TITLE 42 - US CODE - CHAPTER 72 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER I - GENERALLY

42 USC 5601 - Findings

(a) The Congress finds the following:
(1) Although the juvenile violent crime arrest rate in 1999 was the lowest in the decade, there remains a consensus that the number of crimes and the rate of offending by juveniles nationwide is still too high.
(2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, allowing 1 youth to leave school for a life of crime and of drug abuse costs society $1,700,000 to $2,300,000 annually.
(3) One in every 6 individuals (16.2 percent) arrested for committing violent crime in 1999 was less than 18 years of age. In 1999, juveniles accounted for 9 percent of murder arrests, 17 percent of forcible rape arrests, 25 percent of robbery arrest, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, and 24 percent of weapons arrests.
(4) More than 1/2 of juvenile murder victims are killed with firearms. Of the nearly 1,800 murder victims less than 18 years of age, 17 percent of the victims less than 13 years of age were murdered with a firearm, and 81 percent of the victims 13 years of age or older were killed with a firearm.
(5) Juveniles accounted for 13 percent of all drug abuse violation arrests in 1999. Between 1990 and 1999, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations rose 132 percent.
(6) Over the last 3 decades, youth gang problems have increased nationwide. In the 1970s, 19 States reported youth gang problems. By the late 1990s, all 50 States and the District of Columbia reported gang problems. For the same period, the number of cities reporting youth gang problems grew 843 percent, and the number of counties reporting gang problems increased more than 1,000 percent.
(7) According to a national crime survey of individuals 12 years of age or older during 1999, those 12 to 19 years old are victims of violent crime at higher rates than individuals in all other age groups. Only 30.8 percent of these violent victimizations were reported by youth to police in 1999.
(8) One-fifth of juveniles 16 years of age who had been arrested were first arrested before attaining 12 years of age. Juveniles who are known to the juvenile justice system before attaining 13 years of age are responsible for a disproportionate share of serious crimes and violence.
(9) The increase in the arrest rates for girls and young juvenile offenders has changed the composition of violent offenders entering the juvenile justice system.
(10) These problems should be addressed through a 2-track common sense approach that addresses the needs of individual juveniles and society at large by promoting
(A) quality prevention programs that
(i) work with juveniles, their families, local public agencies, and community-based organizations, and take into consideration such factors as whether or not juveniles have been the victims of family violence (including child abuse and neglect); and
(ii) are designed to reduce risks and develop competencies in at-risk juveniles that will prevent, and reduce the rate of, violent delinquent behavior; and
(B) programs that assist in holding juveniles accountable for their actions and in developing the competencies necessary to become responsible and productive members of their communities, including a system of graduated sanctions to respond to each delinquent act, requiring juveniles to make restitution, or perform community service, for the damage caused by their delinquent acts, and methods for increasing victim satisfaction with respect to the penalties imposed on juveniles for their acts.
(11) Coordinated juvenile justice and delinquency prevention projects that meet the needs of juveniles through the collaboration of the many local service systems juveniles encounter can help prevent juveniles from becoming delinquent and help delinquent youth return to a productive life.
(b) Congress must act now to reform this program by focusing on juvenile delinquency prevention programs, as well as programs that hold juveniles accountable for their acts and which provide opportunities for competency development. Without true reform, the juvenile justice system will not be able to overcome the challenges it will face in the coming years when the number of juveniles is expected to increase by 18 percent between 2000 and 2030.

42 USC 5602 - Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter are
(1) to support State and local programs that prevent juvenile involvement in delinquent behavior;
(2) to assist State and local governments in promoting public safety by encouraging accountability for acts of juvenile delinquency; and
(3) to assist State and local governments in addressing juvenile crime through the provision of technical assistance, research, training, evaluation, and the dissemination of information on effective programs for combating juvenile delinquency.

42 USC 5603 - Definitions

For purposes of this chapter
(1) the term community based facility, program, or service means a small, open group home or other suitable place located near the juveniles home or family and programs of community supervision and service which maintain community and consumer participation in the planning operation, and evaluation of their programs which may include, but are not limited to, medical, educational, vocational, social, and psychological guidance, training, special education, counseling, alcoholism treatment, drug treatment, and other rehabilitative services;
(2) the term Federal juvenile delinquency program means any juvenile delinquency program which is conducted, directly, or indirectly, or is assisted by any Federal department or agency, including any program funded under this chapter;
(3) the term juvenile delinquency program means any program or activity related to juvenile delinquency prevention, control, diversion, treatment, rehabilitation, planning, education, training, and research, including drug and alcohol abuse programs; the improvement of the juvenile justice system; and any program or activity designed to reduce known risk factors for juvenile delinquent behavior, provides[1] activities that build on protective factors for, and develop competencies in, juveniles to prevent, and reduce the rate of, delinquent juvenile behavior;
(4) 
(A) the term Bureau of Justice Assistance means the bureau established by section 3741 of this title;
(B) the term Office of Justice Programs means the office established by section 3711 of this title;
(C) the term National Institute of Justice means the institute established by section 3722 (a) of this title; and
(D) the term Bureau of Justice Statistics means the bureau established by section 3732 (a) of this title;
(5) the term Administrator means the agency head designated by section 5611 (b) of this title;
(6) the term law enforcement and criminal justice means any activity pertaining to crime prevention, control, or reduction or the enforcement of the criminal law, including, but not limited to police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime or to apprehend criminals, activities of courts having criminal jurisdiction and related agencies (including prosecutorial and defender services), activities of corrections, probation, or parole authorities, and programs relating to the prevention, control, or reduction of juvenile delinquency or narcotic addiction;
(7) the term State means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
(8) the term unit of local government means
(A) any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State;
(B) any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district that
(i) is established under applicable State law; and
(ii) has the authority to, in a manner independent of other State entities, establish a budget and raise revenues;
(C) an Indian Tribe that performs law enforcement functions, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; or
(D) for the purposes of assistance eligibility, any agency of the government of the District of Columbia or the Federal Government that performs law enforcement functions in and for
(i) the District of Columbia; or
(ii) any Trust Territory of the United States;
(9) the term combination as applied to States or units of local government means any grouping or joining together of such States or units for the purpose of preparing, developing, or implementing a juvenile justice and delinquency prevention plan;
(10) the term construction means acquisition, expansion, remodeling, and alteration of existing buildings, and initial equipment of any such buildings, or any combination of such activities (including architects fees but not the cost of acquisition of land for buildings);
(11) the term public agency means any State, unit of local government, combination of such States or units, or any department, agency, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing;
(12) the term secure detention facility means any public or private residential facility which
(A) includes construction fixtures designed to physically restrict the movements and activities of juveniles or other individuals held in lawful custody in such facility; and
(B) is used for the temporary placement of any juvenile who is accused of having committed an offense or of any other individual accused of having committed a criminal offense;
(13) the term secure correctional facility means any public or private residential facility which
(A) includes construction fixtures designed to physically restrict the movements and activities of juveniles or other individuals held in lawful custody in such facility; and
(B) is used for the placement, after adjudication and disposition, of any juvenile who has been adjudicated as having committed an offense or any other individual convicted of a criminal offense;
(14) the term serious crime means criminal homicide, forcible rape or other sex offenses punishable as a felony, mayhem, kidnapping, aggravated assault, drug trafficking, robbery, larceny or theft punishable as a felony, motor vehicle theft, burglary or breaking and entering, extortion accompanied by threats of violence, and arson punishable as a felony;
(15) the term treatment includes but is not limited to medical, educational, special education, social, psychological, and vocational services, corrective and preventive guidance and training, and other rehabilitative services designed to protect the public, including services designed to benefit addicts and other users by eliminating their dependence on alcohol or other addictive or nonaddictive drugs or by controlling their dependence and susceptibility to addiction or use;
(16) the term valid court order means a court order given by a juvenile court judge to a juvenile
(A) who was brought before the court and made subject to such order; and
(B) who received, before the issuance of such order, the full due process rights guaranteed to such juvenile by the Constitution of the United States;
(17) the term Council means the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established in section 5616 (a)(1) of this title;
(18) the term Indian tribe means
(A) a federally recognized Indian tribe; or
(B) an Alaskan Native organization;
(19) the term comprehensive and coordinated system of services means a system that
(A) ensures that services and funding for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency are consistent with policy goals of preserving families and providing appropriate services in the least restrictive environment so as to simultaneously protect juveniles and maintain public safety;
(B) identifies, and intervenes early for the benefit of, young children who are at risk of developing emotional or behavioral problems because of physical or mental stress or abuse, and for the benefit of their families;
(C) increases interagency collaboration and family involvement in the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency; and
(D) encourages private and public partnerships in the delivery of services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency;
(20) the term gender-specific services means services designed to address needs unique to the gender of the individual to whom such services are provided;
(21) the term home-based alternative services means services provided to a juvenile in the home of the juvenile as an alternative to incarcerating the juvenile, and includes home detention;
(22) the term jail or lockup for adults means a locked facility that is used by a State, unit of local government, or any law enforcement authority to detain or confine adults
(A) pending the filing of a charge of violating a criminal law;
(B) awaiting trial on a criminal charge; or
(C) convicted of violating a criminal law;
(23) the term nonprofit">nonprofit organization means an organization described in section 501 (c)(3) of title 26 that is exempt from taxation under section 501 (a) of title 26;
(24) the term graduated sanctions means an accountability-based, graduated series of sanctions (including incentives, treatment, and services) applicable to juveniles within the juvenile justice system to hold such juveniles accountable for their actions and to protect communities from the effects of juvenile delinquency by providing appropriate sanctions for every act for which a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent, by inducing their law-abiding behavior, and by preventing their subsequent involvement with the juvenile justice system;
(25) the term contact means the degree of interaction allowed between juvenile offenders in a secure custody status and incarcerated adults under section 31.303(d)(1)(i) of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on December 10, 1996;
(26) the term adult inmate means an individual who
(A) has reached the age of full criminal responsibility under applicable State law; and
(B) has been arrested and is in custody for or awaiting trial on a criminal charge, or is convicted of a criminal offense;
(27) the term violent crime means
(A) murder or nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, or robbery, or
(B) aggravated assault committed with the use of a firearm;
(28) the term collocated facilities means facilities that are located in the same building, or are part of a related complex of buildings located on the same grounds; and
(29) the term related complex of buildings means 2 or more buildings that share
(A) physical features, such as walls and fences, or services beyond mechanical services (heating, air conditioning, water and sewer); or
(B) the specialized services that are allowable under section 31.303(e)(3)(i)(C)(3) of title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on December 10, 1996.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “provide”.

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER II - PROGRAMS AND OFFICES

Part A - Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Office

42 USC 5611 - Establishment

(a) Placement within Department of Justice under general authority of Attorney General 
There is hereby established an Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (hereinafter in this division[1] referred to as the Office) within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General.
(b) Administrator; head, appointment, authorities, etc. 
The Office shall be headed by an Administrator (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the Administrator) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among individuals who have had experience in juvenile justice programs. The Administrator is authorized to prescribe regulations consistent with this chapter to award, administer, modify, extend, terminate, monitor, evaluate, reject, or deny all grants and contracts from, and applications for, funds made available under this subchapter. The Administrator shall have the same reporting relationship with the Attorney General as the directors of other offices and bureaus within the Office of Justice Programs have.
(c) Deputy Administrator; appointment, functions, etc. 
There shall be in the Office a Deputy Administrator who shall be appointed by the Attorney General. The Deputy Administrator shall perform such functions as the Administrator may from time to time assign or delegate and shall act as the Administrator during the absence or disability of the Administrator.
[1] See References in Text note below.

42 USC 5612 - Personnel

(a) Selection; employment; compensation 
The Administrator is authorized to select, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers and employees, including attorneys, as are necessary to perform the functions vested in the Administrator and to prescribe their functions.
(b) Special personnel 
The Administrator is authorized to select, appoint, and employ not to exceed three officers and to fix their compensation at rates not to exceed the rate now or hereafter payable under section 5376 of title 5.
(c) Personnel from other agencies 
Upon the request of the Administrator, the head of any Federal agency is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of its personnel to the Administrator to assist the Administrator in carrying out the functions of the Administrator under this subchapter.
(d) Experts and consultants 
The Administrator may obtain services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, at rates not to exceed the rate now or hereafter payable under section 5376 of title 5.

42 USC 5613 - Voluntary and uncompensated services

The Administrator is authorized to accept and employ, in carrying out the provisions of this chapter, voluntary and uncompensated services notwithstanding the provisions of section 1342 of title 31.

42 USC 5614 - Concentration of Federal efforts

(a) Implementation of policy by Administrator; consultation with Council and Advisory Committee 

(1) The Administrator shall develop objectives, priorities, and a long-term plan, and implement overall policy and a strategy to carry out such plan, for all Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities relating to prevention, diversion, training, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, research, and improvement of the juvenile justice system in the United States. In carrying out the functions of the Administrator, the Administrator shall consult with the Council.
(2) 
(A) The plan described in paragraph (1) shall
(i) contain specific goals and criteria for making grants and contracts, for conducting research, and for carrying out other activities under this subchapter; and
(ii) provide for coordinating the administration programs and activities under this subchapter with the administration of all other Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities, including proposals for joint funding to be coordinated by the Administrator.
(B) The Administrator shall review the plan described in paragraph (1) annually, revise the plan as the Administrator considers appropriate, and publish the plan in the Federal Register
(i) not later than 240 days after November 4, 1992, in the case of the initial plan required by paragraph (1); and
(ii) except as provided in clause (i), in the 30-day period ending on October 1 of each year.
(b) Duties of Administrator 
In carrying out the purposes of this chapter, the Administrator shall
(1) advise the President through the Attorney General as to all matters relating to federally assisted juvenile delinquency programs and Federal policies regarding juvenile delinquency;
(2) assist operating agencies which have direct responsibilities for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency in the development and promulgation of regulations, guidelines, requirements, criteria, standards, procedures, and budget requests in accordance with the policies, priorities, and objectives the Administrator establishes;
(3) conduct and support evaluations and studies of the performance and results achieved by Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities;
(4) implement Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities among Federal departments and agencies and between Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities and other Federal programs and activities which the Administrator determines may have an important bearing on the success of the entire Federal juvenile delinquency effort;
(5) 
(A) develop for each fiscal year, and publish annually in the Federal Register for public comment, a proposed comprehensive plan describing the particular activities which the Administrator intends to carry out under parts D and E of this subchapter in such fiscal year, specifying in detail those activities designed to satisfy the requirements of parts D and E of this subchapter; and
(B) taking into consideration comments received during the 45-day period beginning on the date the proposed plan is published, develop and publish a final plan, before December 31 of such fiscal year, describing the particular activities which the Administrator intends to carry out under parts D and E of this subchapter in such fiscal year, specifying in detail those activities designed to satisfy the requirements of parts D and E of this subchapter;
(6) provide for the auditing of monitoring systems required under section 5633 (a)(15)1 of this title to review the adequacy of such systems; and
(7) not later than 1 year after November 2, 2002, issue model standards for providing mental health care to incarcerated juveniles.
(c) Information, reports, studies, and surveys from other agencies 
The Administrator may require, through appropriate authority, Federal departments and agencies engaged in any activity involving any Federal juvenile delinquency program to provide the Administrator with such information as may be appropriate to prevent the duplication of efforts, and to coordinate activities, related to the prevention of juvenile delinquency.
(d) Delegation of functions 
The Administrator shall have the sole authority to delegate any of the functions of the Administrator under this chapter.
(e) Utilization of services and facilities of other agencies; reimbursement 
The Administrator is authorized to utilize the services and facilities of any agency of the Federal Government and of any other public agency or institution in accordance with appropriate agreements, and to pay for such services either in advance or by way of reimbursement as may be agreed upon.
(f) Coordination of functions of Administrator and Secretary of Health and Human Services 
All functions of the Administrator under this subchapter shall be coordinated as appropriate with the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services under subchapter III of this chapter.
[1] See References in Text note below.

