether that officer should be required, because that officers performance has fallen below standards prescribed by the Secretary concerned, to show cause for retention in an active status.
(b) Misconduct, Etc.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall prescribe, by regulation, procedures for the review at any time of the record of any reserve officer to determine whether that officer should be required, because of misconduct, because of moral or professional dereliction, or because the officers retention is not clearly consistent with the interests of national security, to show cause for retention in an active status.
(c) Regulations.— 
The authority of the Secretary of a military department under this section shall be carried out subject to such limitations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe by regulation.

10 USC 14903 - Boards of inquiry

(a) Convening of Boards.— 
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall convene a board of inquiry at such time and place as the Secretary may prescribe to receive evidence and review the case of any officer who has been required to show cause for retention in an active status under section 14902 of this title. Each board of inquiry shall be composed of not less than three officers who have the qualifications prescribed in section 14906 of this title.
(b) Right to Fair Hearing.— 
A board of inquiry shall give a fair and impartial hearing to each officer required under section 14902 of this title to show cause for retention in an active status.
(c) Recommendations to Secretary.— 
If a board of inquiry determines that the officer has failed to establish that the officer should be retained in an active status, the board shall recommend to the Secretary concerned that the officer not be retained in an active status.
(d) Action by Secretary.— 
After review of the recommendation of the board of inquiry, the Secretary may
(1) remove the officer from an active status; or
(2) determine that the case be closed.
(e) Action in Cases Where Cause for Retention Is Established.— 

(1) If a board of inquiry determines that an officer has established that the officer should be retained in an active status or if the Secretary determines that the case be closed, the officers case is closed.
(2) An officer who is required to show cause for retention under section 14902 (a) of this title and whose case is closed under paragraph (1) may not again be required to show cause for retention under such subsection during the one-year period beginning on the date of that determination.
(3) 
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), an officer who is required to show cause for retention under section 14902 (b) of this title and whose case is closed under paragraph (1) may again be required to show cause for retention at any time.
(B) An officer who has been required to show cause for retention under section 14902 (b) of this title and who is thereafter retained in an active status may not again be required to show cause for retention under such section solely because of conduct which was the subject of the previous proceeding, unless the recommendations of the board of inquiry that considered the officers case are determined to have been obtained by fraud or collusion.

10 USC 14904 - Rights and procedures

(a) Procedural Rights.— 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, an officer required under section 14902 of this title to show cause for retention in an active status
(1) shall be notified in writing, at least 30 days before the hearing of the officers case by a board of inquiry, of the reasons for which the officer is being required to show cause for retention in an active status;
(2) shall be allowed a reasonable time, as determined by the board of inquiry, to prepare for showing of cause for retention in an active status;
(3) shall be allowed to appear in person and to be represented by counsel at proceedings before the board of inquiry; and
(4) shall be allowed full access to, and shall be furnished copies of, records relevant to the case, except that the board of inquiry shall withhold any record that the Secretary concerned determines should be withheld in the interest of national security.
(b) Summary of Records Withheld.— 
When a record is withheld under subsection (a)(4), the officer whose case is under consideration shall, to the extent that the interest of national security permits, be furnished a summary of the record so withheld.

10 USC 14905 - Officer considered for removal: retirement or discharge

(a) Voluntary Retirement or Discharge.— 
At any time during proceedings under this chapter with respect to the removal of an officer from an active status, the Secretary of the military department concerned may grant a request by the officer
(1) for voluntary retirement, if the officer is qualified for retirement;
(2) for transfer to the Retired Reserve if the officer has completed the years of service required for eligibility for retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title and is otherwise eligible for transfer to the Retired Reserve; or
(3) for discharge in accordance with subsection (b)(3).
(b) Required Retirement or Discharge.— 
An officer removed from an active status under section 14903 of this title shall
(1) if eligible for voluntary retirement under any provision of law on the date of such removal, be retired in the grade and with the retired pay for which he would be eligible if retired under that provision;
(2) if eligible for transfer to the Retired Reserve and has completed the years of service required for retired pay under chapter 1223 of this title, be transferred to the Retired Reserve; and
(3) if ineligible for retirement or transfer to the Retired Reserve under paragraph (1) or (2) on the date of such removal
(A) be honorably discharged in the grade then held, in the case of an officer whose case was brought under subsection (a) of section 14902 of this title; or
(B) be discharged in the grade then held, in the case of an officer whose case was brought under subsection (b) of section 14902 of this title.
(c) Separation Pay.— 
An officer who is discharged under subsection (b)(3) is entitled, if eligible therefor, to separation pay under section 1174 (c) of this title.

10 USC 14906 - Officers eligible to serve on boards

(a) Composition of Boards.— 
Each board convened under this chapter shall consist of officers appointed as follows:
(1) Each member of the board shall be an officer of the same armed force as the officer being required to show cause for retention in an active status.
(2) Each member of the board shall hold a grade above major or lieutenant commander, except that at least one member of the board shall hold a grade above lieutenant colonel or commander.
(3) Each member of the board shall be senior in grade to any officer to be considered by the board.
(b) Limitation.— 
A person may not be a member of more than one board convened under this chapter to consider the same officer.

10 USC 14907 - Army National Guard of the United States and Air National Guard of the United States: discharge and withdrawal of Federal recognition of officers absent without leave

(a) Authority To Withdraw Federal Recognition.— 
If an officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States has been absent without leave for three months, the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as appropriate, may
(1) terminate the reserve appointment of the officer; and
(2) withdraw the officers Federal recognition as an officer of the National Guard.
(b) Discharge From Reserve Appointment.— 
An officer of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States whose Federal recognition as an officer of the National Guard is withdrawn under section 323 (b) of title 32 shall be discharged from the officers appointment as a reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force, as the case may be.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - PART IV - TRAINING FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS AND EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1601 - TRAINING GENERALLY

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1606 - EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE SELECTED RESERVE

