Subchapter N - Tax Based on Income From Sources Within or Without the United States

TITLE 26 - US CODE - PART I - SOURCE RULES AND OTHER GENERAL RULES RELATING TO FOREIGN INCOME

26 USC 861 - Income from sources within the United States

(a) Gross income from sources within United States 
The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources within the United States:
(1) Interest 
Interest from the United States or the District of Columbia, and interest on bonds, notes, or other interest-bearing obligations of noncorporate residents or domestic corporations not including
(A) interest from a resident alien individual or domestic corporation, if such individual or corporation meets the 80-percent foreign business requirements of subsection (c)(1),
(B) interest
(i) on deposits with a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership if such branch is engaged in the commercial banking business, and
(ii) on amounts satisfying the requirements of subparagraph (B) of section 871 (i)(3) which are paid by a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership, and
(C) in the case of a foreign partnership, which is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business outside the United States, any interest not paid by a trade or business engaged in by the partnership in the United States and not allocable to income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
(2) Dividends 
The amount received as dividends
(A) from a domestic corporation other than a corporation which has an election in effect under section 936, or
(B) from a foreign corporation unless less than 25 percent of the gross income from all sources of such foreign corporation for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the declaration of such dividends (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected other than income described in section 884 (d)(2)) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; but only in an amount which bears the same ratio to such dividends as the gross income of the corporation for such period which was effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected other than income described in section 884 (d)(2)) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States bears to its gross income from all sources; but dividends (other than dividends for which a deduction is allowable under section 245 (b)) from a foreign corporation shall, for purposes of subpart A of part III (relating to foreign tax credit), be treated as income from sources without the United States to the extent (and only to the extent) exceeding the amount which is 100/70th of the amount of the deduction allowable under section 245 in respect of such dividends, or
(C) from a foreign corporation to the extent that such amount is required by section 243 (e) (relating to certain dividends from foreign corporations) to be treated as dividends from a domestic corporation which is subject to taxation under this chapter, and to such extent subparagraph (B) shall not apply to such amount, or
(D) from a DISC or former DISC (as defined in section 992 (a)) except to the extent attributable (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to qualified export receipts described in section 993 (a)(1) (other than interest and gains described in section 995 (b)(1)).

In the case of any dividend from a 20-percent owned corporation (as defined in section 243 (c)(2)), subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting 100/80th for 100/70th.

(3) Personal services 
Compensation for labor or personal services performed in the United States; except that compensation for labor or services performed in the United States shall not be deemed to be income from sources within the United States if
(A) the labor or services are performed by a nonresident alien individual temporarily present in the United States for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 90 days during the taxable year,
(B) such compensation does not exceed $3,000 in the aggregate, and
(C) the compensation is for labor or services performed as an employee of or under a contract with
(i) a nonresident alien, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation, not engaged in trade or business within the United States, or
(ii) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a domestic partnership, or a domestic corporation, if such labor or services are performed for an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the United States by such individual, partnership, or corporation.

In addition, compensation for labor or services performed in the United States shall not be deemed to be income from sources within the United States if the labor or services are performed by a nonresident alien individual in connection with the individuals temporary presence in the United States as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States.

(4) Rentals and royalties 
Rentals or royalties from property located in the United States or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using in the United States patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trade-marks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property.
(5) Disposition of United States real property interest 
Gains, profits, and income from the disposition of a United States real property interest (as defined in section 897 (c)).
(6) Sale or exchange of inventory property 
Gains, profits, and income derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865 (i)(1)) without the United States (other than within a possession of the United States) and its sale or exchange within the United States.
(7) Amounts received as underwriting income (as defined in section 832 (b)(3)) derived from the issuing (or reinsuring) of any insurance or annuity contract
(A) in connection with property in, liability arising out of an activity in, or in connection with the lives or health of residents of, the United States, or
(B) in connection with risks not described in subparagraph (A) as a result of any arrangement whereby another corporation receives a substantially equal amount of premiums or other consideration in respect to issuing (or reinsuring) any insurance or annuity contract in connection with property in, liability arising out of activity in, or in connection with the lives or health of residents of, the United States.
(8) Social security benefits 
Any social security benefit (as defined in section 86 (d)).
(b) Taxable income from sources within United States 
From the items of gross income specified in subsection (a) as being income from sources within the United States there shall be deducted the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be included in full as taxable income from sources within the United States. In the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the standard deduction shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.
(c) Foreign business requirements 

(1) Foreign business requirements 

(A) In general 
An individual or corporation meets the 80-percent foreign business requirements of this paragraph if it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that at least 80 percent of the gross income from all sources of such individual or corporation for the testing period is active foreign business income.
(B) Active foreign business income 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term active foreign business income means gross income which
(i) is derived from sources outside the United States (as determined under this subchapter) or, in the case of a corporation, is attributable to income so derived by a subsidiary of such corporation, and
(ii) is attributable to the active conduct of a trade or business in a foreign country or possession of the United States by the individual or corporation (or by a subsidiary.)

