TITLE 46 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER II - CREATION AND FUNCTIONS OF MARITIME AGENCIES

46 USC Appendix 1111 - Powers and duties of agencies

(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(58)(A), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 158

(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–225, title III, § 307(7), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1925

(c) Records of meetings; seal; rules and regulations
The Commission shall, through its secretary, keep a true record of all its meetings and the yea-and-nay votes taken therein, on every action, order, contract, or financial transaction approved or disapproved by the Commission. It shall have an official seal which shall be judicially noticed, and shall adopt rules and regulations in regard to its procedure and the conduct of its business.

(d) Expenditures
The Commission and the Secretary of Transportation may make such expenditures as are necessary in the performance of their functions from funds made available to them by this chapter or appropriated after June 29, 1936, which further appropriations are authorized.

(e) Officers and employees
The Commission and the Secretary of Transportation may appoint and prescribe the duties and fix the salaries of a secretary, a director for each of not to exceed five divisions, a general counsel, a clerk to each member of the Commission and not more than three assistants, a clerk to the general counsel, not more than a total of twenty naval architects or marine engineers, twenty special experts, twenty-two examiners, twelve attorneys, and two inspectors for each vessel at each shipyard at which vessels are being constructed by it or under its supervision. The Commission and the Secretary of Transportation may, subject to the provisions of the civil-service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, appoint such other officers, engineers, inspectors, attorneys, examiners, and other employees as are necessary in the execution of their functions.

(f) Traveling and subsistence expenses; pay for military officer on assignment
Each member, any employee of the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation, and any person detailed to it or the Secretary of Transportation from any other agency of the Government shall receive necessary traveling and subsistence expenses, or per diem allowance in lieu thereof, within the limitations prescribed by law, while away from his official station upon official business of the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation. Whenever any officer (not exceeding five in number at any time) of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard is detailed to the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation, he shall receive from the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation, for the period during which he is so detailed, such compensation as added to his pay and allowances as an officer in such service will make his aggregate compensation equal to the pay and allowances he would receive if he were the incumbent of an office or position in such service (or in the corresponding executive department), which, in the opinion of the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation, involves the performance of work similar in importance, difficulty, and responsibility to that performed by him while detailed to the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation. Expenditures by the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation shall be allowed and paid on the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor approved by the Commission or the Secretary of Transportation or a designated employee thereof.

46 USC Appendix 1111a - Administrative expenses; limitations

After June 30, 1939, the Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation shall not incur any obligations for administrative expenses except pursuant to an annual appropriation specifically therefor or to authority to use appropriations or other funds otherwise available therefor.

46 USC Appendix 1112 - Operation of property by Secretary

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Transportation may, in accordance with good business methods and on such terms and conditions as he determines to effectuate the policy of this chapter, operate or lease any lands, docks, wharves, piers, or real property under his control, and all money received from such operation or lease shall be available for expenditure by the Secretary of Transportation as provided in this chapter. The Secretary of Transportation may, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe in accordance with sound business practice, make such extensions and accept such renewals of the notes and other evidences of indebtedness hereby transferred, and of the mortgages and other contracts securing the same, as he may deem necessary to carry out the objects of this chapter.

46 USC Appendix 1114 - Transfer of powers; rules and orders

(a) Transfer of functions, powers, and duties
All the functions, powers, and duties vested in the former United States Shipping Board by the Shipping Act, 1916 [46 App. U.S.C. 801 et seq.], the Merchant Marine Act, 1920 [46 App. U.S.C. 861 et seq.], the Merchant Marine Act, 1928 [46 App. U.S.C. 891 et seq.], and amendments to those Acts, and now vested in the Department of Commerce pursuant to section 12 of the Presidents Executive Order [No. 6166] of June 10, 1933, are hereby transferred to the Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation: Provided, however, That after June 29, 1936, no further construction loans shall be made under the provisions of section 11 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1920, as amended.

(b) Rules and regulations
The Commission and the Secretary of Transportation are authorized to adopt all necessary rules and regulations to carry out the powers, duties, and functions vested in them by this chapter.