10 USC 16131 - Educational assistance program: establishment; amount

(a) To encourage membership in units of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve, the Secretary of each military department, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, shall establish and maintain a program to provide educational assistance to members of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned who agree to remain members of the Selected Reserve for a period of not less than six years.
(b) 
(1) Except as provided in subsections (d) through (f), each educational assistance program established under subsection (a) shall provide for payment by the Secretary concerned, through the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, to each person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is pursuing a program of education of an educational assistance allowance at the following rates:
(A) $251 (as increased from time to time under paragraph (2)) per month for each month of full-time pursuit of a program of education;
(B) $188 (as increased from time to time under paragraph (2)) per month for each month of three-quarter-time pursuit of a program of education;
(C) $125 (as increased from time to time under paragraph (2)) per month for each month of half-time pursuit of a program of education; and
(D) an appropriately reduced rate, as determined under regulations which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe, for each month of less than half-time pursuit of a program of education, except that no payment may be made to a person for less than half-time pursuit if tuition assistance is otherwise available to the person for such pursuit from the military department concerned.
(2) With respect to any fiscal year, the Secretary shall provide a percentage increase (rounded to the nearest dollar) in the rates payable under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1) equal to the percentage by which
(A) the Consumer Price Index (all items, United States city average) for the 12-month period ending on the June 30 preceding the beginning of the fiscal year for which the increase is made, exceeds
(B) such Consumer Price Index for the 12-month period preceding the 12-month period described in subparagraph (A).
(c) 
(1) Educational assistance may be provided under this chapter for pursuit of any program of education that is an approved program of education for purposes of chapter 30 of title 38.
(2) Subject to section 3695 of title 38, the maximum number of months of educational assistance that may be provided to any person under this chapter is 36 (or the equivalent thereof in part-time educational assistance).
(3) 
(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or chapter 36 of title 38, any payment of an educational assistance allowance described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph shall not
(i) be charged against the entitlement of any individual under this chapter; or
(ii) be counted toward the aggregate period for which section 3695 of title 38 limits an individuals receipt of assistance.
(B) The payment of the educational assistance allowance referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph is the payment of such an allowance to the individual for pursuit of a course or courses under this chapter if the Secretary of Veterans Affairs finds that the individual
(i) had to discontinue such course pursuit as a result of being ordered to serve on active duty under section 12301 (a), 12301 (d), 12301 (g), 12302, or 12304 of this title; and
(ii) failed to receive credit or training time toward completion of the individuals approved educational, professional, or vocational objective as a result of having to discontinue, as described in clause (i), the individuals course pursuit.
(C) The period for which, by reason of this subsection, an educational assistance allowance is not charged against entitlement or counted toward the applicable aggregate period under section 3695 of title 38 shall not exceed the portion of the period of enrollment in the course or courses for which the individual failed to receive credit or with respect to which the individual lost training time, as determined under subparagraph (B)(ii).
(d) 
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amount of the monthly educational assistance allowance payable to a person pursuing a full-time program of apprenticeship or other on-the-job training under this chapter is
(A) for each of the first six months of the persons pursuit of such program, 75 percent of the monthly educational assistance allowance otherwise payable to such person under this chapter;
(B) for each of the second six months of the persons pursuit of such program, 55 percent of such monthly educational assistance allowance; and
(C) for each of the months following the first 12 months of the persons pursuit of such program, 35 percent of such monthly educational assistance allowance.
(2) In any month in which any person pursuing a program of education consisting of a program of apprenticeship or other on-the-job training fails to complete 120 hours of training, the amount of the monthly educational assistance allowance payable under this chapter to the person shall be limited to the same proportion of the applicable full-time rate as the number of hours worked during such month, rounded to the nearest 8 hours, bears to 120 hours.
(3) 
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for each month that such person is paid a monthly educational assistance allowance under this chapter, the persons entitlement under this chapter shall be charged at the rate of
(i) 75 percent of a month in the case of payments made in accordance with paragraph (1)(A);
(ii) 55 percent of a month in the case of payments made in accordance with paragraph (1)(B); and
(iii) 35 percent of a month in the case of payments made in accordance with paragraph (1)(C).
(B) Any such charge to the entitlement shall be reduced proportionately in accordance with the reduction in payment under paragraph (2).
(e) 
(1) 
(A) The amount of the educational assistance allowance payable under this chapter to a person who enters into an agreement to pursue, and is pursuing, a program of education exclusively by correspondence is an amount equal to 55 percent of the established charge which the institution requires nonveterans to pay for the course or courses pursued by such person.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term established charge means the lesser of
(i) the charge for the course or courses determined on the basis of the lowest extended time payment plan offered by the institution and approved by the appropriate State approving agency; or
(ii) the actual charge to the person for such course or courses.
(C) Such allowance shall be paid quarterly on a pro rata basis for the lessons completed by the person and serviced by the institution.
(2) In each case in which the amount of educational assistance is determined under paragraph (1), the period of entitlement of the person concerned shall be charged with one month for each amount equal to the amount of the monthly rate payable under subsection (b)(1)(A) for the fiscal year concerned which is paid to the individual as an educational assistance allowance.
(f) 
(1) Each individual who is pursuing a program of education consisting exclusively of flight training approved as meeting the requirements of section 16136 (c) of this title shall be paid an educational assistance allowance under this chapter in the amount equal to 60 percent of the established charges for tuition and fees which similarly circumstanced nonveterans enrolled in the same flight course are required to pay.
(2) No educational assistance allowance may be paid under this chapter to an individual for any month during which such individual is pursuing a program of education consisting exclusively of flight training until the Secretary has received from that individual and the institution providing such training a certification of the flight training received by the individual during that month and the tuition and other fees charged for that training.
(3) The period of entitlement of an individual pursuing a program of education described in paragraph (1) shall be charged with one month for each amount equal to the amount of the monthly rate payable under subsection (b)(1)(A) for the fiscal year concerned which is paid to that individual as an educational assistance allowance for such program.
(4) The number of solo flying hours for which an individual may be paid an educational assistance allowance under this subsection may not exceed the minimum number of solo flying hours required by the Federal Aviation Administration for the flight rating or certification which is the goal of the individuals flight training.
(g) 
(1) 
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall approve individualized tutorial assistance for any person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who
(i) is enrolled in and pursuing a postsecondary course of education on a half-time or more basis at an educational institution; and
(ii) has a deficiency in a subject required as a part of, or which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the satisfactory pursuit of, the program of education.
(B) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall not approve individualized tutorial assistance for a person pursuing a program of education under this paragraph unless such assistance is necessary for the person to successfully complete the program of education.
(2) 
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary concerned, through the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall pay to a person receiving individualized tutorial assistance pursuant to paragraph (1) a tutorial assistance allowance. The amount of the allowance payable under this paragraph may not exceed $100 for any month, nor aggregate more than $1,200. The amount of the allowance paid under this paragraph shall be in addition to the amount of educational assistance allowance payable to a person under this chapter.
(B) A tutorial assistance allowance may not be paid to a person under this paragraph until the educational institution at which the person is enrolled certifies that
(i) the individualized tutorial assistance is essential to correct a deficiency of the person in a subject required as a part of, or which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the satisfactory pursuit of, an approved program of education;
(ii) the tutor chosen to perform such assistance is qualified to provide such assistance and is not the persons parent, spouse, child (whether or not married or over eighteen years of age), brother, or sister; and
(iii) the charges for such assistance do not exceed the customary charges for such tutorial assistance.
(3) 
(A) A persons period of entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged only with respect to the amount of tutorial assistance paid to the person under this subsection in excess of $600.
(B) A persons period of entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged at the rate of one month for each amount of assistance paid to the individual under this section in excess of $600 that is equal to the amount of the monthly educational assistance allowance which the person is otherwise eligible to receive for full-time pursuit of an institutional course under this chapter.
(h) A program of education in a course of instruction beyond the baccalaureate degree level shall be provided under this chapter, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(i) 
(1) In the case of a person who has a skill or specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a skill or specialty in which there is a critical shortage of personnel or for which it is difficult to recruit or, in the case of critical units, retain personnel, the Secretary concerned may increase the rate of the educational assistance allowance applicable to that person to such rate in excess of the rate prescribed under subparagraphs (A) through (D) of subsection (b)(1) as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate, but the amount of any such increase may not exceed $350 per month.
(2) In the case of a person who has a skill or specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a skill or specialty in which there is a critical shortage of personnel or for which it is difficult to recruit or, in the case of critical units, retain personnel, who is eligible for educational benefits under chapter 30 (other than section 3012) of title 38 and who meets the eligibility criteria specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 16132 (a)(1) of this title, the Secretary concerned may increase the rate of the educational assistance allowance applicable to that person to such rate in excess of the rate prescribed under section 3015 of title 38 as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate, but the amount of any such increase may not exceed $350 per month.
(3) The authority provided by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be exercised by the Secretaries concerned under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.
(j) 
(1) Subject to paragraph (3), the amount of educational assistance payable under this chapter for a licensing or certification test described in section 3452 (b) of title 38 is the lesser of $2,000 or the fee charged for the test.
(2) The number of months of entitlement charged in the case of any individual for such licensing or certification test is equal to the number (including any fraction) determined by dividing the total amount of educational assistance paid such individual for such test by the full-time monthly institutional rate of educational assistance which, but for paragraph (1), such individual would otherwise be paid under subsection (b).
(3) In no event shall payment of educational assistance under this subsection for such a test exceed the amount of the individuals available entitlement under this chapter.

10 USC 16131a - Accelerated payment of educational assistance

(a) The educational assistance allowance payable under section 16131 of this title with respect to an eligible person described in subsection (b) may, upon the election of such eligible person, be paid on an accelerated basis in accordance with this section.
(b) An eligible person described in this subsection is a person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is
(1) enrolled in an approved program of education not exceeding two years in duration and not leading to an associate, bachelors, masters, or other degree, subject to subsection (g); and
(2) charged tuition and fees for the program of education that, when divided by the number of months (and fractions thereof) in the enrollment period, exceeds the amount equal to 200 percent of the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the person under section 16131 of this title.
(c) 
(1) The amount of the accelerated payment of educational assistance payable with respect to an eligible person making an election under subsection (a) for a program of education shall be the lesser of
(A) the amount equal to 60 percent of the established charges for the program of education; or
(B) the aggregate amount of educational assistance allowance to which the person remains entitled under this chapter at the time of the payment.
(2) 
(A) In this subsection, except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term established charges, in the case of a program of education, means the actual charges (as determined pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) for tuition and fees which similarly circumstanced individuals who are not eligible for benefits under this chapter and who are enrolled in the program of education would be required to pay. Established charges shall be determined on the following basis:
(i) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of education offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the term, quarter, or semester.
(ii) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of education not offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the entire program of education.
(B) In this subsection, the term established charges does not include any fees or payments attributable to the purchase of a vehicle.
(3) The educational institution providing the program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance is elected by an eligible person under subsection (a) shall certify to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs the amount of the established charges for the program of education.
(d) An accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible person under this section for a program of education shall be made not later than the last day of the month immediately following the month in which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs receives a certification from the educational institution regarding
(1) the persons enrollment in and pursuit of the program of education; and
(2) the amount of the established charges for the program of education.
(e) 
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for each accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible person under this section, the persons entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged the number of months (and any fraction thereof) determined by dividing the amount of the accelerated payment by the full-time monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the person under section 16131 of this title as of the beginning date of the enrollment period for the program of education for which the accelerated payment is made.
(2) If the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to an eligible person under section 16131 of this title increases during the enrollment period of a program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance is made under this section, the charge to the persons entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be determined by prorating the entitlement chargeable, in the manner provided for under paragraph (1), for the periods covered by the initial rate and increased rate, respectively, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
(f) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. The regulations shall include requirements, conditions, and methods for the request, issuance, delivery, certification of receipt and use, and recovery of overpayment of an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance under this section. The regulations may include such elements of the regulations prescribed under section 3014A of title 38 as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs considers appropriate for purposes of this section.
(g) The aggregate amount of educational assistance payable under this section in any fiscal year for enrollments covered by subsection (b)(1) may not exceed $4,000,000.

10 USC 16132 - Eligibility for educational assistance

(a) A person who
(1) after June 30, 1985
(A) enlists, reenlists, or extends an enlistment as a Reserve for service in the Selected Reserve for a period of not less than six years; or
(B) is appointed as, or is serving as, a reserve officer and agrees to serve in the Selected Reserve for a period of not less than six years in addition to any other period of obligated service in the Selected Reserve to which the person may be subject; and
(2) before applying for benefits under this section, has completed the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or an equivalency certificate);

is entitled to educational assistance under section 16131 of this title.

(b) Educational assistance may not be provided to a member under this chapter until the member has completed the initial period of active duty for training required of the member.
(c) Each person who becomes entitled to educational assistance under subsection (a) shall at the time the person becomes so entitled be given a statement in writing summarizing the provisions of this chapter and stating clearly and prominently the substance of sections 16134 and 16135 of this title as such sections may apply to the person. At the request of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of Defense shall transmit a notice of entitlement for each such person to that Secretary.
(d) A person who serves in the Selected Reserve may not receive credit for such service under both the program established by chapter 30 of title 38 and the program established by this chapter but shall elect (in such form and manner as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) the program to which such service is to be credited. However, a person may not receive credit under the program established by this chapter for service (in any grade) on full-time active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components in a position which is included in the end strength required to be authorized each year by section 115 (a)(1)(B) of this title.