42 USC 5615 - Joint funding; non-Federal share requirements

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, where funds are made available by more than one Federal agency to be used by any agency, organization, institution, or individual to carry out a Federal juvenile delinquency program or activity, any one of the Federal agencies providing funds may be requested by the Administrator to act for all in administering the funds advanced whenever the Administrator finds the program or activity to be exceptionally effective or for which the Administrator finds exceptional need. In such cases, a single non-Federal share requirement may be established according to the proportion of funds advanced by each Federal agency, and the Administrator may order any such agency to waive any technical grant or contract requirement (as defined in such regulations) which is inconsistent with the similar requirement of the administering agency or which the administering agency does not impose.

42 USC 5616 - Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

(a) Establishment; membership 

(1) There is hereby established, as an independent organization in the executive branch of the Federal Government a Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention composed of the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, such other officers of Federal agencies who hold significant decisionmaking authority as the President may designate, and individuals appointed under paragraph (2).
(2) 
(A) Nine members shall be appointed, without regard to political affiliation, to the Council in accordance with this paragraph from among individuals who are practitioners in the field of juvenile justice and who are not officers or employees of the United States.
(B) 
(i) Three members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, after consultation with the minority leader of the House of Representatives.
(ii) Three members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, after consultation with the minority leader of the Senate.
(iii) Three members shall be appointed by the President.
(C) 
(i) Of the members appointed under each of clauses (i), (ii), and (iii)
(I) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 1 year;
(II) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 2 years; and
(III) 1 shall be appointed for a term of 3 years;

as designated at the time of appointment.

(ii) Except as provided in clause (iii), a vacancy arising during the term for which an appointment is made may be filled only for the remainder of such term.
(iii) After the expiration of the term for which a member is appointed, such member may continue to serve until a successor is appointed.
(b) Chairman and Vice Chairman 
The Attorney General shall serve as Chairman of the Council. The Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention shall serve as Vice Chairman of the Council. The Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman.
(c) Functions 

(1) The function of the Council shall be to coordinate all Federal juvenile delinquency programs (in cooperation with State and local juvenile justice programs) all Federal programs and activities that detain or care for unaccompanied juveniles, and all Federal programs relating to missing and exploited children. The Council shall examine how the separate programs can be coordinated among Federal, State, and local governments to better serve at-risk children and juveniles and shall make recommendations to the President, and to the Congress, at least annually with respect to the coordination of overall policy and development of objectives and priorities for all Federal juvenile delinquency programs and activities and all Federal programs and activities that detain or care for unaccompanied juveniles. The Council shall review the programs and practices of Federal agencies and report on the degree to which Federal agency funds are used for purposes which are consistent or inconsistent with the mandates of paragraphs (12)(A), (13), and (14) of section 5633 (a) of this title. The Council shall review, and make recommendations with respect to, any joint funding proposal undertaken by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and any agency represented on the Council. The Council shall review the reasons why Federal agencies take juveniles into custody and shall make recommendations regarding how to improve Federal practices and facilities for holding juveniles in custody.
(2) In addition to performing their functions as members of the Council, the members appointed under subsection (a)(2) of this section shall collectively
(A) make recommendations regarding the development of the objectives, priorities, and the long-term plan, and the implementation of overall policy and the strategy to carry out such plan, referred to in section 5614 (a)(1) of this title; and
(B) not later than 180 days after November 4, 1992, submit such recommendations to the Administrator, the Chairman of the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, and the Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.
(d) Meetings 
The Council shall meet at least quarterly.
(e) Appointment of personnel or staff support by Administrator 
The Administrator shall, with the approval of the Council, appoint such personnel or staff support as the Administrator considers necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.
(f) Expenses of Council members; reimbursement 
Members appointed under subsection (a)(2) of this section shall serve without compensation. Members of the Council shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in carrying out the duties of the Council.
(g) Authorization of appropriations 
Of sums available to carry out this part, not more than $200,000 shall be available to carry out this section.

42 USC 5617 - Annual report

Not later than 180 days after the end of a fiscal year, the Administrator shall submit to the President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro tempore of the Senate a report that contains the following with respect to such fiscal year:
(1) A detailed summary and analysis of the most recent data available regarding the number of juveniles taken into custody, the rate at which juveniles are taken into custody, and the trends demonstrated by the data required by subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C). Such summary and analysis shall set out the information required by subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) separately for juvenile nonoffenders, juvenile status offenders, and other juvenile offenders. Such summary and analysis shall separately address with respect to each category of juveniles specified in the preceding sentence
(A) the types of offenses with which the juveniles are charged;
(B) the race and gender of the juveniles;
(C) the ages of the juveniles;
(D) the types of facilities used to hold the juveniles (including juveniles treated as adults for purposes of prosecution) in custody, including secure detention facilities, secure correctional facilities, jails, and lockups;
(E) the number of juveniles who died while in custody and the circumstances under which they died; and
(F) the educational status of juveniles, including information relating to learning disabilities, failing performance, grade retention, and dropping out of school.
(2) A description of the activities for which funds are expended under this part, including the objectives, priorities, accomplishments, and recommendations of the Council.
(3) A description, based on the most recent data available, of the extent to which each State complies with section 5633 of this title and with the plan submitted under such section by the State for such fiscal year.
(4) An evaluation of the programs funded under this subchapter and their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of juvenile delinquency, particularly violent crime, committed by juveniles.

5618, 5619. Repealed. Pub. L. 96509, 9, Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2753

Section 5618, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 208, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1117, Pub. L. 95–115, § 3(a)(3)(B), (f), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048, 1050, set out the duties and provided for the staffing of the National Advisory Committee and numerous subcommittees. Section 5619, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 209, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1118, set out provisions for compensation and reimbursement for travel and other expenses of full and part time Federal employees serving on the Advisory Committee.

Part B - Federal Assistance for State and Local Programs

42 USC 5631 - Authority to make grants and contracts

(a) The Administrator is authorized to make grants to States and units of local government or combinations thereof to assist them in planning, establishing, operating, coordinating, and evaluating projects directly or through grants and contracts with public and private agencies for the development of more effective education, training, research, prevention, diversion, treatment, and rehabilitation programs in the area of juvenile delinquency and programs to improve the juvenile justice system.
(b) 
(1) With not to exceed 2 percent of the funds available in a fiscal year to carry out this part, the Administrator shall make grants to and enter into contracts with public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals to provide technical assistance to States, units of general local governments[1] (and combinations thereof), and local private agencies to facilitate compliance with section 5633 of this title and implementation of the State plan approved under section 5633 (c) of this title.
(2) Grants and contracts may be made under paragraph (1) only to public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals that have experience in providing such technical assistance.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “units of local governments”.

42 USC 5632 - Allocation of funds

(a) Time; basis; amounts 

(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and in accordance with regulations promulgated under this part, funds shall be allocated annually among the States on the basis of relative population of people under age eighteen.
(2) 
(A) Subject to paragraph (3), if the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter is less than $75,000,000, then the amount allocated to each State for such fiscal year shall be not less than $325,000, or such greater amount up to $400,000 as is available to be allocated without reducing the amount of any State or territorys allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 2000, except that the amount allocated to the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be not less than $75,000, or such greater amount up to $100,000 as is available to be allocated without reducing the amount of any State or territorys allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 2000, each.
(B) Subject to paragraph (3), if the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter equals or exceeds $75,000,000, then the amount allocated to each State for such fiscal year shall be not less than $600,000, except that the amount allocated to the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be not less than $100,000, or such greater amount up to $100,000 as is available to be allocated without reducing the amount of any State or territorys allocation below the amount allocated for fiscal year 2000, each.
(3) If, as a result of paragraph (2), the amount allocated to a State for a fiscal year would be less than the amount allocated to such State for fiscal year 2000, then the amounts allocated to satisfy the requirements of such paragraph shall be reduced pro rata to the extent necessary to allocate to such State for the fiscal year the amount allocated to such State for fiscal year 2000.
(b) Reallocation of unobligated funds 
If any amount so allocated remains unobligated at the end of the fiscal year, such funds shall be reallocated in a manner equitable and consistent with the purpose of this part. Any amount so reallocated shall be in addition to the amounts already allocated and available to the State, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for the same period.
(c) Use of allocated funds for development, etc., of State plans; limitations; matching requirements 
In accordance with regulations promulgated under this part, a portion of any allocation to any State under this part shall be available to develop a State plan or for other pre-award activities associated with such State plan, and to pay that portion of the expenditures which are necessary for efficient administration, including monitoring, evaluation, and one full-time staff position. Not more than 10 percent of the total annual allocation of such State shall be available for such purposes except that any amount expended or obligated by such State, or by units of local government or any combination thereof, from amounts made available under this subsection shall be matched (in an amount equal to any such amount so expended or obligated) by such State, or by such units or combinations, from State or local funds, as the case may be. The State shall make available needed funds for planning and administration to units of local government or combinations thereof within the State on an equitable basis.
(d) Minimum annual allocation for assistance of advisory group 
In accordance with regulations promulgated under this part, 5 per centum of the minimum annual allocation to any State under this part shall be available to assist the advisory group established under section 5633 (a)(3) of this title.

42 USC 5633 - State plans

(a) Requirements 
In order to receive formula grants under this part, a State shall submit a plan for carrying out its purposes applicable to a 3-year period. Such plan shall be amended annually to include new programs, projects, and activities. The State shall submit annual performance reports to the Administrator which shall describe progress in implementing programs contained in the original plan, and shall describe the status of compliance with State plan requirements. In accordance with regulations which the Administrator shall prescribe, such plan shall
(1) designate the State agency described in section 5671 (c)(1) of this title as the sole agency for supervising the preparation and administration of the plan;
(2) contain satisfactory evidence that the State agency designated in accordance with paragraph (1) has or will have authority, by legislation if necessary, to implement such plan in conformity with this part;
(3) provide for an advisory group that
(A) shall consist of not less than 15 and not more than 33 members appointed by the chief executive officer of the State
(i) which members have training, experience, or special knowledge concerning the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency, the administration of juvenile justice, or the reduction of juvenile delinquency;
(ii) which members include
(I) at least 1 locally elected official representing general purpose local government;
(II) representatives of law enforcement and juvenile justice agencies, including juvenile and family court judges, prosecutors, counsel for children and youth, and probation workers;
(III) representatives of public agencies concerned with delinquency prevention or treatment, such as welfare, social services, mental health, education, special education, recreation, and youth services;
(IV) representatives of private nonprofit">nonprofit organizations, including persons with a special focus on preserving and strengthening families, parent groups and parent self-help groups, youth development, delinquency prevention and treatment, neglected or dependent children, the quality of juvenile justice, education, and social services for children;
(V) volunteers who work with delinquents or potential delinquents;
(VI) youth workers involved with programs that are alternatives to incarceration, including programs providing organized recreation activities;
(VII) persons with special experience and competence in addressing problems related to school violence and vandalism and alternatives to suspension and expulsion; and
(VIII) persons with special experience and competence in addressing problems related to learning disabilities, emotional difficulties, child abuse and neglect, and youth violence;
(iii) a majority of which members (including the chairperson) shall not be full-time employees of the Federal, State, or local government;
(iv) at least one-fifth of which members shall be under the age of 24 at the time of appointment; and
(v) at least 3 members who have been or are currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system;
(B) shall participate in the development and review of the States juvenile justice plan prior to submission to the supervisory board for final action;
(C) shall be afforded the opportunity to review and comment, not later than 30 days after their submission to the advisory group, on all juvenile justice and delinquency prevention grant applications submitted to the State agency designated under paragraph (1);
(D) shall, consistent with this subchapter
(i) advise the State agency designated under paragraph (1) and its supervisory board; and
(ii) submit to the chief executive officer and the legislature of the State at least annually recommendations regarding State compliance with the requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and (13); and
(iii) contact and seek regular input from juveniles currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system; and
(E) may, consistent with this subchapter
(i) advise on State supervisory board and local criminal justice advisory board composition;[1]
(ii) review progress and accomplishments of projects funded under the State plan.
(4) provide for the active consultation with and participation of units of local government or combinations thereof in the development of a State plan which adequately takes into account the needs and requests of units of local government, except that nothing in the plan requirements, or any regulations promulgated to carry out such requirements, shall be construed to prohibit or impede the State from making grants to, or entering into contracts with, local private agencies or the advisory group;
(5) unless the provisions of this paragraph are waived at the discretion of the Administrator for any State in which the services for delinquent or other youth are organized primarily on a statewide basis, provide that at least 662/3 per centum of funds received by the State under section 5632 of this title reduced by the percentage (if any) specified by the State under the authority of paragraph (25) and excluding funds made available to the State advisory group under section 5632 (d) of this title, shall be expended
(A) through programs of units of local government or combinations thereof, to the extent such programs are consistent with the State plan;
(B) through programs of local private agencies, to the extent such programs are consistent with the State plan, except that direct funding of any local private agency by a State shall be permitted only if such agency requests such funding after it has applied for and been denied funding by any unit of local government or combination thereof; and
(C) to provide funds for programs of Indian tribes that perform law enforcement functions (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior) and that agree to attempt to comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (11), (12), and (13), applicable to the detention and confinement of juveniles, an amount that bears the same ratio to the aggregate amount to be expended through programs referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) as the population under 18 years of age in the geographical areas in which such tribes perform such functions bears to the State population under 18 years of age,[2]
(6) provide for an equitable distribution of the assistance received under section 5632 of this title within the State, including in rural areas;
(7) 
(A) provide for an analysis of juvenile delinquency problems in, and the juvenile delinquency control and delinquency prevention needs (including educational needs) of, the State (including any geographical area in which an Indian tribe performs law enforcement functions), a description of the services to be provided, and a description of performance goals and priorities, including a specific statement of the manner in which programs are expected to meet the identified juvenile crime problems (including the joining of gangs that commit crimes) and juvenile justice and delinquency prevention needs (including educational needs) of the State; and
(B) contain
(i) an analysis of gender-specific services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency, including the types of such services available and the need for such services;
(ii) a plan for providing needed gender-specific services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency;
(iii) a plan for providing needed services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency in rural areas; and
(iv) a plan for providing needed mental health services to juveniles in the juvenile justice system, including information on how such plan is being implemented and how such services will be targeted to those juveniles in such system who are in greatest need of such services;
(8) provide for the coordination and maximum utilization of existing juvenile delinquency programs, programs operated by public and private agencies and organizations, and other related programs (such as education, special education, recreation, health, and welfare programs) in the State;
(9) provide that not less than 75 percent of the funds available to the State under section 5632 of this title, other than funds made available to the State advisory group under section 5632 (d) of this title, whether expended directly by the State, by the unit of local government, or by a combination thereof, or through grants and contracts with public or private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, shall be used for
(A) community-based alternatives (including home-based alternatives) to incarceration and institutionalization including
(i) for youth who need temporary placement: crisis intervention, shelter, and after-care; and
(ii) for youth who need residential placement: a continuum of foster care or group home alternatives that provide access to a comprehensive array of services;
(B) community-based programs and services to work with
(i) parents and other family members to strengthen families, including parent self-help groups, so that juveniles may be retained in their homes;
(ii) juveniles during their incarceration, and with their families, to ensure the safe return of such juveniles to their homes and to strengthen the families; and
(iii) parents with limited English-speaking ability, particularly in areas where there is a large population of families with limited-English speaking ability;
(C) comprehensive juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs that meet the needs of youth through the collaboration of the many local systems before which a youth may appear, including schools, courts, law enforcement agencies, child protection agencies, mental health agencies, welfare services, health care agencies, and private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies offering youth services;
(D) programs that provide treatment to juvenile offenders who are victims of child abuse or neglect, and to their families, in order to reduce the likelihood that such juvenile offenders will commit subsequent violations of law;
(E) educational programs or supportive services for delinquent or other juveniles
(i) to encourage juveniles to remain in elementary and secondary schools or in alternative learning situations;
(ii) to provide services to assist juveniles in making the transition to the world of work and self-sufficiency; and
(iii) enhance[3] coordination with the local schools that such juveniles would otherwise attend, to ensure that
(I) the instruction that juveniles receive outside school is closely aligned with the instruction provided in school; and
(II) information regarding any learning problems identified in such alternative learning situations are communicated to the schools;
(F) expanding the use of probation officers
(i) particularly for the purpose of permitting nonviolent juvenile offenders (including status offenders) to remain at home with their families as an alternative to incarceration or institutionalization; and
(ii) to ensure that juveniles follow the terms of their probation;
(G) counseling, training, and mentoring programs, which may be in support of academic tutoring, vocational and technical training, and drug and violence prevention counseling, that are designed to link at-risk juveniles, juvenile offenders, or juveniles who have a parent or legal guardian who is or was incarcerated in a Federal, State, or local correctional facility or who is otherwise under the jurisdiction of a Federal, State, or local criminal justice system, particularly juveniles residing in low-income and high-crime areas and juveniles experiencing educational failure, with responsible individuals (such as law enforcement officials, Department of Defense personnel, individuals working with local businesses, and individuals working with community-based and faith-based organizations and agencies) who are properly screened and trained;
(H) programs designed to develop and implement projects relating to juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities, including on-the-job training programs to assist community services, law enforcement, and juvenile justice personnel to more effectively recognize and provide for learning disabled and other juveniles with disabilities;
(I) projects designed both to deter involvement in illegal activities and to promote involvement in lawful activities on the part of gangs whose membership is substantially composed of youth;
(J) programs and projects designed to provide for the treatment of youths dependence on or abuse of alcohol or other addictive or nonaddictive drugs;
(K) programs for positive youth development that assist delinquent and other at-risk youth in obtaining
(i) a sense of safety and structure;
(ii) a sense of belonging and membership;
(iii) a sense of self-worth and social contribution;
(iv) a sense of independence and control over ones life; and
(v) a sense of closeness in interpersonal relationships;
(L) programs that, in recognition of varying degrees of the seriousness of delinquent behavior and the corresponding gradations in the responses of the juvenile justice system in response to that behavior, are designed to
(i) encourage courts to develop and implement a continuum of post-adjudication restraints that bridge the gap between traditional probation and confinement in a correctional setting (including expanded use of probation, mediation, restitution, community service, treatment, home detention, intensive supervision, electronic monitoring, and similar programs, and secure community-based treatment facilities linked to other support services such as health, mental health, education (remedial and special), job training, and recreation); and
(ii) assist in the provision by the provision[4] by the Administrator of information and technical assistance, including technology transfer, to States in the design and utilization of risk assessment mechanisms to aid juvenile justice personnel in determining appropriate sanctions for delinquent behavior;
(M) community-based programs and services to work with juveniles, their parents, and other family members during and after incarceration in order to strengthen families so that such juveniles may be retained in their homes;
(N) programs (including referral to literacy programs and social service programs) to assist families with limited English-speaking ability that include delinquent juveniles to overcome language and other barriers that may prevent the complete treatment of such juveniles and the preservation of their families;
(O) programs designed to prevent and to reduce hate crimes committed by juveniles;
(P) after-school programs that provide at-risk juveniles and juveniles in the juvenile justice system with a range of age-appropriate activities, including tutoring, mentoring, and other educational and enrichment activities;
(Q) community-based programs that provide follow-up post-placement services to adjudicated juveniles, to promote successful reintegration into the community;
(R) projects designed to develop and implement programs to protect the rights of juveniles affected by the juvenile justice system; and
(S) programs designed to provide mental health services for incarcerated juveniles suspected to be in need of such services, including assessment, development of individualized treatment plans, and discharge plans.
(10) provide for the development of an adequate research, training, and evaluation capacity within the State;
(11) shall, in accordance with rules issued by the Administrator, provide that
(A) juveniles who are charged with or who have committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult, excluding
(i) juveniles who are charged with or who have committed a violation of section 922 (x)(2) of title 18 or of a similar State law;
(ii) juveniles who are charged with or who have committed a violation of a valid court order; and
(iii) juveniles who are held in accordance with the Interstate Compact on Juveniles as enacted by the State;