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term subsidiary means any corporation in which the corporation referred to in this subparagraph owns (directly or indirectly) stock meeting the requirements of section 1504 (a)(2) (determined by substituting 50 percent for 80 percent each place it appears).

(C) Testing period 
For purposes of this subsection, the term testing period means the 3-year period ending with the close of the taxable year of the individual or corporation preceding the payment (or such part of such period as may be applicable). If the individual or corporation has no gross income for such 3-year period (or part thereof), the testing period shall be the taxable year in which the payment is made.
(2) Look-thru where related person receives interest 

(A) In general 
In the case of interest received by a related person from a resident alien individual or domestic corporation meeting the 80-percent foreign business requirements of paragraph (1), subsection (a)(1)(A) shall apply only to a percentage of such interest equal to the percentage which
(i) the gross income of such individual or corporation for the testing period from sources outside the United States (as determined under this subchapter), is of
(ii) the total gross income of such individual or corporation for the testing period.
(B) Related person 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term related person has the meaning given such term by section 954 (d)(3), except that
(i) such section shall be applied by substituting the individual or corporation making the payment for controlled foreign corporation each place it appears, and
(ii) such section shall be applied by substituting 10 percent or more for more than 50 percent each place it appears.
(d) Special rule for application of subsection (a)(2)(B) 
For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B), if the foreign corporation has no gross income from any source for the 3-year period (or part thereof) specified, the requirements of such subsection shall be applied with respect to the taxable year of such corporation in which the payment of the dividend is made.
(e) Income from certain railroad rolling stock treated as income from sources within the United States 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of subsection (a) and section 862 (a), if
(A) a taxpayer leases railroad rolling stock which is section 1245 property (as defined in section 1245 (a)(3)) to a domestic common carrier by railroad or a corporation which is controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more such common carriers, and
(B) the use under such lease is expected to be use within the United States,

all amounts includible in gross income by the taxpayer with respect to such railroad rolling stock (including gain from sale or other disposition of such railroad rolling stock) shall be treated as income from sources within the United States. The requirements of subparagraph (B) of the preceding sentence shall be treated as satisfied if the only expected use outside the United States is use by a person (whether or not a United States person) in Canada or Mexico on a temporary basis which is not expected to exceed a total of 90 days in any taxable year.

(2) Paragraph (1) not to apply where lessor is a member of controlled group which includes a railroad 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a lease between two members of the same controlled group of corporations (as defined in section 1563) if any member of such group is a domestic common carrier by railroad or a switching or terminal company all of whose stock is owned by one or more domestic common carriers by railroad.
(3) Denial of foreign tax credit 
No credit shall be allowed under section 901 for any payments to foreign countries with respect to any amount received by the taxpayer with respect to railroad rolling stock which is subject to paragraph (1).
(f) Cross reference 
For treatment of interest paid by the branch of a foreign corporation, see section 884 (f).

26 USC 862 - Income from sources without the United States

(a) Gross income from sources without United States 
The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources without the United States:
(1) interest other than that derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861 (a)(1);
(2) dividends other than those derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861 (a)(2);
(3) compensation for labor or personal services performed without the United States;
(4) rentals or royalties from property located without the United States or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using without the United States patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trade-marks, trade brands, franchises, and other like properties;
(5) gains, profits, and income from the sale or exchange of real property located without the United States;
(6) gains, profits, and income derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865 (i)(1)) within the United States and its sale or exchange without the United States;
(7) underwriting income other than that derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861 (a)(7); and
(8) gains, profits, and income from the disposition of a United States real property interest (as defined in section 897 (c)) when the real property is located in the Virgin Islands.
(b) Taxable income from sources without United States 
From the items of gross income specified in subsection (a) there shall be deducted the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto, and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be treated in full as taxable income from sources without the United States. In the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the standard deduction shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.