10 USC 16132a - Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members

(a) In General.— 
Subject to regulation prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary concerned may permit a member described in subsection (b) who is entitled to basic educational assistance under this chapter to elect to transfer to one or more of the dependents specified in subsection (c) a portion of such members entitlement to such assistance, subject to the limitation under subsection (d).
(b) Eligible Members.— 
A member referred to in subsection (a) is a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve who, at the time of the approval of the members request to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section, has completed
(1) at least six years of service in the Selected Reserve and enters into an agreement to service[1] at least four more years as a member of the armed forces; or
(2) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j).
(c) Eligible Dependents.— 
A member approved to transfer an entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer the members entitlement as follows:
(1) To the members spouse.
(2) To one or more of the members children.
(3) To a combination of the individuals referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2).
(d) Limitation on Months of Transfer.— 
The total number of months of entitlement transferred by a member under this section may not exceed 36 months. The Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations that would limit the months of entitlement that may be transferred under this section to no less than 18 months.
(e) Designation of Transferee.— 
A member transferring an entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section shall
(1) designate the dependent or dependents to whom such entitlement is being transferred;
(2) designate the number of months of such entitlement to be transferred to each such dependent; and
(3) specify the period for which the transfer shall be effective for each dependent designated under paragraph (1).
(f) Time for Transfer; Revocation and Modification.— 

(1) Subject to the time limitation for use of entitlement under section 16133, a member approved to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer such entitlement at any time after the approval of the members request to transfer such entitlement.
(2) A member transferring entitlement under this section may modify or revoke at any time the transfer of any unused portion of the entitlement so transferred. The modification or revocation of the transfer of entitlement under this paragraph shall be made by the submittal of written notice of the action to both the Secretary concerned and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
(3) Entitlement transferred under this section may not be treated as marital property, or the asset of a marital estate, subject to division in a divorce or other civil proceeding.
(g) Commencement of Use.— 
A dependent to whom entitlement to basic educational assistance is transferred under this section may not commence the use of the transferred entitlement until
(1) in the case of entitlement transferred to a spouse, the completion by the member making the transfer of at least
(A) six years of service in the armed forces; or
(B) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); or
(2) in the case of entitlement transferred to a child, both
(A) the completion by the member making the transfer of at least
(i) ten years of service in the armed forces; or
(ii) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); and
(B) either
(i) the completion by the child of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate); or
(ii) the attainment by the child of 18 years of age.
(h) Additional Administrative Matters.— 

(1) The use of any entitlement to basic educational assistance transferred under this section shall be charged against the entitlement of the member making the transfer at the rate of one month for each month of transferred entitlement that is used.
(2) Except as provided under subsection (e)(2) and subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section is entitled to basic educational assistance under this chapter in the same manner as the member from whom the entitlement was transferred.
(3) The monthly rate of educational assistance payable to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section shall be the monthly amount payable under sections 16131 and 16131a to the member making the transfer.
(4) The death of a member transferring an entitlement under this section shall not affect the use of the entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred.
(5) The involuntary separation or retirement of the member
(A) because of a nondiscretionary provision of law for age or years of service;
(B) because of a policy prescribed by the Secretary concerned mandating such separation or retirement based solely on age or years of service for the prescribed pay grade of an enlisted member;
(C) under section 16133 (b); or
(D) because of medical disqualification which is not the result of gross negligence or misconduct of the member,

shall not affect the use of entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred.

(6) A child to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may not use any entitlement so transferred after attaining the age of 26 years.
(7) The administrative provisions of this chapter shall apply to the use of entitlement transferred under this section, except that the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred shall be treated as the eligible member for purposes of such provisions.
(8) The purposes for which a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may use such entitlement shall include the pursuit and completion of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate).
(i) Overpayment.— 

(1) In the event of an overpayment of basic educational assistance with respect to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section, the dependent and the member making the transfer shall be jointly and severally liable to the United States for the amount of the overpayment for purposes of section 3685 of title 38.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if a members whose[2] eligibility is terminated under section 16134 (2), the amount of any transferred entitlement under this section that is used by a dependent of the member as of the date of such termination shall be treated as an overpayment of basic educational assistance under paragraph (1).
(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a member who fails to complete service agreed to by the member
(A) by reason of the death of the member; or
(B) for a reason referred to in section 16133 (b).
(j) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall prescribe regulations for purposes of this section. Such regulations shall specify
(1) the manner of authorizing the military departments to offer transfer of entitlements under this section;
(2) the eligibility criteria in accordance with subsection (b);
(3) the manner and effect of an election to modify or revoke a transfer of entitlement under subsection (f)(2); and
(4) the manner in which the provisions referred to in subsections (h)(4) and (5) shall be administered with respect to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “serve”.
[2] So in original. The word “whose” probably should not appear.

10 USC 16133 - Time limitation for use of entitlement

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the period during which a person entitled to educational assistance under this chapter may use such persons entitlement expires on the date the person is separated from the Selected Reserve.
(b) 
(1) In the case of a person
(A) who is separated from the Selected Reserve because of a disability which was not the result of the individuals own willful misconduct incurred on or after the date on which such person became entitled to educational assistance under this chapter; or
(B) who, on or after the date on which such person became entitled to educational assistance under this chapter ceases to be a member of the Selected Reserve during the period beginning on October 1, 1991, and ending on December 31, 2001, or the period beginning on October 1, 2007, and ending on September 30, 2014, by reason of the inactivation of the persons unit of assignment or by reason of involuntarily ceasing to be designated as a member of the Selected Reserve pursuant to section 10143 (a) of this title,

the period for using entitlement prescribed by subsection (a) shall be determined without regard to clause (2) of such subsection.

(2) The provisions of section 3031 (f) of title 38 shall apply to the period of entitlement prescribed by subsection (a).
(3) The provisions of section 3031 (d) of title 38 shall apply to the period of entitlement prescribed by subsection (a) in the case of a disability incurred in or aggravated by service in the Selected Reserve.
(4) In the case of a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve who serves on active duty pursuant to an order to active duty issued under section 12301 (a), 12301 (d), 12301 (g), 12302, or 12304 of this title
(A) the period of such active duty service plus four months shall not be considered in determining the expiration date applicable to such member under subsection (a); and
(B) the member may not be considered to have been separated from the Selected Reserve for the purposes of clause (2) of such subsection by reason of the commencement of such active duty service.

10 USC 16134 - Termination of assistance

Educational assistance may not be provided under this chapter
(1) to a member receiving financial assistance under section 2107 of this title as a member of the Senior Reserve Officers Training Corps program; or
(2) to a member who fails to participate satisfactorily in required training as a member of the Selected Reserve.

10 USC 16135 - Failure to participate satisfactorily; penalties

(a) Penalties.— 
At the option of the Secretary concerned, a member of the Selected Reserve of an armed force who does not participate satisfactorily in required training as a member of the Selected Reserve during a term of enlistment or other period of obligated service that created entitlement of the member to educational assistance under this chapter, and during which the member has received such assistance, may
(1) be ordered to active duty for a period of two years or the period of obligated service the person has remaining under section 16132 of this title, whichever is less; or
(2) be subject to the repayment provisions under section 303a (e) of title 37.
(b) Effect of Repayment.— 
Any repayment under section 303a (e) of title 37 shall not affect the period of obligation of a member to serve as a Reserve in the Selected Reserve.

10 USC 16136 - Administration of program

(a) Educational assistance under this chapter shall be provided through the Department of Veterans Affairs, under agreements to be entered into by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security, with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Such agreements shall include administrative procedures to ensure the prompt and timely transfer of funds from the Secretary concerned to the Department of Veterans Affairs for the making of payments under this chapter.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the provisions of sections 3470, 3471, 3474, 3476, 3482 (g), 3483, and 3485 of title 38 and the provisions of subchapters I and II of chapter 36 of such title (with the exception of sections 3686 (a), 3687, and 3692) shall be applicable to the provision of educational assistance under this chapter. The term eligible veteran and the term a person, as used in those provisions, shall be deemed for the purpose of the application of those provisions to this chapter to refer to a person eligible for educational assistance under this chapter.
(c) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may approve the pursuit of flight training (in addition to a course of flight training that may be approved under section 3680A (b) of title 38) by an individual entitled to educational assistance under this chapter if
(1) such training is generally accepted as necessary for the attainment of a recognized vocational objective in the field of aviation;
(2) the individual possesses a valid private pilot certificate and meets, on the day the individual begins a course of flight training, the medical requirements necessary for a commercial pilot certificate; and
(3) the flight school courses meet Federal Aviation Administration standards for such courses and are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration and the State approving agency.

10 USC 16137 - Biennial report to Congress

The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report not later than March 1 of each odd-numbered year concerning the operation of the educational assistance program established by this chapter during the preceding two fiscal years. Each such report shall include the number of members of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each armed force receiving, and the number entitled to receive, educational assistance under this chapter during those fiscal years. The Secretary may submit the report more frequently and adjust the period covered by the report accordingly.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1607 - EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR RESERVE COMPONENT MEMBERS SUPPORTING CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS AND CERTAIN OTHER OPERATIONS

10 USC 16161 - Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to provide educational assistance to members of the reserve components called or ordered to active service in response to a war or national emergency declared by the President or the Congress, in recognition of the sacrifices that those members make in answering the call to duty.