shall not be placed in secure detention facilities or secure correctional facilities; and

(B) juveniles
(i) who are not charged with any offense; and
(ii) who are
(I) aliens; or
(II) alleged to be dependent, neglected, or abused; shall not be placed in secure detention facilities or secure correctional facilities;
(12) provide that
(A) juveniles alleged to be or found to be delinquent or juveniles within the purview of paragraph (11) will not be detained or confined in any institution in which they have contact with adult inmates; and
(B) there is in effect in the State a policy that requires individuals who work with both such juveniles and such adult inmates, including in collocated facilities, have been trained and certified to work with juveniles;
(13) provide that no juvenile will be detained or confined in any jail or lockup for adults except
(A) juveniles who are accused of nonstatus offenses and who are detained in such jail or lockup for a period not to exceed 6 hours
(i) for processing or release;
(ii) while awaiting transfer to a juvenile facility; or
(iii) in which period such juveniles make a court appearance;

and only if such juveniles do not have contact with adult inmates and only if there is in effect in the State a policy that requires individuals who work with both such juveniles and adult inmates in collocated facilities have been trained and certified to work with juveniles;

(B) juveniles who are accused of nonstatus offenses, who are awaiting an initial court appearance that will occur within 48 hours after being taken into custody (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays), and who are detained in a jail or lockup
(i) in which
(I) such juveniles do not have contact with adult inmates; and
(II) there is in effect in the State a policy that requires individuals who work with both such juveniles and adults inmates in collocated facilities have been trained and certified to work with juveniles; and
(ii) that
(I) is located outside a metropolitan statistical area (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget) and has no existing acceptable alternative placement available;
(II) is located where conditions of distance to be traveled or the lack of highway, road, or transportation do not allow for court appearances within 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) so that a brief (not to exceed an additional 48 hours) delay is excusable; or
(III) is located where conditions of safety exist (such as severe adverse, life-threatening weather conditions that do not allow for reasonably safe travel), in which case the time for an appearance may be delayed until 24 hours after the time that such conditions allow for reasonable safe travel;
(14) provide for an adequate system of monitoring jails, detention facilities, correctional facilities, and non-secure facilities to insure that the requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) are met, and for annual reporting of the results of such monitoring to the Administrator, except that such reporting requirements shall not apply in the case of a State which is in compliance with the other requirements of this paragraph, which is in compliance with the requirements in paragraphs (11) and (12), and which has enacted legislation which conforms to such requirements and which contains, in the opinion of the Administrator, sufficient enforcement mechanisms to ensure that such legislation will be administered effectively;
(15) provide assurance that youth in the juvenile justice system are treated equitably on the basis of gender, race, family income, and disability;
(16) provide assurance that consideration will be given to and that assistance will be available for approaches designed to strengthen the families of delinquent and other youth to prevent juvenile delinquency (which approaches should include the involvement of grandparents or other extended family members when possible and appropriate and the provision of family counseling during the incarceration of juvenile family members and coordination of family services when appropriate and feasible);
(17) provide for procedures to be established for protecting the rights of recipients of services and for assuring appropriate privacy with regard to records relating to such services provided to any individual under the State plan;
(18) provide assurances that
(A) any assistance provided under this chapter will not cause the displacement (including a partial displacement, such as a reduction in the hours of nonovertime work, wages, or employment benefits) of any currently employed employee;
(B) activities assisted under this chapter will not impair an existing collective bargaining relationship, contract for services, or collective bargaining agreement; and
(C) no such activity that would be inconsistent with the terms of a collective bargaining agreement shall be undertaken without the written concurrence of the labor organization involved;
(19) provide for such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures necessary to assure prudent use, proper disbursement, and accurate accounting of funds received under this subchapter;
(20) provide reasonable assurance that Federal funds made available under this part for any period will be so used as to supplement and increase (but not supplant) the level of the State, local, and other non-Federal funds that would in the absence of such Federal funds be made available for the programs described in this part, and will in no event replace such State, local, and other non-Federal funds;
(21) provide that the State agency designated under paragraph (1) will
(A) to the extent practicable give priority in funding to programs and activities that are based on rigorous, systematic, and objective research that is scientifically based;
(B) from time to time, but not less than annually, review its plan and submit to the Administrator an analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities carried out under the plan, and any modifications in the plan, including the survey of State and local needs, that it considers necessary; and
(C) not expend funds to carry out a program if the recipient of funds who carried out such program during the preceding 2-year period fails to demonstrate, before the expiration of such 2-year period, that such program achieved substantial success in achieving the goals specified in the application submitted by such recipient to the State agency;
(22) address juvenile delinquency prevention efforts and system improvement efforts designed to reduce, without establishing or requiring numerical standards or quotas, the disproportionate number of juvenile members of minority groups, who come into contact with the juvenile justice system;
(23) provide that if a juvenile is taken into custody for violating a valid court order issued for committing a status offense
(A) an appropriate public agency shall be promptly notified that such juvenile is held in custody for violating such order;
(B) not later than 24 hours during which such juvenile is so held, an authorized representative of such agency shall interview, in person, such juvenile; and
(C) not later than 48 hours during which such juvenile is so held
(i) such representative shall submit an assessment to the court that issued such order, regarding the immediate needs of such juvenile; and
(ii) such court shall conduct a hearing to determine
(I) whether there is reasonable cause to believe that such juvenile violated such order; and
(II) the appropriate placement of such juvenile pending disposition of the violation alleged;
(24) provide an assurance that if the State receives under section 5632 of this title for any fiscal year an amount that exceeds 105 percent of the amount the State received under such section for fiscal year 2000, all of such excess shall be expended through or for programs that are part of a comprehensive and coordinated community system of services;
(25) specify a percentage (if any), not to exceed 5 percent, of funds received by the State under section 5632 of this title (other than funds made available to the State advisory group under section 5632 (d) of this title) that the State will reserve for expenditure by the State to provide incentive grants to units of general local government that reduce the caseload of probation officers within such units;
(26) provide that the State, to the maximum extent practicable, will implement a system to ensure that if a juvenile is before a court in the juvenile justice system, public child welfare records (including child protective services records) relating to such juvenile that are on file in the geographical area under the jurisdiction of such court will be made known to such court;
(27) establish policies and systems to incorporate relevant child protective services records into juvenile justice records for purposes of establishing and implementing treatment plans for juvenile offenders; and
(28) provide assurances that juvenile offenders whose placement is funded through section 672 of this title receive the protections specified in section 671 of this title, including a case plan and case plan review as defined in section 675 of this title.
(b) Approval by State agency 
The State agency designated under subsection (a)(1) of this section, after receiving and considering the advice and recommendations of the advisory group referred to in subsection (a) of this section, shall approve the State plan and any modification thereof prior to submission to the Administrator.
(c) Compliance with statutory requirements 
If a State fails to comply with any of the applicable requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a) of this section in any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2001, then
(1) subject to paragraph (2), the amount allocated to such State under section 5632 of this title for the subsequent fiscal year shall be reduced by not less than 20 percent for each such paragraph with respect to which the failure occurs, and
(2) the State shall be ineligible to receive any allocation under such section for such fiscal year unless
(A) the State agrees to expend 50 percent of the amount allocated to the State for such fiscal year to achieve compliance with any such paragraph with respect to which the State is in noncompliance; or
(B) the Administrator determines that the State
(i) has achieved substantial compliance with such applicable requirements with respect to which the State was not in compliance; and
(ii) has made, through appropriate executive or legislative action, an unequivocal commitment to achieving full compliance with such applicable requirements within a reasonable time.
(d) Nonsubmission or nonqualification of plan; expenditure of allotted funds; availability of reallocated funds 
In the event that any State chooses not to submit a plan, fails to submit a plan, or submits a plan or any modification thereof, which the Administrator, after reasonable notice and opportunity for hearing, in accordance with sections 3783, 3784, and 37855 of this title, determines does not meet the requirements of this section, the Administrator shall endeavor to make that States allocation under the provisions of section 5632 (a) of this title, excluding funds the Administrator shall make available to satisfy the requirement specified in section 5632 (d) of this title, available to local public and private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies within such State for use in carrying out activities of the kinds described in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a) of this section. The Administrator shall make funds which remain available after disbursements are made by the Administrator under the preceding sentence, and any other unobligated funds, available on an equitable basis and to those States that have achieved full compliance with the requirements under paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a) of this section.
(e) Administrative and supervisory board membership requirements 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator shall establish appropriate administrative and supervisory board membership requirements for a State agency designated under subsection (a)(1) of this section and permit the State advisory group appointed under subsection (a)(3) of this section to operate as the supervisory board for such agency, at the discretion of the chief executive officer of the State.
(f) Technical assistance 

(1) In general 
The Administrator shall provide technical and financial assistance to an eligible organization composed of member representatives of the State advisory groups appointed under subsection (a)(3) of this section to assist such organization to carry out the functions specified in paragraph (2).
(2) Assistance 
To be eligible to receive such assistance, such organization shall agree to carry out activities that include
(A) conducting an annual conference of such member representatives for purposes relating to the activities of such State advisory groups;
(B) disseminating information, data, standards, advanced techniques, and program models;
(C) reviewing Federal policies regarding juvenile justice and delinquency prevention;
(D) advising the Administrator with respect to particular functions or aspects of the work of the Office; and
(E) advising the President and Congress with regard to State perspectives on the operation of the Office and Federal legislation pertaining to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.
[1] So in original. Probably should be followed by “and”.
[2] So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.
[3] So in original. Probably should be “to enhance”.
[4] So in original. The words “by the provision” probably should not appear.
[5] See References in Text note below.

5634 to 5639. Repealed. Pub. L. 100690, title VII, 7263(a)(1)(B), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4443

Section 5634, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 224, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1122; Pub. L. 95–115, § 4(d), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1054; Pub. L. 96–509, §§ 12, 19 (h), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2759, 2765; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 627, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2114, related to funding of special emphasis prevention and treatment programs through grants and contracts. Section 5635, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 225, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1123; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, § 130(c), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2425; Pub. L. 95–115, § 4(e), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 628, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2116, related to applications for grants and contracts under section 5634 of this title. Section 5636, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 226, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1124, provided for proceedings by Administrator in the case of noncompliance of program or activity with this subchapter. Section 5637, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 227, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1124; Pub. L. 95–115, § 4(f), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 96–509, § 13(a), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 629, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2117, related to use of funds paid pursuant to this subchapter. Section 5638, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 228, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1124; Pub. L. 95–115, § 4(g)(1), (2), (3)(A), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1055, 1056; Pub. L. 96–509, §§ 14, 19 (i), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2760, 2765; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 630, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2117, related to continuing financial assistance for programs. Section 5639, Pub. L. 93–415, title II, § 229, as added Pub. L. 95–115, § 4(h), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1056, provided for confidentiality of program records.