26 USC 863 - Special rules for determining source

(a) Allocation under regulations 
Items of gross income, expenses, losses, and deductions, other than those specified in sections 861 (a) and 862 (a), shall be allocated or apportioned to sources within or without the United States, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. Where items of gross income are separately allocated to sources within the United States, there shall be deducted (for the purpose of computing the taxable income therefrom) the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of other expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be included in full as taxable income from sources within the United States.
(b) Income partly from within and partly from without the United States 
In the case of gross income derived from sources partly within and partly without the United States, the taxable income may first be computed by deducting the expenses, losses, or other deductions apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income; and the portion of such taxable income attributable to sources within the United States may be determined by processes or formulas of general apportionment prescribed by the Secretary. Gains, profits, and income
(1) from services rendered partly within and partly without the United States,
(2) from the sale or exchange of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865 (i)(1)) produced (in whole or in part) by the taxpayer within and sold or exchanged without the United States, or produced (in whole or in part) by the taxpayer without and sold or exchanged within the United States, or
(3) derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865 (i)(1)) within a possession of the United States and its sale or exchange within the United States,

shall be treated as derived partly from sources within and partly from sources without the United States.

(c) Source rule for certain transportation income 

(1) Transportation beginning and ending in the United States 
All transportation income attributable to transportation which begins and ends in the United States shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.
(2) Other transportation having United States connection 

(A) In general 
50 percent of all transportation income attributable to transportation which
(i) is not described in paragraph (1), and
(ii) begins or ends in the United States,

shall be treated as from sources in the United States.

(B) Special rule for personal service income 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any transportation income which is income derived from personal services performed by the taxpayer, unless such income is attributable to transportation which
(i) begins in the United States and ends in a possession of the United States, or
(ii) begins in a possession of the United States and ends in the United States.

In the case of transportation income derived from, or in connection with, a vessel, this subparagraph shall only apply if the taxpayer is a citizen or resident alien.

(3) Transportation income 
For purposes of this subsection, the term transportation income means any income derived from, or in connection with
(A) the use (or hiring or leasing for use) of a vessel or aircraft, or
(B) the performance of services directly related to the use of a vessel or aircraft.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term vessel or aircraft includes any container used in connection with a vessel or aircraft.

(d) Source rules for space and certain ocean activities 

(1) In general 
Except as provided in regulations, any income derived from a space or ocean activity
(A) if derived by a United States person, shall be sourced in the United States, and
(B) if derived by a person other than a United States person, shall be sourced outside the United States.
(2) Space or ocean activity 
For purposes of paragraph (1)
(A) In general 
The term space or ocean activity means
(i) any activity conducted in space, and
(ii) any activity conducted on or under water not within the jurisdiction (as recognized by the United States) of a foreign country, possession of the United States, or the United States.

Such term includes any activity conducted in Antarctica.

(B) Exception for certain activities 
The term space or ocean activity shall not include
(i) any activity giving rise to transportation income (as defined in section 863 (c)),
(ii) any activity giving rise to international communications income (as defined in subsection (e)(2)), and
(iii) any activity with respect to mines, oil and gas wells, or other natural deposits to the extent within the United States or any foreign country or possession of the United States (as defined in section 638).

For purposes of applying section 638, the jurisdiction of any foreign country shall not include any jurisdiction not recognized by the United States.

(e) International communications income 

(1) Source rules 

(A) United States persons 
In the case of any United States person, 50 percent of any international communications income shall be sourced in the United States and 50 percent of such income shall be sourced outside the United States.
(B) Foreign persons 

(i) In general Except as provided in regulations or clause (ii), in the case of any person other than a United States person, any international communications income shall be sourced outside the United States.
(ii) Special rule for income attributable to office or fixed place of business in the United States In the case of any person (other than a United States person) who maintains an office or other fixed place of business in the United States, any international communications income attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced in the United States.
(2) Definition 
For purposes of this section, the term international communications income includes all income derived from the transmission of communications or data from the United States to any foreign country (or possession of the United States) or from any foreign country (or possession of the United States) to the United States.

26 USC 864 - Definitions and special rules

(a) Produced 
For purposes of this part, the term produced includes created, fabricated, manufactured, extracted, processed, cured, or aged.
(b) Trade or business within the United States 
For purposes of this part, part II, and chapter 3, the term trade or business within the United States includes the performance of personal services within the United States at any time within the taxable year, but does not include
(1) Performance of personal services for foreign employer 
The performance of personal services
(A) for a nonresident alien individual, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation, not engaged in trade or business within the United States, or
(B) for an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the United States by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States or by a domestic partnership or a domestic corporation,

by a nonresident alien individual temporarily present in the United States for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 90 days during the taxable year and whose compensation for such services does not exceed in the aggregate $3,000.