10 USC 16162 - Educational assistance program

(a) Program Establishment.— 
The Secretary of each military department, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, shall establish and maintain a program as prescribed in this chapter to provide educational assistance to members of the Ready Reserve of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned.
(b) Authorized Education Programs.— 
Educational assistance may be provided under this chapter for pursuit of any program of education that is an approved program of education for purposes of chapter 30 of title 38.
(c) Benefit Amount.— 

(1) The educational assistance program established under subsection (a) shall provide for payment by the Secretary concerned, through the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, an educational assistance allowance to each member entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is pursuing a program of education authorized under subsection (b).
(2) The educational assistance allowance provided under this chapter shall be based on the applicable percent under paragraph (4) to the applicable rate provided under section 3015 of title 38 for a member whose entitlement is based on completion of an obligated period of active duty of three years.
(3) The educational assistance allowance provided under this section for a person who is undertaking a program for which a reduced rate is specified in chapter 30 of title 38, that rate shall be further adjusted by the applicable percent specified in paragraph (4).
(4) The adjusted educational assistance allowance under paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable, shall be
(A) 40 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for 90 consecutive days but less than one continuous year;
(B) 60 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for one continuous year but less than two continuous years; or
(C) 80 percent in the case of a member of a reserve component who performed active service for
(i) two continuous years or more; or
(ii) an aggregate of three years or more.
(d) Maximum Months of Assistance.— 

(1) Subject to section 3695 of title 38, the maximum number of months of educational assistance that may be provided to any member under this chapter is 36 (or the equivalent thereof in part-time educational assistance).
(2) 
(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or chapter 36 of title 38, any payment of an educational assistance allowance described in subparagraph (B) shall not
(i) be charged against the entitlement of any individual under this chapter; or
(ii) be counted toward the aggregate period for which section 3695 of title 38 limits an individuals receipt of assistance.
(B) The payment of the educational assistance allowance referred to in subparagraph (A) is the payment of such an allowance to the individual for pursuit of a course or courses under this chapter if the Secretary of Veterans Affairs finds that the individual
(i) had to discontinue such course pursuit as a result of being ordered to serve on active duty under section 12301 (a), 12301 (d), 12301 (g), 12302, or 12304 of this title; and
(ii) failed to receive credit or training time toward completion of the individuals approved educational, professional, or vocational objective as a result of having to discontinue, as described in clause (i), the individuals course pursuit.
(C) The period for which, by reason of this subsection, an educational assistance allowance is not charged against entitlement or counted toward the applicable aggregate period under section 3695 of title 38 shall not exceed the portion of the period of enrollment in the course or courses for which the individual failed to receive credit or with respect to which the individual lost training time, as determined under subparagraph (B)(ii).
(e) Availability of Assistance for Licensing and Certification Tests.— 
The provisions of section 16131 (j) of this title shall apply to the provision of educational assistance under this chapter, except that, in applying such section under this chapter, the reference to subsection (b) in paragraph (2) of such section is deemed to be a reference to subsection (c) of this section.
(f) Contributions for Increased Amount of Educational Assistance.— 

(1) 
(A) Any individual eligible for educational assistance under this section may contribute amounts for purposes of receiving an increased amount of educational assistance as provided for in paragraph (2).
(B) An individual covered by subparagraph (A) may make the contributions authorized by that subparagraph at any time while a member of a reserve component, but not more frequently than monthly.
(C) The total amount of the contributions made by an individual under subparagraph (A) may not exceed $600. Such contributions shall be made in multiples of $20.
(D) Contributions under this subsection shall be made to the Secretary concerned. Such Secretary shall deposit any amounts received as contributions under this subsection into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.
(2) Effective as of the first day of the enrollment period following the enrollment period in which an individual makes contributions under paragraph (1), the monthly amount of educational assistance allowance applicable to such individual under this section shall be the monthly rate otherwise provided for under subsection (c) increased by
(A) an amount equal to $5 for each $20 contributed by such individual under paragraph (1) for an approved program of education pursued on a full-time basis; or
(B) an appropriately reduced amount based on the amount so contributed as determined under regulations that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe, for an approved program of education pursued on less than a full-time basis.

10 USC 16162a - Accelerated payment of educational assistance

(a) Payment on Accelerated Basis.— 
The educational assistance allowance payable under section 16162 of this title with respect to an eligible member described in subsection (b) may, upon the election of such eligible member, be paid on an accelerated basis in accordance with this section.
(b) Eligible Members.— 
An eligible member described in this subsection is a member of a reserve component entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is
(1) enrolled in an approved program of education not exceeding two years in duration and not leading to an associate, bachelors, masters, or other degree, subject to subsection (g); and
(2) charged tuition and fees for the program of education that, when divided by the number of months (and fractions thereof) in the enrollment period, exceeds the amount equal to 200 percent of the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the member under section 16162 of this title.
(c) Amount of Accelerated Payment.— 

(1) The amount of the accelerated payment of educational assistance payable with respect to an eligible member making an election under subsection (a) for a program of education shall be the lesser of
(A) the amount equal to 60 percent of the established charges for the program of education; or
(B) the aggregate amount of educational assistance allowance to which the member remains entitled under this chapter at the time of the payment.
(2) 
(A) In this subsection, except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term established charges, in the case of a program of education, means the actual charges (as determined pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) for tuition and fees which similarly circumstanced individuals who are not eligible for benefits under this chapter and who are enrolled in the program of education would be required to pay. Established charges shall be determined on the following basis:
(i) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of education offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the term, quarter, or semester.
(ii) In the case of an individual enrolled in a program of education not offered on a term, quarter, or semester basis, the tuition and fees charged the individual for the entire program of education.
(B) In this subsection, the term established charges does not include any fees or payments attributable to the purchase of a vehicle.
(3) The educational institution providing the program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance is elected by an eligible member under subsection (a) shall certify to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs the amount of the established charges for the program of education.
(d) Time of Payment.— 
An accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible member under this section for a program of education shall be made not later than the last day of the month immediately following the month in which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs receives a certification from the educational institution regarding
(1) the members enrollment in and pursuit of the program of education; and
(2) the amount of the established charges for the program of education.
(e) Charge Against Entitlement.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for each accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance made with respect to an eligible member under this section, the members entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be charged the number of months (and any fraction thereof) determined by dividing the amount of the accelerated payment by the full-time monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to the member under section 16162 of this title as of the beginning date of the enrollment period for the program of education for which the accelerated payment is made.
(2) If the monthly rate of educational assistance allowance otherwise payable with respect to an eligible member under section 16162 of this title increases during the enrollment period of a program of education for which an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance is made under this section, the charge to the members entitlement to educational assistance under this chapter shall be determined by prorating the entitlement chargeable, in the manner provided for under paragraph (1), for the periods covered by the initial rate and increased rate, respectively, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
(f) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. The regulations shall include requirements, conditions, and methods for the request, issuance, delivery, certification of receipt and use, and recovery of overpayment of an accelerated payment of educational assistance allowance under this section. The regulations may include such elements of the regulations prescribed under section 3014A of title 38 as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs considers appropriate for purposes of this section.
(g) Limitation.— 
The aggregate amount of educational assistance payable under this section in any fiscal year for enrollments covered by subsection (b)(1) may not exceed $3,000,000.

10 USC 16163 - Eligibility for educational assistance

(a) Eligibility.— 
On or after September 11, 2001, a member of a reserve component is entitled to educational assistance under this chapter if the member
(1) served on active duty in support of a contingency operation for 90 consecutive days or more; or
(2) in the case of a member of the Army National Guard of the United States or Air National Guard of the United States, performed full time National Guard duty under section 502 (f) of title 32 for 90 consecutive days or more when authorized by the President or Secretary of Defense for the purpose of responding to a national emergency declared by the President and supported by Federal funds.
(b) Disabled Members.— 
Notwithstanding the eligibility requirements in subsection (a), a member who was ordered to active service as prescribed under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) but is released from duty before completing 90 consecutive days because of an injury, illness or disease incurred or aggravated in the line of duty shall be entitled to educational assistance under this chapter at the rate prescribed in section 16162 (c)(4)(A) of this title.
(c) Written Notification.— 

(1) Each member who becomes entitled to educational assistance under subsection (a) shall be given a statement in writing prior to release from active service that summarizes the provisions of this chapter and stating clearly and prominently the substance of section 16165 of this title as such section may apply to the member.
(2) At the request of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary concerned shall transmit a notice of entitlement for each such member to that Secretary.
(d) Bar From Dual Eligibility.— 
A member who qualifies for educational assistance under this chapter may not receive credit for such service under both the program established by chapter 30 of title 38 and the program established by this chapter but shall make an irrevocable election (in such form and manner as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) as to the program to which such service is to be credited.
(e) Bar From Duplication of Educational Assistance Allowance.— 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an individual entitled to educational assistance under this chapter who is also eligible for educational assistance under chapter 1606 of this title, chapter 30, 31, 32, or 35 of title 38, or under the Hostage Relief Act of 1980 (Public Law 96449; 5 U.S.C. 5561 note ) may not receive assistance under more than one such programs[1] and shall elect (in such form and manner as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may prescribe) under which program the member elects to receive educational assistance.
(2) The restriction on duplication of educational assistance under paragraph (1) does not apply to the entitlement of educational assistance under section 16131 (i) of this title.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “program”.