(c) Enforcement of orders; penalties for violations
The orders issued by the Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation in the exercise of the powers transferred to them by this subchapter shall be enforced in the same manner as heretofore provided by law for enforcement of the orders issued by the former United States Shipping Board, and violation of such orders shall subject the person or corporation guilty of such violation to the same penalties or punishment as heretofore provided for violation of the orders of said Board.

46 USC Appendix 1115 - Discrimination at ports by carriers by water against other carriers

Without limiting the power and authority otherwise vested in the Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation, it shall be unlawful for any common carrier by water, either directly or indirectly, through the medium of an agreement, conference, association, understanding, or otherwise, to prevent or attempt to prevent any other such carrier from serving any port designed for the accommodation of ocean-going vessels located on any improvement project authorized by the Congress or through it by any other agency of the Federal Government, lying within the continental limits of the United States, at the same rates which it charges at the nearest port already regularly served by it.

46 USC Appendix 1116 - Construction fund

All sums of money now in the construction loan fund created by section 111 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1920, as amended, together with the proceeds of all debts, accounts, choses in action, and the proceeds of all notes, mortgages, and other evidences of indebtedness, hereby transferred to the Department of Transportation, and all of the proceeds of sales of ships and surplus property heretofore or hereafter made, including proceeds of notes or other evidences of debt taken therefor and the interest thereon, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, all money representing amounts of unclaimed wages, salvage awards and miscellaneous unclaimed items carried as liabilities on the books of the former United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation and all money heretofore or hereafter received from the operation or leasing of lands, docks, wharves, piers, or real property shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States and there maintained as a revolving fund, herein designated as the construction fund, and shall be available for expenditure by the Secretary of Transportation in carrying out the provisions of this chapter. All moneys received by the Department of Transportation under the provisions of this chapter shall be deposited in its construction fund, and all disbursements made by the Secretary of Transportation under authority of this chapter shall be paid out of said fund, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, all disbursements applicable to the money referred to in this section may be made by the Secretary of Transportation out of said fund. Further appropriations by Congress to replenish said fund are authorized.

[1] See References in Text note below.

46 USC Appendix 1116a - Application to obligations against emergency ship construction fund

On and after March 22, 1947, the construction fund established by section 1116 of this Appendix shall be available for the payment of obligations previously incurred against the emergency ship construction fund.

46 USC Appendix 1117 - Power to contract; audit of accounts; reports of Comptroller General

The Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation may enter into such contracts, upon behalf of the United States, and may make such disbursements as may, in its or his discretion, be necessary to carry on the activities authorized by this chapter, or to protect, preserve, or improve the collateral held by the Commission or Secretary to secure indebtedness, in the same manner that a private corporation may contract within the scope of the authority conferred by its charter. All the Commissions and Secretarys financial transactions shall be audited in the Government Accountability Office according to approved commercial practice as provided in the Act of March 20, 1922 (42 Stat. 444): Provided, That it shall be recognized that, because of the business activities authorized by this chapter, the accounting officers shall allow credit for all expenditures shown to be necessary because of the nature of such authorized activities, notwithstanding any existing statutory provision to the contrary. The Comptroller General shall report annually or oftener to Congress any departure by the Commission or Secretary from the provisions of this chapter.

46 USC Appendix 1118 - Reports to Congress

The Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation shall, by April 1 each year, make a report to Congress, which shall include the results of its or his investigations, a summary of its or his transactions, its or his recommendations for legislation, a statement of all receipts under this chapter, and the purposes for which all expenditures were made.