(2) Trading in securities or commodities 

(A) Stocks and securities 

(i) In general Trading in stocks or securities through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other independent agent.
(ii) Trading for taxpayers own account Trading in stocks or securities for the taxpayers own account, whether by the taxpayer or his employees or through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other agent, and whether or not any such employee or agent has discretionary authority to make decisions in effecting the transactions. This clause shall not apply in the case of a dealer in stocks or securities.
(B) Commodities 

(i) In general Trading in commodities through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other independent agent.
(ii) Trading for taxpayers own account Trading in commodities for the taxpayers own account, whether by the taxpayer or his employees or through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other agent, and whether or not any such employee or agent has discretionary authority to make decisions in effecting the transactions. This clause shall not apply in the case of a dealer in commodities.
(iii) Limitation Clauses (i) and (ii) shall apply only if the commodities are of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange and if the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place.
(C) Limitation 
Subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B)(i) shall apply only if, at no time during the taxable year, the taxpayer has an office or other fixed place of business in the United States through which or by the direction of which the transactions in stocks or securities, or in commodities, as the case may be, are effected.
(c) Effectively connected income, etc. 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of this title
(A) In the case of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year, the rules set forth in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (6), and (7) shall apply in determining the income, gain, or loss which shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(B) Except as provided in paragraph (6) or (7) or in section 871 (d) or sections 882 (d) and (e), in the case of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation not engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year, no income, gain, or loss shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(2) Periodical, etc., income from sources within United States—factors 
In determining whether income from sources within the United States of the types described in section 871 (a)(1), section 871(h), section 881 (a), or section 881 (c), or whether gain or loss from sources within the United States from the sale or exchange of capital assets, is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, the factors taken into account shall include whether
(A) the income, gain, or loss is derived from assets used in or held for use in the conduct of such trade or business, or
(B) the activities of such trade or business were a material factor in the realization of the income, gain, or loss.

In determining whether an asset is used in or held for use in the conduct of such trade or business or whether the activities of such trade or business were a material factor in realizing an item of income, gain, or loss, due regard shall be given to whether or not such asset or such income, gain, or loss was accounted for through such trade or business.

(3) Other income from sources within United States 
All income, gain, or loss from sources within the United States (other than income, gain, or loss to which paragraph (2) applies) shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(4) Income from sources without United States 

(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), no income, gain, or loss from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(B) Income, gain, or loss from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation if such person has an office or other fixed place of business within the United States to which such income, gain, or loss is attributable and such income, gain, or loss
(i) consists of rents or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using intangible property described in section 862 (a)(4) derived in the active conduct of such trade or business;
(ii) consists of dividends or interest, and either is derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business within the United States or is received by a corporation the principal business of which is trading in stocks or securities for its own account; or
(iii) is derived from the sale or exchange (outside the United States) through such office or other fixed place of business of personal property described in section 1221 (a)(1), except that this clause shall not apply if the property is sold or exchanged for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States and an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer in a foreign country participated materially in such sale. Any income or gain which is equivalent to any item of income or gain described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) shall be treated in the same manner as such item for purposes of this subparagraph.
(C) In the case of a foreign corporation taxable under part I or part II of subchapter L, any income from sources without the United States which is attributable to its United States business shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(D) No income from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States if it either
(i) consists of dividends, interest, or royalties paid by a foreign corporation in which the taxpayer owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)), or is considered as owning (by applying the ownership rules of section 958 (b)), more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote, or
(ii) is subpart F income within the meaning of section 952 (a).
(5) Rules for application of paragraph (4)(B) 
For purposes of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (4)
(A) in determining whether a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation has an office or other fixed place of business, an office or other fixed place of business of an agent shall be disregarded unless such agent
(i)  has the authority to negotiate and conclude contracts in the name of the nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation and regularly exercises that authority or has a stock of merchandise from which he regularly fills orders on behalf of such individual or foreign corporation, and
(ii)  is not a general commission agent, broker, or other agent of independent status acting in the ordinary course of his business,
(B) income, gain, or loss shall not be considered as attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States unless such office or fixed place of business is a material factor in the production of such income, gain, or loss and such office or fixed place of business regularly carries on activities of the type from which such income, gain, or loss is derived, and
(C) the income, gain, or loss which shall be attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States shall be the income, gain, or loss property allocable thereto, but, in the case of a sale or exchange described in clause (iii) of such subparagraph, the income which shall be treated as attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States shall not exceed the income which would be derived from sources within the United States if the sale or exchange were made in the United States.
(6) Treatment of certain deferred payments, etc. 
For purposes of this title, in the case of any income or gain of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation which
(A) is taken into account for any taxable year, but
(B) is attributable to a sale or exchange of property or the performance of services (or any other transaction) in any other taxable year,

the determination of whether such income or gain is taxable under section 871 (b) or 882 (as the case may be) shall be made as if such income or gain were taken into account in such other taxable year and without regard to the requirement that the taxpayer be engaged in a trade or business within the United States during the taxable year referred to in subparagraph (A).