10 USC 16163a - Authority to transfer unused education benefits to family members

(a) In General.— 
Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary concerned may permit, at such Secretarys sole discretion, a member described in subsection (b) who is entitled to basic educational assistance under this chapter to elect to transfer to one or more of the dependents specified in subsection (c) a portion of such members entitlement to such assistance, subject to the limitation under subsection (d).
(b) Eligible Members.— 
A member referred to in subsection (a) is a member of the armed forces who, at the time of the approval of the members request to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section, has completed at least
(1) six years of service in the armed forces and enters into an agreement to serve at least four more years as a member of the armed forces; or
(2) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to section[1] (j).
(c) Eligible Dependents.— 
A member approved to transfer an entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer the members entitlement as follows:
(1) To the members spouse.
(2) To one or more of the members children.
(3) To a combination of the individuals referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2).
(d) Limitation on Months of Transfer.— 
The total number of months of entitlement transferred by a member under this section may not exceed 36 months. The Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations that would limit the months of entitlement that may be transferred under this section to no less than 18 months.
(e) Designation of Transferee.— 
A member transferring an entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section shall
(1) designate the dependent or dependents to whom such entitlement is being transferred;
(2) designate the number of months of such entitlement to be transferred to each such dependent; and
(3) specify the period for which the transfer shall be effective for each dependent designated under paragraph (1).
(f) Time for Transfer; Revocation and Modification.— 

(1) Subject to the time limitation for use of entitlement under section 16164, a member approved to transfer entitlement to basic educational assistance under this section may transfer such entitlement only while serving as a member of the armed forces when the transfer is executed.
(2) A member transferring entitlement under this section may modify or revoke at any time the transfer of any unused portion of the entitlement so transferred. The modification or revocation of the transfer of entitlement under this paragraph shall be made by the submittal of written notice of the action to both the Secretary concerned and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
(3) Entitlement transferred under this section may not be treated as marital property, or the asset of a marital estate, subject to division in a divorce or other civil proceeding.
(g) Commencement of Use.— 
A dependent to whom entitlement to basic educational assistance is transferred under this section may not commence the use of the transferred entitlement until
(1) in the case of entitlement transferred to a spouse, the completion by the member making the transfer of at least
(A) six years of service in the armed forces; or
(B) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); or
(2) in the case of entitlement transferred to a child, both
(A) the completion by the member making the transfer of at least
(i) ten years of service in the armed forces; or
(ii) the years of service as determined in regulations pursuant to subsection (j); and
(B) either
(i) the completion by the child of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate); or
(ii) the attainment by the child of 18 years of age.
(h) Additional Administrative Matters.— 

(1) The use of any entitlement to basic educational assistance transferred under this section shall be charged against the entitlement of the member making the transfer at the rate of one month for each month of transferred entitlement that is used.
(2) Except as provided under subsection (e)(2) and subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section is entitled to basic educational assistance under this chapter in the same manner as the member from whom the entitlement was transferred.
(3) The monthly rate of educational assistance payable to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section shall be the monthly amount payable under sections 16162 and 16162a to the member making the transfer.
(4) The death of a member transferring an entitlement under this section shall not affect the use of the entitlement by the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred.
(5) Notwithstanding section 16164 (a)(2), a child to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may use the benefit without regard to the 10-year delimiting date, but may not use any entitlement so transferred after attaining the age of 26 years.
(6) The administrative provisions of this chapter shall apply to the use of entitlement transferred under this section, except that the dependent to whom the entitlement is transferred shall be treated as the eligible member for purposes of such provisions.
(7) The purposes for which a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section may use such entitlement shall include the pursuit and completion of the requirements of a secondary school diploma (or equivalency certificate).
(i) Overpayment.— 

(1) Joint and several liability.— 
In the event of an overpayment of basic educational assistance with respect to a dependent to whom entitlement is transferred under this section, the dependent and the member making the transfer shall be jointly and severally liable to the United States for the amount of the overpayment for purposes of section 3685 of title 38.
(2) Failure to complete service agreement.— 
Except as provided in paragraph (3), if an individual transferring entitlement under this section fails to complete the service agreed to by the individual under subsection (b)(1) in accordance with the terms of the agreement of the individual under that subsection, the amount of any transferred entitlement under this section that is used by a dependent of the individual as of the date of such failure shall be treated as an overpayment of educational assistance under paragraph (1).
(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of an individual who fails to complete service agreed to by the individual
(A) by reason of the death of the individual; or
(B) for a reason referred to in section 16133 (b).
(j) Regulations.— 

(1) The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall prescribe regulations for purposes of this section.
(2) Such regulations shall specify
(A) the manner of authorizing the transfer of entitlements under this section;
(B) the eligibility criteria in accordance with subsection (b); and
(C) the manner and effect of an election to modify or revoke a transfer of entitlement under subsection (f)(2).
(k) Secretary Concerned Defined.— 
For purposes of this section, the term Secretary concerned has the meaning given in section 101 (a)(9) in the case of a member of the armed forces.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “subsection”.

10 USC 16164 - Time limitation for use of entitlement

(a) Duration of Entitlement.— 
Except as provided in subsection (b), a member remains entitled to educational assistance under this chapter
(1) while the member is serving
(A) in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve, in the case of a member called or ordered to active service while serving in the Selected Reserve; or
(B) in the Ready Reserve, in the case of a member ordered to active duty while serving in the Ready Reserve (other than the Selected Reserve); and
(2) in the case of a person who separates from the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve after completion of a period of active service described in section 16163 of this title and completion of a service contract under honorable conditions, during the 10-year period beginning on the date on which the person separates from the Selected Reserve.
(b) Duration of Entitlement for Disabled Members.— 

(1) In the case of a person who is separated from the Ready Reserve because of a disability which was not the result of the individuals own willful misconduct incurred on or after the date on which such person became entitled to educational assistance under this chapter, such persons entitlement to educational assistance expires at the end of the 10-year period beginning on the date on which such person became entitled to such assistance.
(2) The provisions of subsections (d) and (f) of section 3031 of title 38 shall apply to the period of entitlement prescribed by paragraph (1).

10 USC 16165 - Termination of assistance

(a) In General.— 
Except as provided in subsection (b), educational assistance may not be provided under this chapter, or if being provided under this chapter, shall be terminated
(1) if the member is receiving financial assistance under section 2107 of this title as a member of the Senior Reserve Officers Training Corps program; or
(2) when the member separates from the Ready Reserve as provided in section 16164 (a)(1) of this title, or upon completion of the period provided for in section 16164 (a)(2) of this title, as applicable.
(b) Exception.— 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, educational assistance may be provided under this chapter to a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve who incurs a break in service in the Selected Reserve if the member continues to serve in the Ready Reserve during and after such break in service.

10 USC 16166 - Administration of program

(a) Administration.— 
Educational assistance under this chapter shall be provided through the Department of Veterans Affairs, under agreements to be entered into by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security, with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Such agreements shall include administrative procedures to ensure the prompt and timely transfer of funds from the Secretary concerned to the Department of Veterans Affairs for the making of payments under this chapter.
(b) Program Management.— 
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the provisions of sections 503, 511, 3470, 3471, 3474, 3476, 3482 (g), 3483, and 3485 of title 38 and the provisions of subchapters I and II of chapter 36 of such title (with the exception of sections 3686 (a), 3687, and 3692) shall be applicable to the provision of educational assistance under this chapter. The term eligible veteran and the term person, as used in those provisions, shall be deemed for the purpose of the application of those provisions to this chapter to refer to a person eligible for educational assistance under this chapter.
(c) Flight Training.— 
The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may approve the pursuit of flight training (in addition to a course of flight training that may be approved under section 3680A (b) of title 38) by an individual entitled to educational assistance under this chapter if
(1) such training is generally accepted as necessary for the attainment of a recognized vocational objective in the field of aviation;
(2) the individual possesses a valid private pilot certificate and meets, on the day the member begins a course of flight training, the medical requirements necessary for a commercial pilot certificate; and
(3) the flight school courses meet Federal Aviation Administration standards for such courses and are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration and the State approving agency.
(d) Trust Fund.— 
Amounts for payments for benefits under this chapter shall be derived from the Department of Defense Education Benefits Fund under section 2006 of this title.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1608 - HEALTH PROFESSIONS STIPEND PROGRAM

10 USC 16201 - Financial assistance: health-care professionals in reserve components

(a) Establishment of Program.— 
For the purpose of obtaining adequate numbers of commissioned officers in the reserve components who are qualified in health professions, the Secretary of each military department may establish and maintain a program to provide financial assistance under this chapter to persons engaged in training that leads to a degree in medicine or dentistry or training in a health professions specialty that is critically needed in wartime. Under such a program, the Secretary concerned may agree to pay a financial stipend to persons engaged in health care education and training in return for a commitment to subsequent service in the Ready Reserve.
(b) Medical and Dental School Students.— 

(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an agreement with a person who
(A) is eligible to be appointed as an officer in a reserve component;
(B) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in an institution in a course of study that results in a degree in medicine or dentistry;
(C) signs an agreement that, unless sooner separated, the person will
(i) complete the educational phase of the program;
(ii) accept a reappointment or redesignation within the persons reserve component, if tendered, based upon the persons health profession, following satisfactory completion of the educational and intern programs; and
(iii) participate in a residency program; and
(D) if required by regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, agrees to apply for, if eligible, and accept, if offered, residency training in a health profession skill which has been designated by the Secretary of Defense as a critically needed wartime skill.
(2) Under the agreement
(A) the Secretary of the military department concerned shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in the amount determined under subsection (f), for the period or the remainder of the period that the student is satisfactorily progressing toward a degree in medicine or dentistry while enrolled in an accredited medical or dental school;
(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before appointment, designation, or assignment as an officer for service in the Ready Reserve;
(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law for members of the Ready Reserve; and
(D) the participant shall agree to serve in the Selected Reserve, upon successful completion of the program, for the period of service applicable under paragraph (3).
(3) 
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the period for which a participant is required to serve in the Selected Reserve under the agreement pursuant to paragraph (2)(D) shall be one year for each period of six months, or part thereof, for which the participant is provided a stipend pursuant to the agreement.
(B) In the case of a participant who enters into a subsequent agreement under subsection (c) and successfully completes residency training in a specialty designated by the Secretary of Defense as a specialty critically needed by the military department in wartime, the requirement to serve in the Selected Reserve may be reduced to one year for each year, or part thereof, for which the stipend was provided while enrolled in medical or dental school.
(c) Physicians and Dentists in Critical Wartime Specialties.— 