46 USC Appendix 1119 - Authorization of appropriations

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or any other law, there are authorized to be appropriated after December 31, 1967, for the use of the Maritime Administration for

(1) acquisition, construction, or reconstruction of vessels;

(2) construction-differential subsidy incident to the construction, reconstruction, or reconditioning of ships;

(3) cost of national defense features;

(4) payment of obligations incurred for operating-differential subsidy;

(5) expenses necessary for research and development activities (including reimbursement of the Vessel Operations Revolving Fund for losses resulting from expenses of experimental ship operations);

(6) reserve fleet expenses;

(7) maritime training at the Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York;

(8) financial assistance to State maritime academies under section 1295c of this Appendix;

(9) the Vessel Operations Revolving Fund;

(10) ^[1] expenses necessary for additional training provided under section 1295d of this Appendix;

(10) ^[1] expenses necessary to carry out subchapter XIII of this chapter; and

(11) other operations and training expenses related to the development of waterborne transportation systems, the use of waterborne transportation systems, or general administration;

only such sums as the Congress may specifically authorize by law: Provided, however, That the Congress finds and declares that the national policy set forth in section 1101 of this Appendix requires that there should be authorized and appropriated for fiscal years 1971 through 1980 such sums as may be necessary to construct 300 ships of such sizes, types and designs as the Secretary of Transportation may consider best suited to carry out the purposes and policy of this chapter.

[1] See 1980 Amendment note below.

46 USC Appendix 1120 - Survey of existing merchant marine for creation of adequate American-owned fleet

It shall be the duty of the Secretary of Transportation to make a survey of the American merchant marine, as it now exists, to determine what additions and replacements are required to carry forward the national policy declared in section 1101 of this Appendix, and the Secretary of Transportation is directed to study, perfect, and adopt a long-range program for replacements and additions to the American merchant marine so that as soon as practicable the following objectives may be accomplished: First, the creation of an adequate and well-balanced merchant fleet, including vessels of all types, to provide shipping service essential for maintaining the flow of the foreign commerce of the United States, the vessels in such fleet to be so designed as to be readily and quickly convertible into transport and supply vessels in a time of national emergency. In planning the development of such a fleet the Secretary of Transportation is directed to cooperate closely with the Navy Department as to national-defense needs and the possible speedy adaptation of the merchant fleet to national-defense requirements. Second, the ownership and the operation of such a merchant fleet by citizens of the United States insofar as may be practicable. Third, the planning of vessels designed to afford the best and most complete protection for passengers and crew against fire and all marine perils. Fourth, the creation and maintenance of efficient shipbuilding and repair capacity in the United States with adequate numbers of skilled personnel to provide an adequate mobilization base.

46 USC Appendix 1121 - Investigations, studies, records, etc.

The Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed to investigate, determine, and keep current records of

(a) Suitable ocean routes and lines to foreign ports; vessels and costs of operation
The ocean services, routes, and lines from ports in the United States, or in a Territory, district, or possession thereof, to foreign markets, which are, or may be, determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be essential for the promotion, development, expansion, and maintenance of the foreign commerce of the United States, and in reaching his determination the Secretary of Transportation shall consider and give due weight to the cost of maintaining each of such steamship lines, the probability that any such line cannot be maintained except at a heavy loss disproportionate to the benefit accruing to foreign trade, the number of sailings and types of vessels that should be employed in such lines, and any other facts and conditions that a prudent business man would consider when dealing with his own business, with the added consideration, however, of the intangible benefit the maintenance of any such line may afford to the foreign commerce of the United States, to the national defense, and to other national requirements;

(b) Bulk cargo carrying services
The bulk cargo carrying services that should, for the promotion, development, expansion, and maintenance of the foreign commerce of the United States and for the national defense or other national requirements be provided by United States-flag vessels whether or not operating on particular services, routes, or lines;

(c) Vessels required in proposed routes
The type, size, speed, method of propulsion, and other requirements of the vessels, including express-liner or super-liner vessels, which should be employed in such services or on such routes or lines, and the frequency and regularity of the sailings of such vessels, with a view to furnishing adequate, regular, certain, and permanent service, or which should be employed to provide the bulk cargo carrying services necessary to the promotion, maintenance, and expansion of the foreign commerce of the United States and its national defense or other national requirements whether or not such vessels operate on a particular service, route, or line;

(d) Cost of construction in United States and abroad
The relative cost of construction of comparable vessels in the United States and in foreign countries;