Part C - Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Block Grant Program

42 USC 5651 - Authority to make grants

(a) Grants to eligible States 
The Administrator may make grants to eligible States, from funds allocated under section 5652 of this title, for the purpose of providing financial assistance to eligible entities to carry out projects designed to prevent juvenile delinquency, including
(1) projects that provide treatment (including treatment for mental health problems) to juvenile offenders, and juveniles who are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders, who are victims of child abuse or neglect or who have experienced violence in their homes, at school, or in the community, and to their families, in order to reduce the likelihood that such juveniles will commit violations of law;
(2) educational projects or supportive services for delinquent or other juveniles
(A) to encourage juveniles to remain in elementary and secondary schools or in alternative learning situations in educational settings;
(B) to provide services to assist juveniles in making the transition to the world of work and self-sufficiency;
(C) to assist in identifying learning difficulties (including learning disabilities);
(D) to prevent unwarranted and arbitrary suspensions and expulsions;
(E) to encourage new approaches and techniques with respect to the prevention of school violence and vandalism;
(F) which assist law enforcement personnel and juvenile justice personnel to more effectively recognize and provide for learning-disabled and other juveniles with disabilities;
(G) which develop locally coordinated policies and programs among education, juvenile justice, and social service agencies; or
(H) to provide services to juveniles with serious mental and emotional disturbances (SED) in need of mental health services;
(3) projects which expand the use of probation officers
(A) particularly for the purpose of permitting nonviolent juvenile offenders (including status offenders) to remain at home with their families as an alternative to incarceration or institutionalization; and
(B) to ensure that juveniles follow the terms of their probation;
(4) counseling, training, and mentoring programs, which may be in support of academic tutoring, vocational and technical training, and drug and violence prevention counseling, that are designed to link at-risk juveniles, juvenile offenders, or juveniles who have a parent or legal guardian who is or was incarcerated in a Federal, State, or local correctional facility or who is otherwise under the jurisdiction of a Federal, State, or local criminal justice system, particularly juveniles residing in low-income and high-crime areas and juveniles experiencing educational failure, with responsible individuals (such as law enforcement officers, Department of Defense personnel, individuals working with local businesses, and individuals working with community-based and faith-based organizations and agencies) who are properly screened and trained;
(5) community-based projects and services (including literacy and social service programs) which work with juvenile offenders and juveniles who are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders, including those from families with limited English-speaking proficiency, their parents, their siblings, and other family members during and after incarceration of the juvenile offenders, in order to strengthen families, to allow juvenile offenders to be retained in their homes, and to prevent the involvement of other juvenile family members in delinquent activities;
(6) projects designed to provide for the treatment (including mental health services) of juveniles for dependence on or abuse of alcohol, drugs, or other harmful substances;
(7) projects which leverage funds to provide scholarships for postsecondary education and training for low-income juveniles who reside in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, violence, and drug-related crimes;
(8) projects which provide for an initial intake screening of each juvenile taken into custody
(A) to determine the likelihood that such juvenile will commit a subsequent offense; and
(B) to provide appropriate interventions (including mental health services) to prevent such juvenile from committing subsequent offenses;
(9) projects (including school- or community-based projects) that are designed to prevent, and reduce the rate of, the participation of juveniles in gangs that commit crimes (particularly violent crimes), that unlawfully use firearms and other weapons, or that unlawfully traffic in drugs and that involve, to the extent practicable, families and other community members (including law enforcement personnel and members of the business community) in the activities conducted under such projects;
(10) comprehensive juvenile justice and delinquency prevention projects that meet the needs of juveniles through the collaboration of the many local service systems juveniles encounter, including schools, courts, law enforcement agencies, child protection agencies, mental health agencies, welfare services, health care agencies (including collaboration on appropriate prenatal care for pregnant juvenile offenders), private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, and public recreation agencies offering services to juveniles;
(11) to develop, implement, and support, in conjunction with public and private agencies, organizations, and businesses, projects for the employment of juveniles and referral to job training programs (including referral to Federal job training programs);
(12) delinquency prevention activities which involve youth clubs, sports, recreation and parks, peer counseling and teaching, the arts, leadership development, community service, volunteer service, before- and after-school programs, violence prevention activities, mediation skills training, camping, environmental education, ethnic or cultural enrichment, tutoring, and academic enrichment;
(13) to establish policies and systems to incorporate relevant child protective services records into juvenile justice records for purposes of establishing treatment plans for juvenile offenders;
(14) programs that encourage social competencies, problem-solving skills, and communication skills, youth leadership, and civic involvement;
(15) programs that focus on the needs of young girls at-risk of delinquency or status offenses;
(16) projects which provide for
(A) an assessment by a qualified mental health professional of incarcerated juveniles who are suspected to be in need of mental health services;
(B) the development of an individualized treatment plan for those incarcerated juveniles determined to be in need of such services;
(C) the inclusion of a discharge plan for incarcerated juveniles receiving mental health services that addresses aftercare services; and
(D) all juveniles receiving psychotropic medications to be under the care of a licensed mental health professional;
(17) after-school programs that provide at-risk juveniles and juveniles in the juvenile justice system with a range of age-appropriate activities, including tutoring, mentoring, and other educational and enrichment activities;
(18) programs related to the establishment and maintenance of a school violence hotline, based on a public-private partnership, that students and parents can use to report suspicious, violent, or threatening behavior to local school and law enforcement authorities;
(19) programs (excluding programs to purchase guns from juveniles) designed to reduce the unlawful acquisition and illegal use of guns by juveniles, including partnerships between law enforcement agencies, health professionals, school officials, firearms manufacturers, consumer groups, faith-based groups and community organizations;
(20) programs designed to prevent animal cruelty by juveniles and to counsel juveniles who commit animal cruelty offenses, including partnerships among law enforcement agencies, animal control officers, social services agencies, and school officials;
(21) programs that provide suicide prevention services for incarcerated juveniles and for juveniles leaving the incarceration system;
(22) programs to establish partnerships between State educational agencies and local educational agencies for the design and implementation of character education and training programs that reflect the values of parents, teachers, and local communities, and incorporate elements of good character, including honesty, citizenship, courage, justice, respect, personal responsibility, and trustworthiness;
(23) programs that foster strong character development in at-risk juveniles and juveniles in the juvenile justice system;
(24) local programs that provide for immediate psychological evaluation and follow-up treatment (including evaluation and treatment during a mandatory holding period for not less than 24 hours) for juveniles who bring a gun on school grounds without permission from appropriate school authorities; and
(25) other activities that are likely to prevent juvenile delinquency.
(b) Grants to eligible Indian tribes 
The Administrator may make grants to eligible Indian tribes from funds allocated under section 5652 (b) of this title, to carry out projects of the kinds described in subsection (a) of this section.

42 USC 5652 - Allocation

(a) Allocation among eligible States 
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, funds appropriated to carry out this part shall be allocated among eligible States proportionately based on the population that is less than 18 years of age in the eligible States.
(b) Allocation among Indian tribes collectively 
Before allocating funds under subsection (a) of this section among eligible States, the Administrator shall allocate among eligible Indian tribes as determined under section 5656 (a) of this title, an aggregate amount equal to the amount such tribes would be allocated under subsection (a) of this section, and without regard to this subsection, if such tribes were treated collectively as an eligible State.

42 USC 5653 - Eligibility of States

(a) Application 
To be eligible to receive a grant under section 5651 of this title, a State shall submit to the Administrator an application that contains the following:
(1) An assurance that the State will use
(A) not more than 5 percent of such grant, in the aggregate, for
(i) the costs incurred by the State to carry out this part; and
(ii) to evaluate, and provide technical assistance relating to, projects and activities carried out with funds provided under this part; and
(B) the remainder of such grant to make grants under section 5654 of this title.
(2) An assurance that, and a detailed description of how, such grant will supplement, and not supplant State and local efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency.
(3) An assurance that such application was prepared after consultation with and participation by the State advisory group, community-based organizations, and organizations in the local juvenile justice system, that carry out programs, projects, or activities to prevent juvenile delinquency.
(4) An assurance that the State advisory group will be afforded the opportunity to review and comment on all grant applications submitted to the State agency.
(5) An assurance that each eligible entity described in section 5654 of this title that receives an initial grant under section 5654 of this title to carry out a project or activity shall also receive an assurance from the State that such entity will receive from the State, for the subsequent fiscal year to carry out such project or activity, a grant under such section in an amount that is proportional, based on such initial grant and on the amount of the grant received under section 5651 of this title by the State for such subsequent fiscal year, but that does not exceed the amount specified for such subsequent fiscal year in such application as approved by the State.
(6) Such other information and assurances as the Administrator may reasonably require by rule.
(b) Approval of applications 

(1) Approval required 
Subject to paragraph (2), the Administrator shall approve an application, and amendments to such application submitted in subsequent fiscal years, that satisfy the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.
(2) Limitation 
The Administrator may not approve such application (including amendments to such application) for a fiscal year unless
(A) 
(i) the State submitted a plan under section 5633 of this title for such fiscal year; and
(ii) such plan is approved by the Administrator for such fiscal year; or
(B) the Administrator waives the application of subparagraph (A) to such State for such fiscal year, after finding good cause for such a waiver.

42 USC 5654 - Grants for local projects

(a) Grants by States 
Using a grant received under section 5651 of this title, a State may make grants to eligible entities whose applications are received by the State, and reviewed by the State advisory group, to carry out projects and activities described in section 5651 of this title.
(b) Special consideration 
For purposes of making grants under subsection (a) of this section, the State shall give special consideration to eligible entities that
(1) propose to carry out such projects in geographical areas in which there is
(A) a disproportionately high level of serious crime committed by juveniles; or
(B) a recent rapid increase in the number of nonstatus offenses committed by juveniles;
(2) 
(A) agreed to carry out such projects or activities that are multidisciplinary and involve more than 2 private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, organizations, and institutions that have experience dealing with juveniles; or
(B) represent communities that have a comprehensive plan designed to identify at-risk juveniles and to prevent or reduce the rate of juvenile delinquency, and that involve other entities operated by individuals who have a demonstrated history of involvement in activities designed to prevent juvenile delinquency; and
(3) the amount of resources (in cash or in kind) such entities will provide to carry out such projects and activities.

42 USC 5655 - Eligibility of entities

(a) Eligibility 
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, to be eligible to receive a grant under section 5654 of this title, a unit of general purpose local government, acting jointly with not fewer than 2 private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, organizations, and institutions that have experience dealing with juveniles, shall submit to the State an application that contains the following:
(1) An assurance that such applicant will use such grant, and each such grant received for the subsequent fiscal year, to carry out throughout a 2-year period a project or activity described in reasonable detail, and of a kind described in one or more of paragraphs (1) through (25) of section 5651 (a) of this title as specified in, such application.
(2) A statement of the particular goals such project or activity is designed to achieve, and the methods such entity will use to achieve, and assess the achievement of, each of such goals.
(3) A statement identifying the research (if any) such entity relied on in preparing such application.
(b) Limitation 
If an eligible entity that receives a grant under section 5654 of this title to carry out a project or activity for a 2-year period, and receives technical assistance from the State or the Administrator after requesting such technical assistance (if any), fails to demonstrate, before the expiration of such 2-year period, that such project or such activity has achieved substantial success in achieving the goals specified in the application submitted by such entity to receive such grants, then such entity shall not be eligible to receive any subsequent grant under such section to continue to carry out such project or activity.

42 USC 5656 - Grants to Indian tribes

(a) Eligibility 

(1) Application 
To be eligible to receive a grant under section 5651 (b) of this title, an Indian tribe shall submit to the Administrator an application in accordance with this section, in such form and containing such information as the Administrator may require by rule.
(2) Plans 
Such application shall include a plan for conducting programs, projects, and activities described in section 5651 (a) of this title, which plan shall
(A) provide evidence that the applicant Indian tribe performs law enforcement functions (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior);
(B) identify the juvenile justice and delinquency problems and juvenile delinquency prevention needs to be addressed by activities conducted with funds provided by the grant for which such application is submitted, by the Indian tribe in the geographical area under the jurisdiction of the Indian tribe;
(C) provide for fiscal control and accounting procedures that
(i) are necessary to ensure the prudent use, proper disbursement, and accounting of grants received by applicants under this section; and
(ii) are consistent with the requirement specified in subparagraph (B); and
(D) comply with the requirements specified in section 5633 (a) of this title (excluding any requirement relating to consultation with a State advisory group) and with the requirements specified in section 5632 (c) of this title; and
(E) contain such other information, and be subject to such additional requirements, as the Administrator may reasonably require by rule to ensure the effectiveness of the projects for which grants are made under section 5651 (b) of this title.
(b) Factors for consideration 
For the purpose of selecting eligible applicants to receive grants under section 5651 (b) of this title, the Administrator shall consider
(1) the resources that are available to each applicant Indian tribe that will assist, and be coordinated with, the overall juvenile justice system of the Indian tribe; and
(2) with respect to each such applicant
(A) the juvenile population; and
(B) the population and the entities that will be served by projects proposed to be carried out with the grant for which the application is submitted.
(c) Grant process 

(1) Selection of grant recipients 

(A) Selection requirements 
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Administrator shall
(i) make grants under this section on a competitive basis; and
(ii) specify in writing to each applicant selected to receive a grant under this section, the terms and conditions on which such grant is made to such applicant.
(B) Period of grant 
A grant made under this section shall be available for expenditure during a 2year period.
(2) Exception 
If
(A) in the 2-year period for which a grant made under this section shall be expended, the recipient of such grant applies to receive a subsequent grant under this section; and
(B) the Administrator determines that such recipient performed during the year preceding the 2year period for which such recipient applies to receive such subsequent grant satisfactorily and in accordance with the terms and conditions applicable to the grant received;

then the Administrator may waive the application of the competition-based requirement specified in paragraph (1)(A)(i) and may allow the applicant to incorporate by reference in the current application the text of the plan contained in the recipients most recent application previously approved under this section.

(3) Authority to modify application process for subsequent grants 
The Administrator may modify by rule the operation of subsection (a) of this section with respect to the submission and contents of applications for subsequent grants described in paragraph (2).
(d) Reporting requirement 
Each Indian tribe that receives a grant under this section shall be subject to the fiscal accountability provisions of section 450c (f)(1) of title 25, relating to the submission of a single-agency audit report required by chapter 75 of title 31.
(e) Matching requirement 

(1) Funds appropriated for the activities of any agency of an Indian tribal government or the Bureau of Indian Affairs performing law enforcement functions on any Indian lands may be used to provide the non-Federal share of any program or project with a matching requirement funded under this section.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to funds appropriated before November 2, 2002.
(3) If the Administrator determines that an Indian tribe does not have sufficient funds available to meet the non-Federal share of the cost of any program or activity to be funded under the grant, the Administrator may increase the Federal share of the cost thereof to the extent the Administrator deems necessary.

Part D - Research; Evaluation; Technical Assistance; Training

42 USC 5661 - Research and evaluation; statistical analyses; information dissemination

(a) Research and evaluation 

(1) The Administrator may
(A) plan and identify the purposes and goals of all agreements carried out with funds provided under this subsection; and
(B) conduct research or evaluation in juvenile justice matters, for the purpose of providing research and evaluation relating to
(i) the prevention, reduction, and control of juvenile delinquency and serious crime committed by juveniles;
(ii) the link between juvenile delinquency and the incarceration of members of the families of juveniles;
(iii) successful efforts to prevent first-time minor offenders from committing subsequent involvement in serious crime;
(iv) successful efforts to prevent recidivism;
(v) the juvenile justice system;
(vi) juvenile violence;
(vii) appropriate mental health services for juveniles and youth at risk of participating in delinquent activities;
(viii) reducing the proportion of juveniles detained or confined in secure detention facilities, secure correctional facilities, jails, and lockups who are members of minority groups;
(ix) evaluating services, treatment, and aftercare placement of juveniles who were under the care of the State child protection system before their placement in the juvenile justice system;
(x) determining
(I) the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of drug use by youth in schools and communities in the States using, if appropriate, data submitted by the States pursuant to this subparagraph and subsection (b) of this section; and
(II) the frequency, degree of harm, and morbidity of violent incidents, particularly firearm-related injuries and fatalities, by youth in schools and communities in the States, including information with respect to
(aa) the relationship between victims and perpetrators;
(bb) demographic characteristics of victims and perpetrators; and
(cc) the type of weapons used in incidents, as classified in the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
(xi) other purposes consistent with the purposes of this subchapter and subchapter I of this chapter.
(2) The Administrator shall ensure that an equitable amount of funds available to carry out paragraph (1)(B) is used for research and evaluation relating to the prevention of juvenile delinquency.
(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to permit the development of a national database of personally identifiable information on individuals involved in studies, or in data-collection efforts, carried out under paragraph (1)(B)(x).
(4) Not later than 1 year after November 2, 2002, the Administrator shall conduct a study with respect to juveniles who, prior to placement in the juvenile justice system, were under the care or custody of the State child welfare system, and to juveniles who are unable to return to their family after completing their disposition in the juvenile justice system and who remain wards of the State. Such study shall include
(A) the number of juveniles in each category;
(B) the extent to which State juvenile justice systems and child welfare systems are coordinating services and treatment for such juveniles;
(C) the Federal and local sources of funds used for placements and post-placement services;
(D) barriers faced by State in providing services to these juveniles;
(E) the types of post-placement services used;
(F) the frequency of case plans and case plan reviews; and
(G) the extent to which case plans identify and address permanency and placement barriers and treatment plans.
(b) Statistical analyses 
The Administrator may
(1) plan and identify the purposes and goals of all agreements carried out with funds provided under this subsection; and
(2) undertake statistical work in juvenile justice matters, for the purpose of providing for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of statistical data and information relating to juvenile delinquency and serious crimes committed by juveniles, to the juvenile justice system, to juvenile violence, and to other purposes consistent with the purposes of this subchapter and subchapter I of this chapter.
(c) Grant authority and competitive selection process 
The Administrator may make grants and enter into contracts with public or private agencies, organizations, or individuals and shall use a competitive process, established by rule by the Administrator, to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of this section.
(d) Implementation of agreements 
A Federal agency that makes an agreement under subsections (a)(1)(B) and (b)(2) of this section with the Administrator may carry out such agreement directly or by making grants to or contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations.
(e) Information dissemination 
The Administrator may
(1) review reports and data relating to the juvenile justice system in the United States and in foreign nations (as appropriate), collect data and information from studies and research into all aspects of juvenile delinquency (including the causes, prevention, and treatment of juvenile delinquency) and serious crimes committed by juveniles;
(2) establish and operate, directly or by contract, a clearinghouse and information center for the preparation, publication, and dissemination of information relating to juvenile delinquency, including State and local prevention and treatment programs, plans, resources, and training and technical assistance programs; and
(3) make grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations, for the purpose of disseminating information to representatives and personnel of public and private agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, the courts, corrections, schools, and related services, in the establishment, implementation, and operation of projects and activities for which financial assistance is provided under this subchapter.