(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an agreement with a person who
(A) is a graduate of a medical school or dental school;
(B) is eligible for appointment, designation, or assignment as a medical officer or dental officer in the Reserve of the armed force concerned or has been appointed as a medical or dental officer in the Reserve of the armed force concerned; and
(C) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in a residency program for physicians or dentists in a medical or dental specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a specialty critically needed by that military department in wartime.
(2) Under the agreement
(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in an amount determined under subsection (f), for the period or the remainder of the period of the residency program in which the participant enrolls or is enrolled;
(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before appointment, designation, or assignment as a medical officer or dental officer for service in the Ready Reserve;
(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law for members of the Ready Reserve; and
(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon successful completion of the program, one year in the Ready Reserve for each six months, or part thereof, for which the stipend is provided, to be served in the Selected Reserve or in the Individual Ready Reserve as specified in the agreement.
(d) Registered Nurses in Critical Specialties.— 

(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an agreement with a person who
(A) is a registered nurse;
(B) is eligible for appointment as
(i) a Reserve officer for service in the Army Reserve in the Army Nurse Corps;
(ii) a Reserve officer for service in the Navy Reserve in the Navy Nurse Corps; or
(iii) a Reserve officer for service in the Air Force Reserve with a view to designation as an Air Force nurse under section 8067 (e) of this title; and
(C) is enrolled or has been accepted for enrollment in an accredited program in nursing in a specialty designated by the Secretary concerned as a specialty critically needed by that military department in wartime.
(2) Under the agreement
(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a stipend, in an amount determined under subsection (f), for the period or the remainder of the period of the nursing program in which the participant enrolls or is enrolled;
(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before being appointed as a Reserve officer for service in the Ready Reserve
(i) in the Nurse Corps of the Army or Navy; or
(ii) as an Air Force nurse of the Air Force;
(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law for members of the Ready Reserve; and
(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon successful completion of the program, one year in the Ready Reserve for each six months, or part thereof, for which the stipend is provided, to be served in the Selected Reserve or in the Individual Ready Reserve as specified in the agreement.
(e) Baccalaureate Students in Nursing or Other Health Professions.— 

(1) Under the stipend program under this chapter, the Secretary of the military department concerned may enter into an agreement with a person who
(A) will, upon completion of the program, be eligible to be appointed, designated, or assigned as a Reserve officer for duty as a nurse or other health professional; and
(B) is enrolled, or has been accepted for enrollment in the third or fourth year of
(i) an accredited baccalaureate nursing program; or
(ii) any other accredited baccalaureate program leading to a degree in a health-care profession designated by the Secretary concerned as a profession critically needed by that military department in wartime.
(2) Under the agreement
(A) the Secretary shall agree to pay the participant a monthly stipend in an amount not to exceed the stipend rate in effect under section 2121 (d) of this title for the period or the remainder of the period of the baccalaureate program in which the participant enrolls or is enrolled;
(B) the participant shall not be eligible to receive such stipend before enlistment in the Ready Reserve;
(C) the participant shall be subject to such active duty requirements as may be specified in the agreement and to active duty in time of war or national emergency as provided by law for members of the Ready Reserve; and
(D) the participant shall agree to serve, upon graduation from the baccalaureate program, one year in the Ready Reserve for each year, or part thereof, for which the stipend is paid.
(f) Amount of Stipend.— 
The amount of a stipend under an agreement under subsection (b) or (c) shall be
(1) the stipend rate in effect for participants in the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program under section 2121 (d) of this title, if the participant has agreed to serve in the Selected Reserve; or
(2) one-half of that rate, if the participant has agreed to serve in the Individual Ready Reserve.

10 USC 16202 - Reserve service: required active duty for training

(a) Selected Reserve.— 
A person who is required under an agreement under section 16201 of this title to serve in the Selected Reserve shall serve not less than 12 days of active duty for training each year during the period of service required by the agreement.
(b) IRR Service.— 
A person who is required under an agreement under section 16201 of this title to serve in the Individual Ready Reserve shall serve
(1) not less than 30 days of initial active duty for training; and
(2) not less than five days of active duty for training each year during the period of service required by the agreement.

10 USC 16203 - Penalties and limitations

(a) Failure to Complete Program of Training.— 

(1) A member of the program who, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, is dropped from the program for deficiency in training, or for other reasons, shall be required, at the discretion of the Secretary concerned
(A) to perform one year of active duty for each year (or part thereof) for which such person was provided financial assistance under this section; or
(B) to comply with the repayment provisions of section 303a (e) of title 37.
(2) The Secretary of a military department, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may relieve a member participating in the program who is dropped from the program from any requirement that may be imposed under paragraph (1), but such relief shall not relieve him from any military obligation imposed by any other law.
(b) Prohibitions of Duplicate Benefits.— 
Financial assistance may not be provided under this section to a member receiving financial assistance under section 2107 of this title.

10 USC 16204 - Regulations

This chapter shall be administered under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1609 - EDUCATION LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAMS

10 USC 16301 - Education loan repayment program: members of Selected Reserve

(a) 
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense may repay
(A) any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.);
(B) any loan made under part D of such title (the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, 20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.);
(C) any loan made under part E of such title (20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.); or
(D) any loan incurred for educational purposes made by a lender that is
(i) an agency or instrumentality of a State;
(ii) a financial or credit institution (including an insurance company) that is subject to examination and supervision by an agency of the United States or any State;
(iii) a pension fund approved by the Secretary for purposes of this section; or
(iv) a nonprofit">nonprofit private entity designated by a State, regulated by that State, and approved by the Secretary for purposes of this section.

Repayment of any such loan shall be made on the basis of each complete year of service performed by the borrower.

(2) The Secretary of Defense may repay loans described in paragraph (1) in the case of any person for service performed as a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of an armed force in a reserve component and in an officer program or military specialty specified by the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary may repay such a loan only if the person to whom the loan was made performed such service after the loan was made.
(b) The portion or amount of a loan that may be repaid under subsection (a) is 15 percent or $500, whichever is greater, for each year of service, plus the amount of any interest that may accrue during the current year.
(c) If a portion of a loan is repaid under this section for any year, interest on the remainder of the loan shall accrue and be paid in the same manner as is otherwise required. For the purposes of this section, any interest that has accrued on the loan for periods before the current year shall be considered as within the total loan amount that shall be repaid.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize refunding any repayment of a loan.
(e) A person who transfers from service making the person eligible for repayment of loans under this section (as described in subsection (a)(2)) to service making the person eligible for repayment of loans under section 2171 of this title (as described in subsection (a)(2) of that section) during a year shall be eligible to have repaid a portion of such loan determined by giving appropriate fractional credit for each portion of the year so served, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary concerned.
(f) The Secretary of Defense shall, by regulation, prescribe a schedule for the allocation of funds made available to carry out the provisions of this section and section 2171 of this title during any year for which funds are not sufficient to pay the sum of the amounts eligible for repayment under subsection (a) and section 2171 (a) of this title.
(g) The Secretary of Homeland Security may repay loans described in subsection (a)(1) and otherwise administer this section in the case of members of the Selected Reserve of the Coast Guard Reserve when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy.

10 USC 16302 - Education loan repayment program: health professions officers serving in Selected Reserve with wartime critical medical skill shortages

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and subject to the other provisions of this section, the Secretary concerned may repay
(1) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.);
(2) any loan made under part D of such title (the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, 20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.); or
(3) a loan made under part E of such title (20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.) after October 1, 1975;
(4) a health professions education loan made or insured under part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 292 et seq.) or under part B of title VIII of such Act (42 U.S.C. 297 et seq.); and
(5) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed through a recognized financial or educational institution if that loan was used to finance education regarding a basic professional qualifying degree (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense) or graduate education in a health profession that the Secretary of Defense determines to be critically needed in order to meet identified wartime combat medical skill shortages.
(b) The Secretary concerned may repay loans described in subsection (a) only in the case of a person who
(1) performs satisfactory service as an officer in the Selected Reserve of an armed force; and
(2) possesses professional qualifications, or is enrolled in a program of education leading to professional qualifications, in a health profession that the Secretary of Defense has determined to be needed critically in order to meet identified wartime combat medical skill shortages.
(c) 
(1) The amount of any repayment of a loan made under this section on behalf of any person shall be determined on the basis of each complete year of service that is described in subsection (b)(1) and performed by the person after the date on which the loan was made.
(2) The annual maximum amount of a loan that may be repaid under this section shall be the same as the maximum amount in effect for the same year under subsection (e)(2) of section 2173 of this title for the education loan repayment program under such section.
(d) The authority provided in this section shall apply only in the case of a person first appointed as a commissioned officer on or before December 31, 2009.