(e) Relative cost of operation under laws of United States and foreign countries
The relative cost of marine insurance, maintenance, repairs, wages and subsistence of officers and crews, and all other items of expense, in the operation of comparable vessels under the laws, rules, and regulations of the United States and under those of the foreign countries whose vessels are substantial competitors of any such American vessel;

(f) Foreign subsidies
The extent and character of the governmental aid and subsidies granted by foreign governments to their merchant marine;

(g) Shipyards
The number, location, and efficiency of the shipyards existing on June 29, 1936, or thereafter built in the United States;

(h) Laws applicable to aircraft
To investigate and determine what provisions of this chapter and other Acts relating to shipping should be made applicable to aircraft engaged in foreign commerce in order to further the policy expressed in this chapter, and to recommend appropriate legislation to this end;

(i) Transportation to foreign ports of cotton, coal, lumber, and cement
The advisability of enactment of suitable legislation authorizing the Secretary of Transportation in an economic or commercial emergency, to aid the farmers and cotton, coal, lumber, and cement producers in any section of the United States in the transportation and landing of their products in any foreign port, which products can be carried in dry-cargo vessels by reducing rates, by supplying additional tonnage to any American operator, or by operation of vessels directly by the Secretary of Transportation, until such time as the Secretary of Transportation shall deem such special rate reduction and operation unnecessary for the benefit of the American farmers and such producers; and

(j) New designs of vessels; intercoastal and inland water transportation
New designs, new methods of construction, and new types of equipment for vessels; the possibilities of promoting the carrying of American foreign trade in American vessels; and intercoastal and inland water transportation, including their relation to transportation by land and air.

46 USC Appendix 11211 - Priority loading for vessels engaged in coastwise transportation of coal; exception, report to Congress

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, any vessel engaged in the coastwise transportation of coal produced in the United States, from a port in the United States to another port in the United States, shall have the priority to load at any such ports ahead of any waiting vessels engaged in the export trade of coal produced in the United States: Provided, That, the Secretary of Transportation may, if he determines that it is in the national interest, eliminate priority loading, as provided herein, at any such port or ports, and to report such action to the Congress within 30 days.

46 USC Appendix 11212 - National Maritime Enhancement Institutes

(a) Designation by Secretary of Transportation
The Secretary of Transportation may designate National Maritime Enhancement Institutes.

(b) Activities
Activities undertaken by such an Institute may include

(1) conducting research concerning methods for improving the performance of maritime industries;

(2) enhancing the competitiveness of domestic maritime industries in international trade;

(3) forecasting trends in maritime trade;

(4) assessing technological advancements;

(5) developing management initiatives and training;

(6) analyzing economic and operational impacts of regulatory policies and international negotiations or agreements pending before international bodies;

(7) assessing the compatibility of domestic maritime infrastructure systems with overseas transport systems;

(8) fostering innovations in maritime transportation pricing; and

(9) improving maritime economics and finance.

(c) Submission of applications
An institution seeking designation as a National Maritime Enhancement Institute shall submit an application under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Designation criteria
The Secretary shall designate an Institute under this section on the basis of the following criteria:

(1) the demonstrated research and extension resources available to the designee for carrying out the activities specified in subsection (b) of this section;

(2) the capability of the designee to provide leadership in making national and regional contributions to the solution of both long-range and immediate problems of the domestic maritime industry;

(3) the existence of an established program of the designee encompassing research and training directed to enhancing maritime industries;

(4) the demonstrated ability of the designee to assemble and evaluate pertinent information from national and international sources and to disseminate results of maritime industry research and educational programs through a continuing education program; and

(5) the qualification of the designee as a nonprofit">nonprofit institution of higher learning.

(e) Awards
The Secretary may make awards on an equal matching basis to an institute designated under subsection (a) of this section from amounts appropriated. The aggregate annual amount of the Federal share of the awards by the Secretary shall not exceed $500,000.

(f) University transportation research funds

(1) In general
The Secretary may make a grant under section 5505 of title 49 to an institute designated under subsection (a) of this section for maritime and maritime intermodal research under that section as if the institute were a university transportation center.