42 USC 5662 - Training and technical assistance

(a) Training 
The Administrator may
(1) develop and carry out projects for the purpose of training representatives and personnel of public and private agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, and related services, to carry out the purposes specified in section 5602 of this title; and
(2) make grants to and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations for the purpose of training representatives and personnel of public and private agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, and related services, to carry out the purposes specified in section 5602 of this title.
(b) Technical assistance 
The Administrator may
(1) develop and implement projects for the purpose of providing technical assistance to representatives and personnel of public and private agencies and organizations, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, and related services, in the establishment, implementation, and operation of programs, projects, and activities for which financial assistance is provided under this subchapter; and
(2) make grants to and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and organizations, for the purpose of providing technical assistance to representatives and personnel of public and private agencies, including practitioners in juvenile justice, law enforcement, courts (including model juvenile and family courts), corrections, schools, and related services, in the establishment, implementation, and operation of programs, projects, and activities for which financial assistance is provided under this subchapter.
(c) Training and technical assistance to mental health professionals and law enforcement personnel 
The Administrator shall provide training and technical assistance to mental health professionals and law enforcement personnel (including public defenders, police officers, probation officers, judges, parole officials, and correctional officers) to address or to promote the development, testing, or demonstration of promising or innovative models (including model juvenile and family courts), programs, or delivery systems that address the needs of juveniles who are alleged or adjudicated delinquent and who, as a result of such status, are placed in secure detention or confinement or in nonsecure residential placements.

Part E - Developing, Testing, and Demonstrating Promising New Initiatives and Programs

42 USC 5665 - Grants and projects

(a) Authority to make grants 
The Administrator may make grants to and contracts with States, units of general local government, Indian tribal governments, public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals, or combinations thereof, to carry out projects for the development, testing, and demonstration of promising initiatives and programs for the prevention, control, or reduction of juvenile delinquency. The Administrator shall ensure that, to the extent reasonable and practicable, such grants are made to achieve an equitable geographical distribution of such projects throughout the United States.
(b) Use of grants 
A grant made under subsection (a) of this section may be used to pay all or part of the cost of the project for which such grant is made.

42 USC 5666 - Grants for technical assistance

The Administrator may make grants to and contracts with public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals to provide technical assistance to States, units of general local government, Indian tribal governments, local private entities or agencies, or any combination thereof, to carry out the projects for which grants are made under section 5665 of this title.

42 USC 5667 - Eligibility

To be eligible to receive a grant made under this part, a public or private agency, Indian tribal government, organization, institution, individual, or combination thereof shall submit an application to the Administrator at such time, in such form, and containing such information as the Administrator may reasonably require by rule.

42 USC 5668 - Reports

Recipients of grants made under this part shall submit to the Administrator such reports as may be reasonably requested by the Administrator to describe progress achieved in carrying out the projects for which such grants are made.

Part F - General and Administrative Provisions

42 USC 5671 - Authorization of appropriations

(a) Authorization of appropriations for this subchapter (excluding parts C and E) 

(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter such sums as may be appropriate for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.
(2) Of such sums as are appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter (other than parts C and E)
(A) not more than 5 percent shall be available to carry out part A of this subchapter;
(B) not less than 80 percent shall be available to carry out part B of this subchapter; and
(C) not more than 15 percent shall be available to carry out part D of this subchapter.
(b) Authorization of appropriations for part C 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out part C of this subchapter such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.
(c) Authorization of appropriations for part E 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out part E of this subchapter, and authorized to remain available until expended, such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007.
(d) Experimentation on individuals; prohibition; “behavior control” defined 
No funds appropriated to carry out the purposes of this subchapter may be used for any bio-medical or behavior control experimentation on individuals or any research involving such experimentation. For the purpose of this subsection, the term behavior control refers to experimentation or research employing methods which involve a substantial risk of physical or psychological harm to the individual subject and which are intended to modify or alter criminal and other anti-social behavior, including aversive conditioning therapy, drug therapy or chemotherapy (except as part of routine clinical care), physical therapy of mental disorders, electroconvulsive therapy, or physical punishment. The term does not apply to a limited class of programs generally recognized as involving no such risk, including methadone maintenance and certain alcohol treatment programs, psychological counseling, parent training, behavior contracting, survival skills training, restitution, or community service, if safeguards are established for the informed consent of subjects (including parents or guardians of minors).

42 USC 5672 - Administrative authority

(a) Authority of Administrator 
The Office shall be administered by the Administrator under the general authority of the Attorney General.
(b) Certain crime control provisions applicable 
Sections 3789d (c), 3789f (a), 3789f (b), 3789f (c), 3789g (a), 3789g (b), and 3789g (d) of this title, shall apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with this chapter, except that for purposes of this chapter
(1) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs; and
(2) the term this chapter as it appears in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to this chapter.
(c) Certain other crime control provisions applicable 
Sections 3782 (a), 3782 (c), and 3787 of this title shall apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with this chapter, except that for purposes of this chapter
(1) any reference to the Attorney General, the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs, the Director of the National Institute of Justice, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, or the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance shall be deemed to be a reference to the Administrator;
(2) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the National Institute of Justice, or the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall be deemed to be a reference to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and
(3) the term this chapter as it appears in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to this chapter.
(d) Rules, regulations, and procedures 
The Administrator is authorized, after appropriate consultation with representatives of States and units of local government, to establish such rules, regulations, and procedures as are necessary for the exercise of the functions of the Office and only to the extent necessary to ensure that there is compliance with the specific requirements of this subchapter or to respond to requests for clarification and guidance relating to such compliance.
(e) Presumption of State compliance 
If a State requires by law compliance with the requirements described in paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) of section 5633 (a) of this title, then for the period such law is in effect in such State such State shall be rebuttably presumed to satisfy such requirements.

42 USC 5673 - Withholding

Whenever the Administrator, after giving reasonable notice and opportunity for hearing to a recipient of financial assistance under this subchapter, finds that
(1) the program or activity for which the grant or contract involved was made has been so changed that it no longer complies with this subchapter; or
(2) in the operation of such program or activity there is failure to comply substantially with any provision of this subchapter;

the Administrator shall initiate such proceedings as are appropriate.

42 USC 5674 - Use of funds

(a) In general 
Funds paid pursuant to this subchapter to any public or private agency, organization, or institution, or to any individual (either directly or through a State planning agency) may be used for
(1) planning, developing, or operating the program designed to carry out this subchapter; and
(2) not more than 50 per centum of the cost of the construction of any innovative community-based facility for fewer than 20 persons which, in the judgment of the Administrator, is necessary to carry out this subchapter.
(b) Prohibition against use of funds in construction 
Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, no funds paid to any public or private agency, or institution or to any individual under this subchapter (either directly or through a State agency or local agency) may be used for construction.
(c) Funds paid to residential programs 
No funds may be paid under this subchapter to a residential program (excluding a program in a private residence) unless
(1) there is in effect in the State in which such placement or care is provided, a requirement that the provider of such placement or such care may be licensed only after satisfying, at a minimum, explicit standards of discipline that prohibit neglect, and physical and mental abuse, as defined by State law;
(2) such provider is licensed as described in paragraph (1) by the State in which such placement or care is provided; and
(3) in a case involving a provider located in a State that is different from the State where the order for placement originates, the chief administrative officer of the public agency or the officer of the court placing the juvenile certifies that such provider
(A) satisfies the originating States explicit licensing standards of discipline that prohibit neglect, physical and mental abuse, and standards for education and health care as defined by that States law; and
(B) otherwise complies with the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children as entered into by such other State.

42 USC 5675 - Payments

(a) In general 
Payments under this subchapter, pursuant to a grant or contract, may be made (after necessary adjustment, in the case of grants, on account of previously made overpayments or underpayments) in advance or by way of reimbursement, in such installments and on such conditions as the Administrator may determine.
(b) Percentage of approved costs 
Except as provided in the second sentence of section 5632 (c) of this title, financial assistance extended under this subchapter shall be 100 per centum of the approved costs of the program or activity involved.
(c) Increase of grants to Indian tribes; waiver of ­liability 

(1) In the case of a grant under this subchapter to an Indian tribe, if the Administrator determines that the tribe does not have sufficient funds available to meet the local share of the cost of any program or activity to be funded under the grant, the Administrator may increase the Federal share of the cost thereof to the extent the Administrator deems necessary.
(2) If a State does not have an adequate forum to enforce grant provisions imposing any liability on Indian tribes, the Administrator may waive State liability attributable to the liability of such tribes and may pursue such legal remedies as are necessary.

42 USC 5676 - Confidentiality of program records

Except as authorized by law, program records containing the identity of individual juveniles gathered for purposes pursuant to this subchapter may not be disclosed without the consent of the service recipient or legally authorized representative, or as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter. Under no circumstances may program reports or findings available for public dissemination contain the actual names of individual service recipients.

42 USC 5677 - Limitations on use of funds

None of the funds made available to carry out this subchapter may be used to advocate for, or support, the unsecured release of juveniles who are charged with a violent crime.

42 USC 5678 - Rules of construction

Nothing in this subchapter or subchapter I of this chapter shall be construed
(1) to prevent financial assistance from being awarded through grants under this subchapter to any otherwise eligible organization; or
(2) to modify or affect any Federal or State law relating to collective bargaining rights of employees.

42 USC 5679 - Leasing surplus Federal property

The Administrator may receive surplus Federal property (including facilities) and may lease such property to States and units of general local government for use in or as facilities for juvenile offenders, or for use in or as facilities for delinquency prevention and treatment activities.

42 USC 5680 - Issuance of rules

The Administrator shall issue rules to carry out this subchapter, including rules that establish procedures and methods for making grants and contracts, and distributing funds available, to carry out this subchapter.

42 USC 5681 - Content of materials

Materials produced, procured, or distributed both using funds appropriated to carry out this chapter and for the purpose of preventing hate crimes that result in acts of physical violence, shall not recommend or require any action that abridges or infringes upon the constitutionally protected rights of free speech, religion, or equal protection of juveniles or of their parents or legal guardians.

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER III - RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH

Part A - Basic Center Grant Program

42 USC 5711 - Authority to make grants

(a) Grants for centers and services 

(1) In general 
The Secretary shall make grants to public and nonprofit">nonprofit private entities (and combinations of such entities) to establish and operate (including renovation) local centers to provide services for runaway and homeless youth and for the families of such youth.
(2) Services provided 
Services provided under paragraph (1)
(A) shall be provided as an alternative to involving runaway and homeless youth in the law enforcement, child welfare, mental health, and juvenile justice systems;
(B) shall include
(i) safe and appropriate shelter; and
(ii) individual, family, and group counseling, as appropriate; and
(C) may include
(i) street-based services;
(ii) home-based services for families with youth at risk of separation from the family;
(iii) drug abuse education and prevention services; and
(iv) at the request of runaway and homeless youth, testing for sexually transmitted diseases.
(b) Allotment of funds for grants; priority given to certain private entities 

(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and in accordance with regulations promulgated under this subchapter, funds for grants under subsection (a) of this section shall be allotted annually with respect to the States on the basis of their relative population of individuals who are less than 18 years of age.
(2) The amount allotted under paragraph (1) with respect to each State for a fiscal year shall be not less than $100,000, except that the amount allotted to the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be not less than $45,000 each.
(3) In selecting among applicants for grants under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall give priority to private entities that have experience in providing the services described in such subsection.

42 USC 5712 - Eligibility; plan requirements

(a) Runaway and homeless youth center; project providing temporary shelter; counseling services 
To be eligible for assistance under section 5711 (a) of this title, an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund an existing or proposed runaway and homeless youth center, a locally controlled project (including a host family home) that provides temporary shelter, and counseling services to youth who have left home without permission of their parents or guardians or to other homeless youth.
(b) Provisions of plan 
In order to qualify for assistance under section 5711 (a) of this title, an applicant shall submit a plan to the Secretary including assurances that the applicant
(1) shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center located in an area which is demonstrably frequented by or easily reachable by runaway and homeless youth;
(2) shall use such assistance to establish, to strengthen, or to fund a runaway and homeless youth center, or a locally controlled facility providing temporary shelter, that has
(A) a maximum capacity of not more than 20 youth, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities; and
(B) a ratio of staff to youth that is sufficient to ensure adequate supervision and treatment;
(3) shall develop adequate plans for contacting the parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring the safe return of the youth according to the best interests of the youth, for contacting local government officials pursuant to informal arrangements established with such officials by the runaway and homeless youth center and for providing for other appropriate alternative living arrangements;
(4) shall develop an adequate plan for ensuring
(A) proper relations with law enforcement personnel, health and mental health care personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel;
(B) coordination with McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432 (g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act [42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq.]; and
(C) the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;
(5) shall develop an adequate plan for providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring, as possible, that aftercare services will be provided to those youth who are returned beyond the State in which the runaway and homeless youth center is located;
(6) shall develop an adequate plan for establishing or coordinating with outreach programs designed to attract persons (including, where applicable, persons who are members of a cultural minority and persons with limited ability to speak English) who are eligible to receive services for which a grant under subsection (a) of this section may be expended;
(7) shall keep adequate statistical records profiling the youth and family members whom it serves (including youth who are not referred to out-of-home shelter services), except that records maintained on individual runaway and homeless youth shall not be disclosed without the consent of the individual youth and parent or legal guardian to anyone other than another agency compiling statistical records or a government agency involved in the disposition of criminal charges against an individual runaway and homeless youth, and reports or other documents based on such statistical records shall not disclose the identity of individual runaway and homeless youth;
(8) shall submit annual reports to the Secretary detailing how the center has been able to meet the goals of its plans and reporting the statistical summaries required by paragraph (7);
(9) shall demonstrate its ability to operate under accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as required by the Secretary;
(10) shall submit a budget estimate with respect to the plan submitted by such center under this subsection;
(11) shall supply such other information as the Secretary reasonably deems necessary; and
(12) shall submit to the Secretary an annual report that includes, with respect to the year for which the report is submitted
(A) information regarding the activities carried out under this part;
(B) the achievements of the project under this part carried out by the applicant; and
(C) statistical summaries describing
(i) the number and the characteristics of the runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of family separation, who participate in the project; and
(ii) the services provided to such youth by the project.
(c) Applicants providing street-based services 
To be eligible to use assistance under section 5711 (a)(2)(C)(i) of this title to provide street-based services, the applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) of this section assurances that in providing such services the applicant will
(1) provide qualified supervision of staff, including on-street supervision by appropriately trained staff;
(2) provide backup personnel for on-street staff;
(3) provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide such services; and
(4) conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth, and street youth.
(d) Applicants providing home-based services 
To be eligible to use assistance under section 5711 (a) of this title to provide home-based services described in section 5711 (a)(2)(C)(ii) of this title, an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) of this section assurances that in providing such services the applicant will
(1) provide counseling and information to youth and the families (including unrelated individuals in the family households) of such youth, including services relating to basic life skills, interpersonal skill building, educational advancement, job attainment skills, mental and physical health care, parenting skills, financial planning, and referral to sources of other needed services;
(2) provide directly, or through an arrangement made by the applicant, 24-hour service to respond to family crises (including immediate access to temporary shelter for runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family);
(3) establish, in partnership with the families of runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family, objectives and measures of success to be achieved as a result of receiving home-based services;
(4) provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide home-based services; and
(5) ensure that
(A) caseloads will remain sufficiently low to allow for intensive (5 to 20 hours per week) involvement with each family receiving such services; and
(B) staff providing such services will receive qualified supervision.
(e) Applicants providing drug abuse education and prevention services 
To be eligible to use assistance under section 5711 (a)(2)(C)(iii) of this title to provide drug abuse education and prevention services, an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) of this section
(1) a description of
(A) the types of such services that the applicant proposes to provide;
(B) the objectives of such services; and
(C) the types of information and training to be provided to individuals providing such services to runaway and homeless youth; and
(2) an assurance that in providing such services the applicant shall conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth.