10 USC 16303 - Loan repayment program: chaplains serving in the Selected Reserve

(a) Authority to Repay Education Loans.— 
For purposes of maintaining adequate numbers of chaplains in the Selected Reserve, the Secretary concerned may repay a loan that was obtained by a person who
(1) satisfies the requirements for accessioning and commissioning of chaplains, as prescribed in regulations;
(2) holds, or is fully qualified for, an appointment as a chaplain in a reserve component of an armed force; and
(3) signs a written agreement with the Secretary concerned to serve not less than three years in the Selected Reserve.
(b) Exception for Chaplain Candidate Program.— 
A person accessioned into the Chaplain Candidate Program is not eligible for the repayment of a loan under subsection (a).
(c) Loan Repayment Process; Maximum Amount.— 

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the repayment of a loan under subsection (a) may consist of the payment of the principal, interest, and related expenses of the loan.
(2) The amount of any repayment of a loan made under subsection (a) on behalf of a person may not exceed $20,000 for each three year period of obligated service that the person agrees to serve in an agreement described in subsection (a)(3). Of such amount, not more than an amount equal to 50 percent of such amount may be paid before the completion by the person of the first year of obligated service pursuant to the agreement. The balance of such amount shall be payable at such time or times as are prescribed in regulations.
(d) Effect of Failure to Complete Obligation.— 
A person on whose behalf a loan is repaid under subsection (a) who fails to commence or complete the period of obligated service specified in the agreement described in subsection (a)(3) shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a (e) of title 37.
(e) Regulations.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1611 - OTHER EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

10 USC 16401 - Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class: college tuition assistance program

(a) Authority.— 
The Secretary of the Navy may provide financial assistance to an eligible member of the Marine Corps Reserve for expenses of the member while the member is pursuing on a full-time basis at an institution of higher education a program of education approved by the Secretary that leads to
(1) a baccalaureate degree in less than five academic years; or
(2) a doctor of jurisprudence or bachelor of laws degree in not more than four academic years.
(b) Eligibility.— 

(1) To be eligible for financial assistance under this section, a member of the Marine Corps Reserve must
(A) be a member of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program and have successfully completed one six-week (or longer) increment of military training required under that program;
(B) be enrolled on a full-time basis in a program of education referred to in subsection (a) at any institution of higher education; and
(C) enter into a written agreement with the Secretary described in paragraph (2).
(2) A written agreement referred to in paragraph (1)(C) is an agreement between the member and the Secretary in which the member agrees
(A) to accept an appointment as a commissioned officer in the Marine Corps, if tendered by the President;
(B) to serve on active duty for at least five years; and
(C) under such terms and conditions as shall be prescribed by the Secretary, to serve in the Marine Corps Reserve until the eighth anniversary of the date of the appointment.
(c) Covered Expenses.— 
Expenses for which financial assistance may be provided under this section are
(1) tuition and fees charged by the institution of higher education involved;
(2) the cost of books; and
(3) in the case of a program of education leading to a baccalaureate degree, laboratory expenses.
(d) Amount.— 
The amount of financial assistance provided to a member under this section shall be prescribed by the Secretary, but may not exceed $5,200 for any academic year.
(e) Limitations.— 

(1) Financial assistance may be provided to a member under this section only for three consecutive academic years.
(2) Not more than 1,200 members may participate in the financial assistance program under this section in any academic year.
(f) Failure To Complete Program.— 

(1) An enlisted member who receives financial assistance under this section may be ordered to active duty in the Marine Corps by the Secretary to serve in an appropriate enlisted grade for such period as the Secretary prescribes, but not for more than four years, and an officer who receives financial assistance under this section shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a (e) of title 37, if the member
(A) completes the military and academic requirements of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program and refuses to accept an appointment as a commissioned officer in the Marine Corps when offered or, if already a commissioned officer in the Marine Corps, refuses to accept an assignment on active duty when offered;
(B) fails to complete the military or academic requirements of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program; or
(C) is disenrolled from the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program for failure to maintain eligibility for an original appointment as a commissioned officer under section 532 of this title.
(2) Any requirement to repay any portion of financial assistance received under this section shall be administered under the regulations issued under section 303a (e) of title 37. The Secretary of the Navy may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) in the case of a person who
(A) becomes unqualified to serve on active duty as an officer due to a circumstance not within the control of the person;
(B) is not physically qualified for appointment under section 532 of this title and later is determined by the Secretary of the Navy under section 505 of this title to be unqualified for service as an enlisted member of the Marine Corps due to a physical or medical condition that was not the result of misconduct or grossly negligent conduct; or
(C) fails to complete the military or academic requirements of the Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Class program due to a circumstance not within the control of the person.
(g) Institution of Higher Education Defined.— 
In this section, the term institution of higher education has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

TITLE 10 - US CODE - PART V - SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1801 - ISSUE OF SERVICEABLE MATERIAL TO RESERVE COMPONENTS

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1803 - FACILITIES FOR RESERVE COMPONENTS

10 USC 18231 - Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to provide for
(1) the acquisition, by purchase, lease, transfer, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion of facilities necessary for the proper development, training, operation, and maintenance of the reserve components of the armed forces, including troop housing and messing facilities;
(2) the joint use of those facilities by units of two or more of those reserve components, to the greatest practicable extent for efficiency and economy;
(3) the use of those facilities, in time of war or national emergency, by those units and other units of the armed forces, to the greatest practicable extent for efficiency and economy; and
(4) any other use of those facilities by the United States, in time of war or national emergency, to the greatest practicable extent for efficiency and economy.

10 USC 18232 - Definitions

In this chapter:
(1) The term State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each territory and possession of the United States and includes political subdivisions and military units thereof and tax-supported agencies therein.
(2) The term facility includes any
(A)  interest in land,
(B)  armory, readiness center, or other structure, and
(C)  storage or other facility normally needed for the administration and training of any unit of the reserve components of the armed forces.
(3) The terms armory and readiness center mean a structure that houses one or more units of a reserve component and is used for training and administering those units. Such terms include a structure that is appurtenant to such a structure and houses equipment used for that training and administration.

10 USC 18233 - Acquisition

(a) Subject to sections 18233a, 18234, 18235, 18236, and 18238 of this title and to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense may
(1) acquire by purchase, lease, or transfer, and construct, expand, rehabilitate, or convert and equip, such facilities as he determines to be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter;
(2) contribute to any State such amounts as he determines to be necessary to expand, rehabilitate, or convert facilities owned by it or by the United States for use jointly by units of two or more reserve components of the armed forces or to acquire or construct facilities for such use;
(3) contribute to any State such amounts as he determines to be necessary to expand, rehabilitate, or convert facilities owned by it (or to acquire, construct, expand, rehabilitate, or convert additional facilities) made necessary by the conversion, redesignation, or reorganization of units of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States authorized by the Secretary of the military department concerned;
(4) contribute to any State such amounts for the acquisition, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion by it of additional facilities as he determines to be required by any increase in the strength of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States;
(5) contribute to any State amounts for the acquisition, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, and conversion by such State of such additional facilities as the Secretary determines to be required because of the failure of existing facilities to meet the purposes of this chapter; and
(6) contribute to any State such amounts for the construction, alteration, or rehabilitation of critical portions of facilities as the Secretary determines to be required to meet a change in Department of Defense construction criteria or standards related to the execution of the Federal military mission assigned to the unit using the facility.
(b) Title to property acquired by the United States under subsection (a)(1) vests in the United States. Such property may be transferred to any State incident to the expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion of such property under subsection (a)(2) so long as the transfer of such property does not result in the creation of an enclave owned by a State within a Federal installation.
(c) The Secretary of Defense may delegate any of his authority or functions under this chapter to any department, agency, or officer of the Department of Defense.
(d) The expenses of leasing property under subsection (a)(1) may be paid from appropriations available for the payment of rent.
(e) The Secretary of Defense may procure, or contribute to any State such amounts as the Secretary determines to be necessary to procure, architectural and engineering services and construction design in connection with facilities to be established or developed under this chapter which are not otherwise authorized by law.
(f) 
(1) Authority provided by law to construct, expand, rehabilitate, convert, or equip any facility under this section includes authority to expend funds for surveys, administration, overhead, planning, design, and supervision incident to any such activity.
(2) Authority to acquire real property under this section includes authority to make surveys and to acquire interests in land (including temporary interests) by purchase or gift.

10 USC 18233a - Notice and wait requirements for certain projects

(a) Congressional Notification.— 
Except as provided in subsection (b), an expenditure or contribution in an amount in excess of $750,000 may not be made under section 18233 of this title for any facility until
(1) the Secretary of Defense has notified the congressional defense committees of the location, nature, and estimated cost of the facility; and
(2) a period of 21 days has elapsed after the notification has been received by those committees or, if over sooner, a period of 14 days has elapsed after the date on which a copy of the notification is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(b) Certain Expenditures or Contributions Exempted.— 
Subsection (a) does not apply to expenditures or contributions for the following:
(1) Facilities acquired by lease.
(2) A project for a facility that has been authorized by Congress, if the location and purpose of the facility are the same as when authorized and if, based upon bids received
(A) the scope of work of the project, as approved by Congress, is not proposed to be reduced by more than 25 percent; and
(B) the current working estimate of the cost of the project does not exceed the amount approved for the project by more than the lesser of the following:
(i) 25 percent.
(ii) 200 percent of the amount specified by section 2805 (a)(2) of this title as the maximum amount for a minor military construction project.
(3) A repair project (as that term is defined in section 2811 (e) of this title) that costs less than $7,500,000.

10 USC 18233b - Authority to carry out small projects with operation and maintenance funds

Under such regulations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe, the Secretary may expend, from appropriations available for operation and maintenance, amounts necessary to carry out any project authorized under section 18233 (a) of this title that costs not more than
(1) the amount specified in section 2805 (c)(1)(A) of this title, in the case of a project intended solely to correct a deficiency that is life-threatening, health-threatening, or safety-threatening; or
(2) the amount specified in section 2805 (c)(1)(B) of this title, in the case of any other project.

10 USC 18234 - Location and use

No expenditures or contribution may be made for a facility under section 18233 of this title, unless the Secretary of Defense determines that
(1) the number of units of the reserve components of the armed forces located or to be located in the area within which the facility is to be provided is not and will not be larger than the number that can reasonably be expected to be maintained at authorized strength, considering the number of persons living in the area who are qualified for membership in those reserve units; and
(2) the plan under which the facility is to be provided makes provision for the greatest practicable use of the facility jointly by units of two or more of those components.