(2) Advice and consultation of MARAD
In making a grant under the authority of paragraph (1), the Secretary, through the Research and Innovative Technology Administration, shall advise the Maritime Administration concerning the availability of funds for the grants, and consult with the Administration on the making of the grants.

46 USC Appendix 1122 - Maritime problems; cooperation with others; cargo carriage; recommendations

The Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed

(a) Study of maritime problems
To study all maritime problems arising in the carrying out of the policy set forth in subchapter I of this chapter;

(b) Inducing preferences for American vessels; construction of super-liners
To study, and to cooperate with vessel owners in devising means by which

(1) the importers and exporters of the United States can be induced to give preference to vessels under United States registry; and

(2) there may be constructed by or with the aid of the United States express-liner or super-liner vessels comparable with those of other nations, especially with a view to their use in national emergency, and the use in connection with or in lieu of such vessels of transoceanic aircraft service;

(c) Collaboration with owners and builders
To collaborate with vessel owners and shipbuilders in developing plans for the economical construction of vessels and their propelling machinery, of most modern economical types, giving thorough consideration to all well-recognized means of propulsion and taking into account the benefits accruing from standardized production where practicable and desirable; and

(d) Liaison with other agencies and trade organizations
To establish and maintain liaison with such other boards, commissions, independent establishments, and departments of the United States Government, and with such representative trade organizations throughout the United States as may be concerned, directly or indirectly, with any movement of commodities in the water-borne export and import foreign commerce of the United States, for the purpose of securing preference to vessels of United States registry in the shipment of such commodities.

(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 98–237, § 20(a), Mar. 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 88

(f) Development and implementation of new methods of cargo carriage; preferences for cargo containers
To study means and methods of encouraging the development and implementation of new concepts for the carriage of cargo in the domestic and foreign commerce of the United States, and to study the economic and technological aspects of the use of cargo containers as a method of carrying out the declaration of policy set forth in subchapter I of this chapter, and in carrying out the provisions of this subsection and such policy the United States shall not give preference as between carriers upon the basis of length, height, or width of cargo containers or length, height, or width of cargo container cells and this requirement shall be applicable to all existing container vessels and any container vessel to be constructed or rebuilt; and

(g) Recommendations for further legislation
To make recommendations to Congress, from time to time, for such further legislation as he deems necessary better to effectuate the purpose and policy of this chapter.

46 USC Appendix 1122a - Vessel utilization and performance reports; filing; civil penalty; lien upon vessel; remission or mitigation of penalty

The operator of a vessel in waterborne foreign commerce of the United States shall file at such times and in such manner as the Secretary of Transportation may prescribe by regulations, such report, account, record, or memorandum relating to the utilization and performance of such vessel in commerce of the United States, as the Secretary may determine to be necessary or desirable in order to carry out the purposes and provisions of this chapter. Such report, account, record, or memorandum shall be signed and verified in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary. An operator who does not file the report, account, record, or memorandum as required by this section and the regulations issued hereunder, shall be liable to the United States in a penalty of $50 for each day of such violation. The amount of any penalty imposed for any violation of this section upon the operator of any vessel shall constitute a lien upon the vessel involved in the violation, and such vessel may be libeled therefor in the district court of the United States for the district in which it may be found. The Secretary of Transportation may, in his discretion, remit or mitigate any penalty imposed under this section on such terms as he may deem proper.

46 USC Appendix 1122b - Mobile trade fairs

(a) Use of United States flag vessels and aircraft insofar as practicable
The Secretary of Commerce shall encourage and promote the development and use of mobile trade fairs which are designed to show and sell the products of United States business and agriculture at foreign ports and at other commercial centers throughout the world where the operator or operators of the mobile trade fairs use insofar as practicable United States flag vessels and aircraft in the transportation of their exhibits.