(7) Treatment of certain property transactions 
For purposes of this title, if
(A) any property ceases to be used or held for use in connection with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and
(B) such property is disposed of within 10 years after such cessation,

the determination of whether any income or gain attributable to such disposition is taxable under section 871 (b) or 882 (as the case may be) shall be made as if such sale or exchange occurred immediately before such cessation and without regard to the requirement that the taxpayer be engaged in a trade or business within the United States during the taxable year for which such income or gain is taken into account.

(d) Treatment of related person factoring income 

(1) In general 
For purposes of the provisions set forth in paragraph (2), if any person acquires (directly or indirectly) a trade or service receivable from a related person, any income of such person from the trade or service receivable so acquired shall be treated as if it were interest on a loan to the obligor under the receivable.
(2) Provisions to which paragraph (1) applies 
The provisions set forth in this paragraph are as follows:
(A) Section 904 (relating to limitation on foreign tax credit).
(B) Subpart F of part III of this subchapter (relating to controlled foreign corporations).
(3) Trade or service receivable 
For purposes of this subsection, the term trade or service receivable means any account receivable or evidence of indebtedness arising out of
(A) the disposition by a related person of property described in section 1221 (a)(1), or
(B) the performance of services by a related person.
(4) Related person 
For purposes of this subsection, the term related person means
(A) any person who is a related person (within the meaning of section 267 (b)), and
(B) any United States shareholder (as defined in section 951 (b)) and any person who is a related person (within the meaning of section 267 (b)) to such a shareholder.
(5) Certain provisions not to apply 

(A) Certain exceptions 
The following provisions shall not apply to any amount treated as interest under paragraph (1) or (6):
(i) Subparagraphs (A)(iii)(II), (B)(ii), and (C)(iii)(II) of section 904 (d)(2) (relating to exceptions for export financing interest).
(ii) Subparagraph (A) of section 954 (b)(3) (relating to exception where foreign base company income is less than 5 percent or $1,000,000).
(iii) Subparagraph (B) of section 954 (c)(2) (relating to certain export financing).
(iv) Clause (i) of section 954 (c)(3)(A) (relating to certain income received from related persons).
(B) Special rules for possessions 
An amount treated as interest under paragraph (1) shall not be treated as income described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 936 (a)(1) unless such amount is from sources within a possession of the United States (determined after the application of paragraph (1)).
(6) Special rule for certain income from loans of a controlled foreign corporation 
Any income of a controlled foreign corporation (within the meaning of section 957 (a)) from a loan to a person for the purpose of financing
(A) the purchase of property described in section 1221(a)(1) of a related person, or
(B) the payment for the performance of services by a related person,

shall be treated as interest described in paragraph (1).

(7) Exception for certain related persons doing business in same foreign country 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any trade or service receivable acquired by any person from a related person if
(A) the person acquiring such receivable and such related person are created or organized under the laws of the same foreign country and such related person has a substantial part of its assets used in its trade or business located in such same foreign country, and
(B) such related person would not have derived any foreign base company income (as defined in section 954 (a), determined without regard to section 954 (b)(3)(A)), or any income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, from such receivable if it had been collected by such related person.
(8) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to prevent the avoidance of the provisions of this subsection or section 956 (b)(3).[1]
(e) Rules for allocating interest, etc. 
For purposes of this subchapter
(1) Treatment of affiliated groups 
The taxable income of each member of an affiliated group shall be determined by allocating and apportioning interest expense of each member as if all members of such group were a single corporation.
(2) Gross income method may not be used for interest 
All allocations and apportionments of interest expense shall be made on the basis of assets rather than gross income.
(3) Tax-exempt assets not taken into account 
For purposes of allocating and apportioning any deductible expense, any tax-exempt asset (and any income from such an asset) shall not be taken into account. A similar rule shall apply in the case of the portion of any dividend (other than a qualifying dividend as defined in section 243 (b)) equal to the deduction allowable under section 243 or 245 (a) with respect to such dividend and in the case of a like portion of any stock the dividends on which would be so deductible and would not be qualifying dividends (as so defined).
(4) Basis of stock in nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporations adjusted for earnings and profits changes 