10 USC 18235 - Administration; other use permitted by Secretary

(a) The Secretary of Defense, after consulting the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on matters of policy, may
(1) administer, operate, maintain, and equip facilities constructed, expanded, rehabilitated, or converted under section 18233 of this title or otherwise acquired and used for the purposes of this chapter;
(2) permit persons or organizations other than members and units of the armed forces to use those facilities under such leases or other agreements as he considers appropriate; and
(3) cover the payments received under those leases or agreements into the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation from which the cost of maintaining the facility, including its utilities and services, is paid.
(b) The Secretary may not permit any use or disposition to be made of a facility covered by subsection (a) that would interfere with its use
(1) for administering and training the reserve components of the armed forces; or
(2) in time of war or national emergency, by other units of the armed forces or by the United States for any other purpose.

10 USC 18236 - Contributions to States; other use permitted by States

(a) Contributions under section 18233 of this title are subject to such terms as the Secretary of Defense, after consulting the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, considers necessary for the purposes of this chapter. Except as otherwise agreed when the contribution is made, a facility provided by a contribution under paragraph (3) or (4) of section 18233 (a) of this title may be used jointly by units of two or more reserve components of the armed forces only to the extent that the State considers practicable.
(b) A contribution made for an armory or readiness center under paragraph (4) or (5) of section 18233 (a) of this title may not exceed the sum of
(1) 100 percent of the cost of architectural, engineering and design services (including advance architectural, engineering and design services under section 18233 (e) of this title); and
(2) a percentage of the cost of construction (exclusive of the cost of architectural, engineering and design services) calculated so that upon completion of construction the total contribution (including the contribution for architectural, engineering and design services) equals 75 percent of the total cost of construction (including the cost of architectural, engineering and design services).

For the purpose of computing the cost of construction under this subsection, the amount contributed by a State may not include the cost or market value of any real property that it has contributed.

(c) If a State acquires, constructs, expands, rehabilitates, or converts a facility with amounts contributed under section 18233 of this title, it may
(1) permit persons or organizations other than members and units of the armed forces to use the facility under such leases or other agreements as it considers appropriate; and
(2) apply amounts received under those leases or agreements to the cost of maintaining the facility.
(d) Except as otherwise agreed when the contribution is made, and except as the agreement is later changed, a State may not permit any use or disposition of the facility that would interfere with its use
(1) for administering and training the reserve components of the armed forces; or
(2) in time of war or national emergency, by other units of the armed forces or by the United States for any other purpose.

10 USC 18237 - Supervision of construction: compliance with State law

(a) Any construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion under section 18233 (a)(1) of this title may be performed under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the Army or the head of such office or agency in the Department of the Navy as the Secretary of the Navy may designate.
(b) The construction, expansion, rehabilitation, or conversion of facilities in a State under paragraph (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) of section 18233 (a) of this title shall be done according to the laws of that jurisdiction and under the supervision of its officials, subject to the inspection and approval of the Secretary of Defense.

10 USC 18238 - Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of United States: limitation on relocation of units

A unit of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States may not be relocated or withdrawn under this chapter without the consent of the governor of the State or, in the case of the District of Columbia, the commanding general of the National Guard of the District of Columbia.

10 USC 18239 - Waiver of certain restrictions

(a) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of each military department may make expenditures and contributions under section 18233 of this title without regard to section 3324 (a) and (b) of title 31.
(b) Authority provided by law to place permanent or temporary improvements on land under section 18233 of this title may be exercised on land not owned by the United States
(1) before title to the land on which the improvement is located (or is to be located) is approved under section 3111 of title 40; and
(2) even though the land will be held in other than a fee simple interest in a case in which the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that the interest to be acquired in the land is sufficient for the purposes of the project.

10 USC 18240 - Acquisition of facilities by exchange

(a) Exchange Authority.— 
In addition to the acquisition authority provided by section 18233 of this title, the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of a military department to acquire a facility, or addition to an existing facility, needed to satisfy military requirements for a reserve component by carrying out an exchange of an existing facility under the control of that Secretary through an agreement with an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5), the United States Postal Service, or a State, local government, local authority, or private entity. The acquisition of a facility or an addition to an existing facility under this section may include the acquisition of utilities, equipment, and furnishings for the facility.
(b) Facilities Eligible for Exchange.— 
Only a facility of a reserve component that is not excess property (as defined in section 102 (3) of title 40) may be exchanged using the authority provided by this section.
(c) Equal Value Exchange.— 
In any exchange carried out using the authority provided by this section, the value of the replacement facility, or addition to an existing facility, including any utilities, equipment, and furnishings, to be acquired by the United States shall be at least equal to the fair market value of the facility conveyed by the United States under the agreement. If the values are unequal, the values may not be equalized by any payment of cash consideration by either party to the agreement.
(d) Requirements for Replacement Facilities.— 
The Secretary of a military department may not accept a replacement facility, or addition to an existing facility, to be acquired by the United States in an exchange carried out using the authority provided by this section until that Secretary determines that the facility or addition
(1) is complete and usable, fully functional, and ready for occupancy;
(2) satisfies all operational requirements; and
(3) meets all applicable Federal, State, and local requirements relating to health, safety, fire, and the environment.
(e) Consultation Requirements.— 
The Secretary of a military department authorized to enter into an agreement under subsection (a) to convey an existing facility under the control of that Secretary by exchange shall consult with representatives of other reserve components to evaluate
(1) the value of using the facility to meet the military requirements of another reserve component, instead of conveying the facility under this section; and
(2) the feasibility of using the conveyance of the facility to acquire a facility, or an addition to an existing facility, that would be jointly used by more than one reserve component or unit.
(f) Advance Notice of Proposed Exchange.— 

(1) When a decision is made to enter into an agreement under subsection (a) to exchange a facility using the authority provided by this section, the Secretary of the military department authorized to enter into the agreement shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the proposed agreement. The report shall include the following:
(A) A description of the agreement, including the terms and conditions of the agreement, the parties to be involved in the agreement, the origin of the proposal that lead to the agreement, the intended use of the facility to be conveyed by the United States under the agreement, and any costs to be incurred by the United States to make the exchange under the agreement.
(B) A description of the facility to be conveyed by the United States under the agreement, including the current condition and fair market value of the facility, and a description of the method by which the fair market value of the facility was determined.
(C) Information on the facility, or addition to an existing facility, to be acquired by the United States under the agreement and the intended use of the facility or addition, which shall meet requirements for information provided to Congress for military construction projects to obtain a similar facility or addition to an existing facility.
(D) A certification that the Secretary complied with the consultation requirements under subsection (e).
(E) A certification that the conveyance of the facility under the agreement is in the best interests of the United States and that the Secretary used competitive procedures to the maximum extent practicable to protect the interests of the United States.
(2) The agreement described in a report prepared under paragraph (1) may be entered into, and the exchange covered by the agreement made, only after the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date the report is received by the congressional defense committees or, if earlier, the end of the 21-day period beginning on the date on which a copy of the report is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(3) Section 2662 of this title shall not apply to an exchange carried out using the authority provided by this section.
(g) Relation to Other Military Construction Requirements.— 
The acquisition of a facility, or an addition to an existing facility, using the authority provided by this section shall not be treated as a military construction project for which an authorization is required by section 2802 of this title.

TITLE 10 - US CODE - CHAPTER 1805 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

10 USC 18501 - Reserve components: personnel and logistic support by military departments

The Secretary concerned is responsible for providing the personnel, equipment, facilities, and other general logistic support necessary to enable units and Reserves in the Ready Reserve of the reserve components under his jurisdiction to satisfy the training requirements and mobilization readiness requirements for those units and Reserves as recommended by the Secretary concerned and by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and approved by the Secretary of Defense, and as recommended by the Commandant of the Coast Guard and approved by the Secretary of Homeland Security when the Coast Guard is not operated as a service of the Navy.

10 USC 18502 - Reserve components: supplies, services, and facilities

(a) The Secretary concerned shall make available to the reserve components under his jurisdiction the supplies, services, and facilities of the armed forces under his jurisdiction that he considers necessary to support and develop those components.
(b) Whenever he finds it to be in the best interest of the United States, the Secretary concerned may issue supplies of the armed forces under his jurisdiction to the reserve components under his jurisdiction, without charge to the appropriations for those components for the cost or value of the supplies or for any related expense.
(c) Whenever he finds it to be in the best interest of the United States, the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force may issue to the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, as the case may be, supplies of the armed forces under his jurisdiction that are in addition to supplies issued to that National Guard under section 702 of title 32 or charged against its appropriations under section 106 or 107 of title 32, without charge to the appropriations for those components for the cost or value of the supplies or for any related expense.
(d) Supplies issued under subsection (b) or (c) may be repossessed or redistributed as prescribed by the Secretary concerned.

10 USC 18505.1 - Reserves traveling for inactive-duty training: space-required travel on military aircraft

(a) A member of a reserve component traveling for inactive-duty training (including a place other than the place of the members unit training assembly if the member is performing inactive-duty training in another location) may travel in a space-required status on aircraft of the armed forces between the members home and the place of the inactive-duty training.
(b) A member traveling in a space-required status on any such aircraft under subsection (a) is not authorized to receive travel, transportation, or per diem allowances in connection with that travel.
[1] So in original. No sections 18503 and 18504 have been enacted.

10 USC 18506 - Repealed. Pub. L. 109163, div. A, title V, 589(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3279]

Section, added Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, 520(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1886, related to availability of funds for recognition items for Army Reserve personnel.