(b) Technical and financial assistance; exceptions
The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to provide to the operator or operators of such mobile trade fairs technical assistance and support as well as financial assistance for the purpose of defraying certain expenses incurred abroad (other than the cost of transportation on foreign-flag vessels and aircraft), when the Secretary determines that such operations provide an economical and effective means of promoting export sales.

(c) Use of foreign currencies
In addition to any amounts appropriated to carry out trade promotion activities, the President may use foreign currencies owned by or owed to the United States to carry out this section.

46 USC Appendix 1123 - Obsolete tonnage; tramp service

The Secretary of Transportation shall make studies of and make reports to Congress on the following:

(1) The scrapping or removal from service of old or obsolete merchant tonnage owned by the United States or in use in the merchant marine.

(2) Tramp shipping service and the advisability of citizens of the United States participating in such service with vessels under United States registry.

46 USC Appendix 1124 - Witnesses

(a) Summoning; oaths; production of books and papers; fees
For the purpose of any investigation which, in the opinion of the Secretary of Transportation, is necessary and proper in carrying out this chapter, the Secretary may subpoena witnesses, administer oaths and affirmations, take evidence, and require the production of books, papers, or other documents that are relevant to the matter under investigation. The attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, or other documents may be required from any place in the United States or any territory, district, or possession thereof at any designated place of hearing. Witnesses summoned before the Secretary shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States.

(b) Refusal to obey subpena; court orders; contempt
Upon failure of any person to obey a subpoena issued by the Secretary, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any district court of the United States within the jurisdiction in which the person resides or carries on business in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, papers, or other documents. Any such court may issue an order requiring the person to appear before the Secretary, or an employee designated by the Secretary, there to produce books, papers, or other documents, if so ordered, or to give testimony relevant to the matter under investigation. A failure to obey an order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof. Process in such a case may be served in the judicial district in which the person resides or may be found.

46 USC Appendix 1125 - Acquisition of vessels

The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to acquire by purchase or otherwise such vessels constructed in the United States as he may deem necessary to establish, maintain, improve, or effect replacements upon any service, route, or line in the foreign commerce of the United States determined to be essential under section 1121 of this Appendix, and to pay for the same out of his construction fund: Provided, That the price paid therefor shall be based upon a fair and reasonable valuation, but it shall not exceed by more than 5 per centum the cost of such vessel to the owner (excluding any construction-differential subsidy and the cost of national defense features paid by the Secretary of Transportation) plus the actual cost previously expended thereon for reconditioning less depreciation based upon a twenty-five year life expectancy of the vessel. No such vessel shall be acquired by the Secretary of Transportation unless the Secretary of the Navy has certified to the Secretary of Transportation that such vessel is suitable for economical and speedy conversion into a naval or military auxiliary, or otherwise suitable for the use of the United States in time of war or national emergency. Every vessel acquired under authority of this section that is not documented under the laws of the United States at the time of its acquisition shall be so documented as soon as practicable.

46 USC Appendix 1125a - Construction, repair, etc., of vessels for Government agencies

The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to construct, reconstruct, repair, equip, and outfit, by contract or otherwise, vessels or parts thereof, for any other department or agency of the Government, to the extent that such other department or agency is authorized by law to do so for its own account, and any obligations heretofore or hereafter incurred by the Secretary for any of the aforesaid purposes shall not diminish or otherwise affect any contract authorization granted to the Secretary: Provided, The obligations incurred or the expenditures made are charged against and, to the amount of such obligation or expenditure, diminish the existing appropriation or contract authorization of such department or agency.

46 USC Appendix 11261 - Training of future naval officers under Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps programs at merchant marine academies for promotion of maximum integration of naval and merchant marine seapower of Nation

(a) It is the policy of the United States that the United States Navy and the Merchant Marine of the United States work closely together to promote the maximum integration of the total seapower forces of the Nation. In furtherance of this policy, it is necessary and desirable that special steps be taken to assure that Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps programs (for training future naval officers) be maintained at Federal and State merchant marine academies.

(b) It is the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of the Navy should work with the Maritime Administrator and the administrators of the several merchant marine academies to assure that the training available at these academies is consistent with Navy standards and needs.