5712a to 5712c. Repealed. Pub. L. 102586, 3(g)(2)(A)(C), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5025

Section 5712a, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 313, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7275(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4457, related to grants for a national communication system to assist runaway and homeless youth. See section 5714–11 of this title. Section 5712b, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 314, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7276, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4457, related to grants for technical assistance and training to public and private entities for establishment and operation of runaway and homeless youth centers. Section 5712c, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 315, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7277, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4457, related to authority of the Secretary to make grants for research, demonstration, and service projects.

42 USC 5712d - Repealed. Pub. L. 109162, title XI, 1172(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3123

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 316, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40155, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1922, related to grants for prevention of sexual abuse and exploitation. A prior section 316 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 313 of Pub. L. 93–415 and is classified to section 5713 of this title. Another prior section 316 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 372 of Pub. L. 93–415 and is classified to section 5714b of this title. Another prior section 316 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 382 of Pub. L. 93–415 and is classified to section 5716 of this title.

42 USC 5713 - Approval of applications

(a) In general 
An application by a public or private entity for a grant under section 5711 (a) of this title may be approved by the Secretary after taking into consideration, with respect to the State in which such entity proposes to provide services under this part
(1) the geographical distribution in such State of the proposed services under this part for which all grant applicants request approval; and
(2) which areas of such State have the greatest need for such services.
(b) Priority 
In selecting applications for grants under section 5711 (a) of this title, the Secretary shall give priority to
(1) eligible applicants who have demonstrated experience in providing services to runaway and homeless youth; and
(2) eligible applicants that request grants of less than $200,000.

42 USC 5714 - Grants to private entities; staffing

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to deny grants to private entities which are fully controlled by private boards or persons but which in other respects meet the requirements of this subchapter and agree to be legally responsible for the operation of the runaway and homeless youth center and the programs, projects, and activities they carry out under this subchapter. Nothing in this subchapter shall give the Federal Government control over the staffing and personnel decisions of facilities receiving Federal funds under this subchapter.

Part B - Transitional Living Grant Program

42 USC 57141 - Authority for program

The Secretary is authorized to make grants and to provide technical assistance to public and nonprofit">nonprofit private entities to establish and operate transitional living youth projects for homeless youth.

42 USC 57142 - Eligibility

(a) In general 
To be eligible for assistance under this part, an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund a transitional living youth project for homeless youth and shall submit to the Secretary a plan in which such applicant agrees, as part of such project
(1) to provide, directly or indirectly, shelter (such as group homes, including maternity group homes, host family homes, and supervised apartments) and services (including information and counseling services in basic life skills which shall include money management, budgeting, consumer education, and use of credit, parenting skills (as appropriate), interpersonal skill building, educational advancement, job attainment skills, and mental and physical health care) to homeless youth;
(2) to provide such shelter and such services to individual homeless youth throughout a continuous period not to exceed 540 days, except that a youth in a program under this part who is under the age of 18 years on the last day of the 540-day period may, if otherwise qualified for the program, remain in the program until the earlier of the youths 18th birthday or the 180th day after the end of the 540-day period;
(3) to provide, directly or indirectly, on-site supervision at each shelter facility that is not a family home;
(4) that such shelter facility used to carry out such project shall have the capacity to accommodate not more than 20 individuals (excluding staff);
(5) to provide a number of staff sufficient to ensure that all homeless youth participating in such project receive adequate supervision and services;
(6) to provide a written transitional living plan to each youth based on an assessment of such youths needs, designed to help the transition from supervised participation in such project to independent living or another appropriate living arrangement;
(7) to develop an adequate plan to ensure proper referral of homeless youth to social service, law enforcement, educational (including post-secondary education), vocational, training (including services and programs for youth available under the Workforce Investment Act of 1998), welfare (including programs under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996), legal service, and health care programs and to help integrate and coordinate such services for youths;
(8) to provide for the establishment of outreach programs designed to attract individuals who are eligible to participate in the project;
(9) to submit to the Secretary an annual report that includes information regarding the activities carried out with funds under this part, the achievements of the project under this part carried out by the applicant and statistical summaries describing the number and the characteristics of the homeless youth who participate in such project, and the services provided to such youth by such project, in the year for which the report is submitted;
(10) to implement such accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as the Secretary may require;
(11) to submit to the Secretary an annual budget that estimates the itemized costs to be incurred in the year for which the applicant requests a grant under this part;
(12) to keep adequate statistical records profiling homeless youth which it serves and not to disclose the identity of individual homeless youth in reports or other documents based on such statistical records;
(13) not to disclose records maintained on individual homeless youth without the informed consent of the individual youth to anyone other than an agency compiling statistical records;
(14) to provide to the Secretary such other information as the Secretary may reasonably require; and
(15) to coordinate services with McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432 (g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act [42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq.].
(b) Priority 
In selecting eligible applicants to receive grants under this part, the Secretary shall give priority to entities that have experience in providing to homeless youth shelter and services of the types described in subsection (a)(1) of this section.
(c) Definition 
In this part, the term maternity group home means a community-based, adult-supervised transitional living arrangement that provides pregnant or parenting youth and their children with a supportive and supervised living arrangement in which such pregnant or parenting youth are required to learn parenting skills, including child development, family budgeting, health and nutrition, and other skills to promote their long-term economic independence in order to ensure the well-being of their children.

Part C - National Communications System

42 USC 571411 - Authority to make grants

The Secretary shall make grants for a national communication system to assist runaway and homeless youth in communicating with their families and with service providers. The Secretary shall give priority to grant applicants that have experience in providing telephone services to runaway and homeless youth.

Part D - Coordinating, Training, Research, and Other Activities

42 USC 571421 - Coordination

With respect to matters relating to the health, education, employment, and housing of runaway and homeless youth, the Secretary
(1) in conjunction with the Attorney General, shall coordinate the activities of agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services with activities under any other Federal juvenile crime control, prevention, and juvenile offender accountability program and with the activities of other Federal entities;
(2) shall coordinate the activities of agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services with the activities of other Federal entities and with the activities of entities that are eligible to receive grants under this subchapter; and
(3) shall consult, as appropriate, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to ensure coordination of programs and services for homeless youth.

42 USC 571422 - Grants for technical assistance and training

The Secretary may make grants to statewide and regional nonprofit">nonprofit organizations (and combinations of such organizations) to provide technical assistance and training to public and private entities (and combinations of such entities) that are eligible to receive grants under this subchapter, for the purpose of carrying out the programs, projects, or activities for which such grants are made.

42 USC 571423 - Authority to make grants for research, evaluation, demonstration, and service projects

(a) Authorization; purposes 
The Secretary may make grants to States, localities, and private entities (and combinations of such entities) to carry out research, evaluation, demonstration, and service projects regarding activities under this subchapter designed to increase knowledge concerning, and to improve services for, runaway youth and homeless youth.
(b) Selection factors; special consideration 
In selecting among applications for grants under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to proposed projects relating to
(1) youth who repeatedly leave and remain away from their homes;
(2) transportation of runaway youth and homeless youth in connection with services authorized to be provided under this subchapter;
(3) the special needs of runaway youth and homeless youth programs in rural areas;
(4) the special needs of programs that place runaway youth and homeless youth in host family homes;
(5) staff training in
(A) the behavioral and emotional effects of sexual abuse and assault;
(B) responding to youth who are showing effects of sexual abuse and assault; and
(C) agency-wide strategies for working with runaway and homeless youth who have been sexually victimized;
(6) innovative methods of developing resources that enhance the establishment or operation of runaway and homeless youth centers;
(7) training for runaway youth and homeless youth, and staff training, related to preventing and obtaining treatment for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
(8) increasing access to health care (including mental health care) for runaway youth and homeless youth; and
(9) increasing access to education for runaway youth and homeless youth.
(c) Priority 
In selecting among applicants for grants under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants who have experience working with runaway youth or homeless youth.

42 USC 571424 - Demonstration projects to provide services to youth in rural areas

(a) 
(1) The Secretary may make grants on a competitive basis to States, localities, and private entities (and combinations of such entities) to provide services (including transportation) authorized to be provided under part A of this subchapter, to runaway and homeless youth in rural areas.
(2) 
(A) Each grant made under paragraph (1) may not exceed $100,000.
(B) In each fiscal year for which funds are appropriated to carry out this section, grants shall be made under paragraph (1) to eligible applicants to carry out projects in not fewer than 10 States.
(C) Not more than 2 grants may be made under paragraph (1) in each fiscal year to carry out projects in a particular State.
(3) Each eligible applicant that receives a grant for a fiscal year to carry out a project under this section shall have priority to receive a grant for the subsequent fiscal year to carry out a project under this section.
(b) To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a) of this section, an applicant shall
(1) submit to the Secretary an application in such form and containing such information and assurances as the Secretary may require by rule; and
(2) propose to carry out such project in a geographical area that
(A) has a population under 20,000;
(B) is located outside a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area; and
(C) agree to provide to the Secretary an annual report identifying
(i) the number of runaway and homeless youth who receive services under the project carried out by the applicant;
(ii) the types of services authorized under part A of this subchapter that were needed by, but not provided to, such youth in the geographical area served by the project;
(iii) the reasons the services identified under clause (ii) were not provided by the project; and
(iv) such other information as the Secretary may require.

42 USC 571425 - Repealed. Pub. L. 10896, title I, 115, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1170

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 345, as added Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(i), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1038, related to study of runaways to determine the percent who have been sexually abused.

Part E - Sexual Abuse Prevention Program

42 USC 571441 - Authority to make grants

(a) In general 
The Secretary may make grants to nonprofit">nonprofit private agencies for the purpose of providing street-based services to runaway and homeless, and street youth, who have been subjected to, or are at risk of being subjected to, sexual abuse, prostitution, or sexual exploitation.
(b) Priority 
In selecting applicants to receive grants under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall give priority to nonprofit">nonprofit private agencies that have experience in providing services to runaway and homeless, and street youth.

Part F - General Provisions

42 USC 5714a - Assistance to potential grantees

The Secretary shall provide informational assistance to potential grantees interested in establishing runaway and homeless youth centers and transitional living youth projects.

42 USC 5714b - Lease of surplus Federal facilities for use as runaway and homeless youth centers or as transitional living youth shelter facilities

(a) Conditions of lease arrangements 
The Secretary may enter into cooperative lease arrangements with States, localities, and nonprofit">nonprofit private agencies to provide for the use of appropriate surplus Federal facilities transferred by the General Services Administration to the Department of Health and Human Services for use as runaway and homeless youth centers or as transitional living youth shelter facilities if the Secretary determines that
(1) the applicant involved has suitable financial support necessary to operate a runaway and homeless youth center or transitional living youth project, as the case may be, under this subchapter;
(2) the applicant is able to demonstrate the program expertise required to operate such center in compliance with this subchapter, whether or not the applicant is receiving a grant under this part; and
(3) the applicant has consulted with and obtained the approval of the chief executive officer of the unit of local government in which the facility is located.
(b) Period of availability; rent-free use; structural changes: Federal ownership and consent 

(1) Each facility made available under this section shall be made available for a period of not less than 2 years, and no rent or fee shall be charged to the applicant in connection with use of such facility.
(2) Any structural modifications or additions to facilities made available under this section shall become the property of the United States. All such modifications or additions may be made only after receiving the prior written consent of the Secretary or other appropriate officer of the Department of Health and Human Services.

42 USC 5715 - Reports

(a) In general 
Not later than April 1, 2000, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit, to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, a report on the status, activities, and accomplishments of entities that receive grants under parts A, B, C, D, and E of this subchapter, with particular attention to
(1) in the case of centers funded under part A of this subchapter, the ability or effectiveness of such centers in
(A) alleviating the problems of runaway and homeless youth;
(B) if applicable or appropriate, reuniting such youth with their families and encouraging the resolution of intrafamily problems through counseling and other services;
(C) strengthening family relationships and encouraging stable living conditions for such youth; and
(D) assisting such youth to decide upon a future course of action; and
(2) in the case of projects funded under part B of this subchapter
(A) the number and characteristics of homeless youth served by such projects;
(B) the types of activities carried out by such projects;
(C) the effectiveness of such projects in alleviating the problems of homeless youth;
(D) the effectiveness of such projects in preparing homeless youth for self-sufficiency;
(E) the effectiveness of such projects in assisting homeless youth to decide upon future education, employment, and independent living;
(F) the ability of such projects to encourage the resolution of intrafamily problems through counseling and development of self-sufficient living skills; and
(G) activities and programs planned by such projects for the following fiscal year.
(b) Contents of reports 
The Secretary shall include in each report submitted under subsection (a) of this section, summaries of
(1) the evaluations performed by the Secretary under section 5732 of this title; and
(2) descriptions of the qualifications of, and training provided to, individuals involved in carrying out such evaluations.

42 USC 5716 - Federal and non-Federal share; methods of payment

(a) The Federal share for the renovation of existing structures, the provision of counseling services, staff training, and the general costs of operations of such facilitys budget for any fiscal year shall be 90 per centum. The non-Federal share may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated by the Secretary, including plant, equipment, or services.
(b) Payments under this section may be made in installments, in advance, or by way of reimbursement, with necessary adjustments on account of overpayments or underpayments.

42 USC 5731 - Restrictions on disclosure and transfer

Records containing the identity of individual youths pursuant to this chapter may under no circumstances be disclosed or transferred to any individual or to any public or private agency.

42 USC 5731a - Consolidated review of applications

With respect to funds available to carry out parts A, B, C, D, and E of this subchapter, nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to prohibit the Secretary from
(1) announcing, in a single announcement, the availability of funds for grants under 2 or more of such parts; and
(2) reviewing applications for grants under 2 or more of such parts in a single, consolidated application review process.

42 USC 5732 - Evaluation and information

(a) In general 
If a grantee receives grants for 3 consecutive fiscal years under part A, B, C, D, or E of this subchapter (in the alternative), then the Secretary shall evaluate such grantee on-site, not less frequently than once in the period of such 3 consecutive fiscal years, for purposes of
(1) determining whether such grants are being used for the purposes for which such grants are made by the Secretary;
(2) collecting additional information for the report required by section 5731 of this title; and
(3) providing such information and assistance to such grantee as will enable such grantee to improve the operation of the centers, projects, and activities for which such grants are made.
(b) Cooperation 
Recipients of grants under this subchapter shall cooperate with the Secretarys efforts to carry out evaluations, and to collect information, under this subchapter.

