(1) the term aeronautical and space activities means
(A) research into, and the solution of, problems of flight within and outside the earths atmosphere,
(B) the development, construction, testing, and operation for research purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles,
(C) the operation of a space transportation system including the Space Shuttle, upper stages, space platforms, and related equipment, and
(D) such other activities as may be required for the exploration of space; and