42 USC 5732a - Definitions

In this subchapter:
(1) Drug abuse education and prevention services 
The term drug abuse education and prevention services
(A) means services to runaway and homeless youth to prevent or reduce the illicit use of drugs by such youth; and
(B) may include
(i) individual, family, group, and peer counseling;
(ii) drop-in services;
(iii) assistance to runaway and homeless youth in rural areas (including the development of community support groups);
(iv) information and training relating to the illicit use of drugs by runaway and homeless youth, to individuals involved in providing services to such youth; and
(v) activities to improve the availability of local drug abuse prevention services to runaway and homeless youth.
(2) Home-based services 
The term home-based services
(A) means services provided to youth and their families for the purpose of
(i) preventing such youth from running away, or otherwise becoming separated, from their families; and
(ii) assisting runaway youth to return to their families; and
(B) includes services that are provided in the residences of families (to the extent practicable), including
(i) intensive individual and family counseling; and
(ii) training relating to life skills and parenting.
(3) Homeless youth 
The term homeless youth means an individual
(A) who is
(i) not more than 21 years of age, or, in the case of a youth seeking shelter in a center under part A of this subchapter, not more than 18 years of age; and
(ii) for the purposes of part B of this subchapter, not less than 16 years of age;
(B) for whom it is not possible to live in a safe environment with a relative; and
(C) who has no other safe alternative living arrangement.
(4) Street-based services 
The term street-based services
(A) means services provided to runaway and homeless youth, and street youth, in areas where they congregate, designed to assist such youth in making healthy personal choices regarding where they live and how they behave; and
(B) may include
(i) identification of and outreach to runaway and homeless youth, and street youth;
(ii) crisis intervention and counseling;
(iii) information and referral for housing;
(iv) information and referral for transitional living and health care services;
(v) advocacy, education, and prevention services related to
(I) alcohol and drug abuse;
(II) sexual exploitation;
(III) sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and
(IV) physical and sexual assault.
(5) Street youth 
The term street youth means an individual who
(A) is
(i) a runaway youth; or
(ii) indefinitely or intermittently a homeless youth; and
(B) spends a significant amount of time on the street or in other areas that increase the risk to such youth for sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, prostitution, or drug abuse.
(6) Transitional living youth project 
The term transitional living youth project means a project that provides shelter and services designed to promote a transition to self-sufficient living and to prevent long-term dependency on social services.
(7) Youth at risk of separation from the family 
The term youth at risk of separation from the family means an individual
(A) who is less than 18 years of age; and
(B) 
(i) who has a history of running away from the family of such individual;
(ii) whose parent, guardian, or custodian is not willing to provide for the basic needs of such individual; or
(iii) who is at risk of entering the child welfare system or juvenile justice system as a result of the lack of services available to the family to meet such needs.

42 USC 5733 - Repealed. Pub. L. 102586, 3(g)(2)(E), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5025

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 365, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7279, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4458, related to Secretarys obligation to coordinate activities of health agencies with activities of entities eligible to receive grants.

42 USC 5741 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98473, title II, 656, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2124

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 331, as added Pub. L. 95–115, § 7(c), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1059; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, authorized President to submit to Congress after April 30, 1978, a reorganization plan for establishment of an Office of Youth Assistance, subject to Congressional resolution of disapproval. Prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–473, section 5741 of this title comprised part C of this subchapter. Section 657(e) of Pub. L. 98–473 redesignated former part D, consisting of section 5751 of this title, as part C. Previously, part C was redesignated part D by Pub. L. 95–115, § 7(c), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1059.

42 USC 5751 - Authorization of appropriations

(a) In general 

(1) Authorization 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter (other than part E of this subchapter) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2004, and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
(2) Allocation 

(A) Parts A and B of this subchapter 
From the amount appropriated under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 90 percent to carry out parts A and B of this subchapter.
(B) Part B of this subchapter 
Of the amount reserved under subparagraph (A), 45 percent and, in those fiscal years in which continuation grant obligations and the quality and number of applicants for parts A and B of this subchapter warrant not more than 55 percent, shall be reserved to carry out part B of this subchapter.
(3) Parts C and D of this subchapter 
In each fiscal year, after reserving the amounts required by paragraph (2), the Secretary shall use the remaining amount (if any) to carry out parts C and D of this subchapter.
(4) Part E of this subchapter 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out part E of this subchapter such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
(b) Separate identification required 
No funds appropriated to carry out this subchapter may be combined with funds appropriated under any other Act if the purpose of combining such funds is to make a single discretionary grant, or a single discretionary payment, unless such funds are separately identified in all grants and contracts and are used for the purposes specified in this subchapter.

42 USC 5752 - Restriction on use of funds

(a) In general 
None of the funds contained in this subchapter may be used for any program of distributing sterile needles or syringes for the hypodermic injection of any illegal drug.
(b) Separate accounting 
Any individual or entity who receives any funds contained in this subchapter and who carries out any program described in subsection (a) of this section shall account for all funds used for such program separately from any funds contained in this subchapter.

42 USC 5701 - Findings

The Congress finds that
(1) youth who have become homeless or who leave and remain away from home without parental permission, are at risk of developing, and have a disproportionate share of, serious health, behavioral, and emotional problems because they lack sufficient resources to obtain care and may live on the street for extended periods thereby endangering themselves and creating a substantial law enforcement problem for communities in which they congregate;
(2) many such young people, because of their age and situation, are urgently in need of temporary shelter and services, including services that are linguistically appropriate and acknowledge the environment of youth seeking these services;
(3) in view of the interstate nature of the problem, it is the responsibility of the Federal Government to develop an accurate national reporting system to report the problem, and to assist in the development of an effective system of care (including preventive and aftercare services, emergency shelter services, extended residential shelter, and street outreach services) outside the welfare system and the law enforcement system;
(4) to make a successful transition to adulthood, runaway youth, homeless youth, and other street youth need opportunities to complete high school or earn a general equivalency degree, learn job skills, and obtain employment; and
(5) improved coordination and collaboration between the Federal programs that serve runaway and homeless youth are necessary for the development of a long-term strategy for responding to the needs of this population.

42 USC 5702 - Promulgation of rules

The Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the Secretary) may issue such rules as the Secretary considers necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER IV - MISSING CHILDREN

42 USC 5771 - Findings

The Congress finds that
(1) each year thousands of children are abducted or removed from the control of a parent having legal custody without such parents consent, under circumstances which immediately place the child in grave danger;
(2) many missing children are at great risk of both physical harm and sexual exploitation;
(3) in many cases, parents and local law enforcement officials have neither the resources nor the expertise to mount expanded search efforts;
(4) abducted children are frequently moved from one locality to another, requiring the cooperation and coordination of local, State, and Federal law enforcement efforts;
(5) the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
(A) serves as the national resource center and clearinghouse;
(B) works in partnership with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of State, and many other agencies in the effort to find missing children and prevent child victimization; and
(C) operates a national and increasingly worldwide network, linking the Center online with each of the missing children clearinghouses operated by the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, as well as with Scotland Yard in the United Kingdom, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, INTERPOL headquarters in Lyon, France, and others, which enable the Center to transmit images and information regarding missing children to law enforcement across the United States and around the world instantly.

42 USC 5772 - Definitions

For the purpose of this subchapter
(1) the term missing child means any individual less than 18 years of age whose whereabouts are unknown to such individuals legal custodian;
(2) the term Administrator means the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and
(3) the term Center means the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

42 USC 5773 - Duties and functions of the Administrator

(a) Description of activities 
The Administrator shall
(1) issue such rules as the Administrator considers necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter;
(2) make such arrangements as may be necessary and appropriate to facilitate effective coordination among all federally funded programs relating to missing children (including the preparation of an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating such coordination);
(3) provide for the furnishing of information derived from the national toll-free telephone line, established under subsection (b)(1) of this section, to appropriate entities;
(4) provide adequate staff and agency resources which are necessary to properly carry out the responsibilities pursuant to this subchapter; and
(5) not later than 180 days after the end of each fiscal year, submit a report to the President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro tempore of the Senate
(A) containing a comprehensive plan for facilitating cooperation and coordination in the succeeding fiscal year among all agencies and organizations with responsibilities related to missing children;
(B) identifying and summarizing effective models of Federal, State, and local coordination and cooperation in locating and recovering missing children;
(C) identifying and summarizing effective program models that provide treatment, counseling, or other aid to parents of missing children or to children who have been the victims of abduction;
(D) describing how the Administrator satisfied the requirements of paragraph (4) in the preceding fiscal year;
(E) describing in detail the number and types of telephone calls received in the preceding fiscal year over the national toll-free telephone line established under subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section and the number and types of communications referred to the national communications system established under section 5714–11 of this title;
(F) describing in detail the activities in the preceding fiscal year of the national resource center and clearinghouse established under subsection (b)(2) of this section;
(G) describing all the programs for which assistance was provided under section 5775 of this title in the preceding fiscal year;
(H) summarizing the results of all research completed in the preceding year for which assistance was provided at any time under this subchapter; and
(I) 
(i) identifying each clearinghouse with respect to which assistance is provided under section 5775 (a)(9) of this title in the preceding fiscal year;
(ii) describing the activities carried out by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year;
(iii) specifying the types and amounts of assistance (other than assistance under section 5775 (a)(9) of this title) received by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year; and
(iv) specifying the number and types of missing children cases handled (and the number of such cases resolved) by such clearinghouse in such fiscal year and summarizing the circumstances of each such cases.[1]
(b) Annual grant to National Center for Missing and Exploited Children 

(1) In general 
The Administrator shall annually make a grant to the Center, which shall be used to
(A) 
(i) operate a national 24-hour toll-free telephone line by which individuals may report information regarding the location of any missing child, or other child 13 years of age or younger whose whereabouts are unknown to such childs legal custodian, and request information pertaining to procedures necessary to reunite such child with such childs legal custodian; and
(ii) coordinate the operation of such telephone line with the operation of the national communications system referred to in part C of subchapter III of this chapter;
(B) operate the official national resource center and information clearinghouse for missing and exploited children;
(C) provide to State and local governments, public and private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, and individuals, information regarding
(i) free or low-cost legal, restaurant, lodging, and transportation services that are available for the benefit of missing and exploited children and their families; and
(ii) the existence and nature of programs being carried out by Federal agencies to assist missing and exploited children and their families;
(D) coordinate public and private programs that locate, recover, or reunite missing children with their families;
(E) disseminate, on a national basis, information relating to innovative and model programs, services, and legislation that benefit missing and exploited children;
(F) provide technical assistance and training to law enforcement agencies, State and local governments, elements of the criminal justice system, public and private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, and individuals in the prevention, investigation, prosecution, and treatment of cases involving missing and exploited children;
(G) provide assistance to families and law enforcement agencies in locating and recovering missing and exploited children, both nationally and internationally; and
(H) coordinate the operation of a cyber tipline to provide online users an effective means of reporting Internet-related child sexual exploitation in the areas of
(i) distribution of child pornography;
(ii) online enticement of children for sexual acts; and
(iii) child prostitution.
(2) Authorization of appropriations 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to carry out this subsection, $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008.
(c) National incidence studies 
The Administrator, either by making grants to or entering into contracts with public agencies or nonprofit">nonprofit private agencies, shall
(1) periodically conduct national incidence studies to determine for a given year the actual number of children reported missing each year, the number of children who are victims of abduction by strangers, the number of children who are the victims of parental kidnapings, and the number of children who are recovered each year; and
(2) provide to State and local governments, public and private nonprofit">nonprofit agencies, and individuals information to facilitate the lawful use of school records and birth certificates to identify and locate missing children.
(d) Independent status of other Federal agencies 
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed to grant to the Administrator any law enforcement responsibility or supervisory authority over any other Federal agency.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “case.”

42 USC 5774 - Repealed. Pub. L. 100690, title VII, 7286, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4460

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, § 405, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2127, provided for an Advisory Board on Missing Children.

42 USC 5775 - Grants

(a) Authority of Administrator; description of research, demonstration projects, and service programs 
The Administrator is authorized to make grants to and enter into contracts with the Center and with public agencies or nonprofit">nonprofit private organizations, or combinations thereof, for research, demonstration projects, or service programs designed
(1) to educate parents, children, and community agencies and organizations in ways to prevent the abduction and sexual exploitation of children;
(2) to provide information to assist in the locating and return of missing children;
(3) to aid communities in the collection of materials which would be useful to parents in assisting others in the identification of missing children;
(4) to increase knowledge of and develop effective treatment pertaining to the psychological consequences, on both parents and children, of
(A) the abduction of a child, both during the period of disappearance and after the child is recovered; and
(B) the sexual exploitation of a missing child;
(5) to collect detailed data from selected States or localities on the actual investigative practices utilized by law enforcement agencies in missing childrens cases;
(6) to address the particular needs of missing children by minimizing the negative impact of judicial and law enforcement procedures on children who are victims of abuse or sexual exploitation and by promoting the active participation of children and their families in cases involving abuse or sexual exploitation of children;
(7) to address the needs of missing children (as defined in section 5772 (1)(A) of this title) and their families following the recovery of such children;
(8) to reduce the likelihood that individuals under 18 years of age will be removed from the control of such individuals legal custodians without such custodians consent; and
(9) to establish or operate statewide clearinghouses to assist in locating and recovering missing children.
(b) Priorities of grant applicants 
In considering grant applications under this subchapter, the Administrator shall give priority to applicants who
(1) have demonstrated or demonstrate ability in
(A) locating missing children or locating and reuniting missing children with their legal custodians;
(B) providing other services to missing children or their families; or
(C) conducting research relating to missing children; and
(2) with respect to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1), substantially utilize volunteer assistance.

The Administrator shall give first priority to applicants qualifying under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).

(c) Non-Federal fund expenditures requisite for receipt of Federal assistance 
In order to receive assistance under this subchapter for a fiscal year, applicants shall give assurance that they will expend, to the greatest extent practicable, for such fiscal year an amount of funds (without regard to any funds received under any Federal law) that is not less than the amount of funds they received in the preceding fiscal year from State, local, and private sources.

42 USC 5776 - Criteria for grants

(a) Establishment of priorities and criteria; publication in Federal Register 
In carrying out the programs authorized by this subchapter, the Administrator shall establish
(1) annual research, demonstration, and service program priorities for making grants and contracts pursuant to section 5775 of this title; and
(2) criteria based on merit for making such grants and contracts.

Not less than 60 days before establishing such priorities and criteria, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register for public comment a statement of such proposed priorities and criteria.

(b) Competitive selection process for grant or contract exceeding $50,000 
No grant or contract exceeding $50,000 shall be made under this subchapter unless the grantee or contractor has been selected by a competitive process which includes public announcement of the availability of funds for such grant or contract, general criteria for the selection of recipients or contractors, and a description of the application process and application review process.
(c) Multiple grants or contracts to same grantee or contractor 
Multiple grants or contracts to the same grantee or contractor within any 1 year to support activities having the same general purpose shall be deemed to be a single grant for the purpose of this subsection, but multiple grants or contracts to the same grantee or contractor to support clearly distinct activities shall be considered separate grants or contractors.[1]
[1] So in original. Probably should be “contracts.”

42 USC 5776a - Missing and Exploited Childrens Task Force

(a) Establishment 
There is established a Missing and Exploited Childrens Task Force (referred to as the Task Force).
(b) Membership 

(1) In general 
The Task Force shall include at least 2 members from each of
(A) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
(B) the Secret Service;
(C) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms;
(D) the United States Customs Service;
(E) the Postal Inspection Service;
(F) the United States Marshals Service; and
(G) the Drug Enforcement Administration.
(2) Chief 
A representative of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (in addition to the members of the Task Force selected under paragraph (1)(A)) shall act as chief of the Task Force.
(3) Selection 

(A) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall select the chief of the Task Force.
(B) The heads of the agencies described in paragraph (1) shall submit to the chief of the Task Force a list of at least 5 prospective Task Force members, and the chief shall select 2, or such greater number as may be agreeable to an agency head, as Task Force members.
(4) Professional qualifications 
The members of the Task Force shall be law enforcement personnel selected for their expertise that would enable them to assist in the investigation of cases of missing and exploited children.
(5) Status 
A member of the Task Force shall remain an employee of his or her respective agency for all purposes (including the purpose of performance review), and his or her service on the Task Force shall be without interruption or loss of civil service privilege or status and shall be on a nonreimbursable basis.
(6) Period of service 

(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), 1 member from each agency shall initially serve a 1-year term, and the other member from the same agency shall serve a 1-year term, and may be selected to a renewal of service for 1 additional year; thereafter, each new member to serve on the Task Force shall serve for a 2-year period with the members term of service beginning and ending in alternate years with the other member from the same agency; the period of service for the chief of the Task Force shall be 3 years.
(B) The chief of the Task Force may at any time request the head of an agency described in paragraph (1) to submit a list of 5 prospective Task Force members to replace a member of the Task Force, for the purpose of maintaining a Task Force membership that will be able to meet the demands of its caseload.
(c) Support 

(1) In general 
The Administrator of the General Services Administration, in coordination with the heads of the agencies described in subsection (b)(1) of this section, shall provide the Task Force office space and administrative and support services, such office space to be in close proximity to the office of the Center, so as to enable the Task Force to coordinate its activities with that of the Center on a day-to-day basis.
(2) Legal guidance 
The Attorney General shall assign an attorney to provide legal guidance, as needed, to members of the Task Force.
(d) Purpose 

(1) In general 
The purpose of the Task Force shall be to make available the combined resources and expertise of the agencies described in paragraph (1)[1] to assist State and local governments in the most difficult missing and exploited child cases nationwide, as identified by the chief of the Task Force from time to time, in consultation with the Center, and as many additional cases as resources permit, including the provision of assistance to State and local investigators on location in the field.
(2) Technical assistance 
The role of the Task Force in any investigation shall be to provide advice and technical assistance and to make available the resources of the agencies described in subsection (b)(1) of this section; the Task Force shall not take a leadership role in any such investigation.
(e) Cross-designation of Task Force members 
The Attorney General may cross-designate the members of the Task Force with jurisdiction to enforce Federal law related to child abduction to the extent necessary to accomplish the purposes of this section.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “subsection (b)(1) of this section”.

42 USC 5777 - Authorization of appropriations

(a) In general 
To carry out the provisions of this subchapter, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2004 through 2008.
(b) Evaluation 
The Administrator may use not more than 5 percent of the amount appropriated for a fiscal year under subsection (a) of this section to conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities established and operated under this subchapter.

42 USC 5778 - Repealed. Pub. L. 104235, title II, 231(b), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3092

Section, Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, § 409, formerly 408, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7291, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4461; renumbered 409, Pub. L. 103–322, title XVII, § 170303(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2043, related to special study and report to determine obstacles that prevent or impede individuals who have legal custody of children from recovering children from parents who have removed children from such individuals in violation of law.

42 USC 5779 - Reporting requirement

(a) In general 
Each Federal, State, and local law enforcement agency shall report each case of a missing child under the age of 21 reported to such agency to the National Crime Information Center of the Department of Justice.
(b) Guidelines 
The Attorney General may establish guidelines for the collection of such reports including procedures for carrying out the purposes of this section and section 5780 of this title.[1]
(c) Annual summary 
The Attorney General shall publish an annual statistical summary of the reports received under this section and section 5780 of this title.
[1] See References in Text note below.

42 USC 5780 - State requirements

Each State reporting under the provisions of this section and section 5779 of this title shall
(1) ensure that no law enforcement agency within the State establishes or maintains any policy that requires the observance of any waiting period before accepting a missing child or unidentified person report;
(2) ensure that no law enforcement agency within the State establishes or maintains any policy that requires the removal of a missing person entry from its State law enforcement system or the National Crime Information Center computer database based solely on the age of the person; and[1]
(3) provide that each such report and all necessary and available information, which, with respect to each missing child report, shall include
(A) the name, date of birth, sex, race, height, weight, and eye and hair color of the child;
(B) the date and location of the last known contact with the child; and
(C) the category under which the child is reported missing;

is entered within 2 hours of receipt into the State law enforcement system and the National Crime Information Center computer networks and made available to the Missing Children Information Clearinghouse within the State or other agency designated within the State to receive such reports; and

(4) provide that after receiving reports as provided in paragraph (2), the law enforcement agency that entered the report into the National Crime Information Center shall
(A) no later than 60 days after the original entry of the record into the State law enforcement system and National Crime Information Center computer networks, verify and update such record with any additional information, including, where available, medical and dental records;
(B) institute or assist with appropriate search and investigative procedures; and
(C) maintain close liaison with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children for the exchange of information and technical assistance in the missing children cases.
[1] So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER V - INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS

42 USC 5781 - Definition

In this subchapter, the term State advisory group means the advisory group appointed by the chief executive officer of a State under a plan described in section 5633 (a) of this title.

42 USC 5782 - Duties and functions of the Administrator

The Administrator shall
(1) issue such rules as are necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter;
(2) make such arrangements as are necessary and appropriate to facilitate coordination and policy development among all activities funded through the Department of Justice relating to delinquency prevention (including the preparation of an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating such coordination and policy development);
(3) provide adequate staff and resources necessary to properly carry out this subchapter; and
(4) not later than 180 days after the end of each fiscal year, submit a report to the chairman of the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate
(A) describing activities and accomplishments of grant activities funded under this subchapter;
(B) describing procedures followed to disseminate grant activity products and research findings;
(C) describing activities conducted to develop policy and to coordinate Federal agency and interagency efforts related to delinquency prevention; and
(D) identifying successful approaches and making recommendations for future activities to be conducted under this subchapter.

42 USC 5783 - Grants for delinquency prevention programs

(a) Purposes 
The Administrator may make grants to a State, to be transmitted through the State advisory group to units of local government that meet the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, for delinquency prevention programs and activities for juveniles who have had contact with the juvenile justice system or who are likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system, including the provision to juveniles and their families of
(1) alcohol and substance abuse prevention services;
(2) tutoring and remedial education, especially in reading and mathematics;
(3) child and adolescent health and mental health services;
(4) recreation services;
(5) leadership and youth development activities;
(6) the teaching that people are and should be held accountable for their actions;
(7) assistance in the development of job training skills; and
(8) other data-driven evidence based prevention programs.
(b) Eligibility 
The requirements of this subsection are met with respect to a unit of general local government if
(1) the unit is in compliance with the requirements of part B of subchapter II of this chapter;
(2) the unit has submitted to the State advisory group a minimum 3-year comprehensive plan outlining the units local front end plans for investment for delinquency prevention and early intervention activities;
(3) the unit has included in its application to the Administrator for formula grant funds a summary of the minimum 3-year comprehensive plan described in paragraph (2);
(4) pursuant to its minimum 3-year comprehensive plan, the unit has appointed a local policy board of not fewer than 15 and not more than 21 members, with balanced representation of public agencies and private nonprofit">nonprofit organizations serving juveniles, their families, and business and industry;
(5) the unit has, in order to aid in the prevention of delinquency, included in its application a plan for the coordination of services to at-risk juveniles and their families, including such programs as nutrition, energy assistance, and housing;
(6) the local policy board is empowered to make all recommendations for distribution of funds and evaluation of activities funded under this subchapter; and
(7) the unit or State has agreed to provide a 50 percent match of the amount of the grant, including the value of in-kind contributions, to fund the activity.
(c) Priority 
In considering grant applications under this section, the Administrator shall give priority to applicants that demonstrate ability in
(1) plans for service and agency coordination and collaboration including the colocation of services;
(2) innovative ways to involve the private nonprofit">nonprofit and business sector in delinquency prevention activities;
(3) developing or enhancing a statewide subsidy program to local governments that is dedicated to early intervention and delinquency prevention;
(4) coordinating and collaborating with programs established in local communities for delinquency prevention under part C of subchapter II of this chapter;[1] and
(5) developing data-driven prevention plans, employing evidence-based prevention strategies, and conducting program evaluations to determine impact and effectiveness.
[1] See References in Text note below.

42 USC 5784 - Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.

TITLE 42 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER VI - PUBLIC OUTREACH

Part A - AMBER Alert

42 USC 5791 - National coordination of AMBER Alert communications network

(a) Coordination within Department of Justice 
The Attorney General shall assign an officer of the Department of Justice to act as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network regarding abducted children. The officer so designated shall be known as the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice.
(b) Duties 
In acting as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network, the Coordinator shall
(1) seek to eliminate gaps in the network, including gaps in areas of interstate travel;
(2) work with States to encourage the development of additional elements (known as local AMBER plans) in the network;
(3) work with States to ensure appropriate regional coordination of various elements of the network; and
(4) act as the nationwide point of contact for
(A) the development of the network; and
(B) regional coordination of alerts on abducted children through the network.
(c) Consultation with Federal Bureau of Investigation 
In carrying out duties under subsection (b) of this section, the Coordinator shall notify and consult with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation concerning each child abduction for which an alert is issued through the AMBER Alert communications network.
(d) Cooperation 
The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section.
(e) Report 
Not later than March 1, 2005, the Coordinator shall submit to Congress a report on the activities of the Coordinator and the effectiveness and status of the AMBER plans of each State that has implemented such a plan. The Coordinator shall prepare the report in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation.

42 USC 5791a - Minimum standards for issuance and dissemination of alerts through AMBER Alert communications network

(a) Establishment of minimum standards 
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice shall establish minimum standards for
(1) the issuance of alerts through the AMBER Alert communications network; and
(2) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network.
(b) Limitations 

(1) The minimum standards established under subsection (a) of this section shall be adoptable on a voluntary basis only.
(2) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that appropriate information relating to the special needs of an abducted child (including health care needs) are disseminated to the appropriate law enforcement, public health, and other public officials.
(3) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that the dissemination of an alert through the AMBER Alert communications network be limited to the geographic areas most likely to facilitate the recovery of the abducted child concerned.
(4) In carrying out activities under subsection (a) of this section, the Coordinator may not interfere with the current system of voluntary coordination between local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies for purposes of the AMBER Alert communications network.
(c) Cooperation 

(1) The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section.
(2) The Coordinator shall also cooperate with local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies in establishing minimum standards under this section.

42 USC 5791b - Grant program for notification and communications systems along highways for recovery of abducted children

(a) Program required 
The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a program to provide grants to States for the development or enhancement of notification or communications systems along highways for alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children.
(b) Development grants 

(1) In general 
The Secretary may make a grant to a State under this subsection for the development of a State program for the use of changeable message signs or other motorist information systems to notify motorists about abductions of children. The State program shall provide for the planning, coordination, and design of systems, protocols, and message sets that support the coordination and communication necessary to notify motorists about abductions of children.
(2) Eligible activities 
A grant under this subsection may be used by a State for the following purposes:
(A) To develop general policies and procedures to guide the use of changeable message signs or other motorist information systems to notify motorists about abductions of children.
(B) To develop guidance or policies on the content and format of alert messages to be conveyed on changeable message signs or other traveler information systems.
(C) To coordinate State, regional, and local plans for the use of changeable message signs or other transportation related issues.
(D) To plan secure and reliable communications systems and protocols among public safety and transportation agencies or modify existing communications systems to support the notification of motorists about abductions of children.
(E) To plan and design improved systems for communicating with motorists, including the capability for issuing wide area alerts to motorists.
(F) To plan systems and protocols to facilitate the efficient issuance of child abduction notification and other key information to motorists during off-hours.
(G) To provide training and guidance to transportation authorities to facilitate appropriate use of changeable message signs and other traveler information systems for the notification of motorists about abductions of children.
(c) Implementation grants 

(1) In general 
The Secretary may make a grant to a State under this subsection for the implementation of a program for the use of changeable message signs or other motorist information systems to notify motorists about abductions of children. A State shall be eligible for a grant under this subsection if the Secretary determines that the State has developed a State program in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.
(2) Eligible activities 
A grant under this subsection may be used by a State to support the implementation of systems that use changeable message signs or other motorist information systems to notify motorists about abductions of children. Such support may include the purchase and installation of changeable message signs or other motorist information systems to notify motorists about abductions of children.
(d) Federal share 
The Federal share of the cost of any activities funded by a grant under this section may not exceed 80 percent.
(e) Distribution of grant amounts 
The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, distribute grants under this section equally among the States that apply for a grant under this section within the time period prescribed by the Secretary.
(f) Administration 
The Secretary shall prescribe requirements, including application requirements, for the receipt of grants under this section.
(g) Definition 
In this section, the term State means any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.
(h) Authorization of appropriations 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2004. Such amounts shall remain available until expended.
(i) Study of State programs 

(1) Study 
The Secretary shall conduct a study to examine State barriers to the adoption and implementation of State programs for the use of communications systems along highways for alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children.
(2) Report 
Not later than 1 year after April 30, 2003, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study, together with any recommendations the Secretary determines appropriate.

42 USC 5791c - Grant program for support of AMBER Alert communications plans

(a) Program required 
The Attorney General shall carry out a program to provide grants to States for the development or enhancement of programs and activities for the support of AMBER Alert communications plans.
(b) Activities 
Activities funded by grants under the program under subsection (a) of this section may include
(1) the development and implementation of education and training programs, and associated materials, relating to AMBER Alert communications plans;
(2) the development and implementation of law enforcement programs, and associated equipment, relating to AMBER Alert communications plans;
(3) the development and implementation of new technologies to improve AMBER Alert communications; and
(4) such other activities as the Attorney General considers appropriate for supporting the AMBER Alert communications program.
(c) Federal share 
The Federal share of the cost of any activities funded by a grant under the program under subsection (a) of this section may not exceed 50 percent.
(d) Distribution of grant amounts on geographic basis 
The Attorney General shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure the distribution of grants under the program under subsection (a) of this section on an equitable basis throughout the various regions of the United States.
(e) Administration 
The Attorney General shall prescribe requirements, including application requirements, for grants under the program under subsection (a) of this section.
(f) Authorization of appropriations 

(1) There is authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Justice $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 to carry out this section and, in addition, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 to carry out subsection (b)(3) of this section.
(2) Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended.

42 USC 5791d - Limitation on liability

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, including any of its officers, employees, or agents, shall not be liable for damages in any civil action for defamation, libel, slander, or harm to reputation arising out of any action or communication by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, its officers, employees, or agents, in connection with any clearinghouse, hotline or complaint intake or forwarding program or in connection with activity that is wholly or partially funded by the United States and undertaken in cooperation with, or at the direction of a Federal law enforcement agency.
(b) The limitation in subsection (a) of this section does not apply in any action in which the plaintiff proves that the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, its officers, employees, or agents acted with actual malice, or provided information or took action for a purpose unrelated to an activity mandated by Federal law. For purposes of this subsection, the prevention, or detection of crime, and the safety, recovery, or protection of missing or exploited children shall be deemed, per se, to be an activity mandated by Federal law.

Part B - Missing Children Procedures in Public Buildings

42 USC 5792 - Definitions

In this part, the following definitions apply:
(1) Child 
The term child means an individual who is 17 years of age or younger.
(2) Code Adam alert 
The term Code Adam alert means a set of procedures used in public buildings to alert employees and other users of the building that a child is missing.
(3) Designated authority 
The term designated authority means
(A) with respect to a public building owned or leased for use by an Executive agency
(i) except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the Administrator of General Services;
(ii) in the case of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts;
(iii) in the case of buildings under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Smithsonian Institution, the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution; or
(iv) in the case of another public building for which an Executive agency has, by specific or general statutory authority, jurisdiction, custody, and control over the building, the head of that agency;
(B) with respect to the Supreme Court Building, the Marshal of the Supreme Court; with respect to the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, the Director of the Administrative Office of United States Courts; and with respect to all other public buildings owned or leased for use by an establishment in the judicial branch of government, the General Services Administration in consultation with the United States Marshals Service; and
(C) with respect to a public building owned or leased for use by an establishment in the legislative branch of government, the Capitol Police Board.
(4) Executive agency 
The term Executive agency has the same meaning such term has under section 105 of title 5.
(5) Federal agency 
The term Federal agency means any Executive agency or any establishment in the legislative or judicial branches of the Government.
(6) Public building 
The term public building means any building (or portion thereof) owned or leased for use by a Federal agency.

42 USC 5792a - Procedures in public buildings regarding a missing or lost child

(a) In general 
Not later than 180 days after April 30, 2003, the designated authority for a public building shall establish procedures for locating a child that is missing in the building.
(b) Notification and search procedures 
Procedures established under this section shall provide, at a minimum, for the following:
(1) Notifying security personnel that a child is missing.
(2) Obtaining a detailed description of the child, including name, age, eye and hair color, height, weight, clothing, and shoes.
(3) Issuing a Code Adam alert and providing a description of the child, using a fast and effective means of communication.
(4) Establishing a central point of contact.
(5) Monitoring all points of egress from the building while a Code Adam alert is in effect.
(6) Conducting a thorough search of the building.
(7) Contacting local law enforcement.
(8) Documenting the incident.