(A) In general 
For purposes of allocating and apportioning expenses on the basis of assets, the adjusted basis of any stock in a nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation shall be
(i) increased by the amount of the earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock and accumulated during the period the taxpayer held such stock, or
(ii) reduced (but not below zero) by any deficit in earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock for such period.
(B) Nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation means any corporation if
(i) such corporation is not included in the taxpayers affiliated group, and
(ii) members of such affiliated group own 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote.
(C) Earnings and profits of lower tier corporations taken into account 

(i) In general If, by reason of holding stock in a nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation, the taxpayer is treated under clause (iii) as owning stock in another corporation with respect to which the stock ownership requirements of clause (ii) are met, the adjustment under subparagraph (A) shall include an adjustment for the amount of the earnings and profits (or deficit therein) of such other corporation which are attributable to the stock the taxpayer is so treated as owning and to the period during which the taxpayer is treated as owning such stock.
(ii) Stock ownership requirements The stock ownership requirements of this clause are met with respect to any corporation if members of the taxpayers affiliated group own (directly or through the application of clause (iii)) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote.
(iii) Stock owned through entities For purposes of this subparagraph, stock owned (directly or indirectly) by a corporation, partnership, or trust shall be treated as being owned proportionately by its shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence, shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.
(D) Coordination with subpart F, etc. 
For purposes of this paragraph, proper adjustment shall be made to the earnings and profits of any corporation to take into account any earnings and profits included in gross income under section 951 or under any other provision of this title and reflected in the adjusted basis of the stock.
(5) Affiliated group 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term affiliated group has the meaning given such term by section 1504 (determined without regard to paragraph (4) of section 1504 (b)).
(B) Treatment of certain financial institutions 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), any corporation described in subparagraph (C) shall be treated as an includible corporation for purposes of section 1504 only for purposes of applying such section separately to corporations so described. This subparagraph shall not apply for purposes of paragraph (6).
(C) Description 
A corporation is described in this subparagraph if
(i) such corporation is a financial institution described in section 581 or 591,
(ii) the business of such financial institution is predominantly with persons other than related persons (within the meaning of subsection (d)(4)) or their customers, and
(iii) such financial institution is required by State or Federal law to be operated separately from any other entity which is not such an institution.
(D) Treatment of bank holding companies 
To the extent provided in regulations
(i) a bank holding company (within the meaning of section 2(a) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956), and
(ii) any subsidiary of a financial institution described in section 581 or 591 or of any bank holding company if such subsidiary is predominantly engaged (directly or indirectly) in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business,

shall be treated as a corporation described in subparagraph (C).

(6) Allocation and apportionment of other expenses 
Expenses other than interest which are not directly allocable or apportioned to any specific income producing activity shall be allocated and apportioned as if all members of the affiliated group were a single corporation.
(7) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations providing
(A) for the resourcing of income of any member of an affiliated group or modifications to the consolidated return regulations to the extent such resourcing or modification is necessary to carry out the purposes of this section,
(B) for direct allocation of interest expense incurred to carry out an integrated financial transaction to any interest (or interest-type income) derived from such transaction,
(C) for the apportionment of expenses allocated to foreign source income among the members of the affiliated group and various categories of income described in section 904 (d)(1),
(D) for direct allocation of interest expense in the case of indebtedness resulting in a disallowance under section 246A,
(E) for appropriate adjustments in the application of paragraph (3) in the case of an insurance company, and
(F) that this subsection shall not apply for purposes of any provision of this subchapter to the extent the Secretary determines that the application of this subsection for such purposes would not be appropriate.
(f) Allocation of research and experimental expenditures 

(1) In general 
For purposes of sections 861 (b), 862 (b), and 863 (b), qualified research and experimental expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned as follows:
(A) Any qualified research and experimental expenditures expended solely to meet legal requirements imposed by a political entity with respect to the improvement or marketing of specific products or processes for purposes not reasonably expected to generate gross income (beyond de minimis amounts) outside the jurisdiction of the political entity shall be allocated only to gross income from sources within such jurisdiction.
(B) In the case of any qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under subparagraph (A)) to the extent
(i) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted in the United States, 50 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States, and
(ii) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted outside the United States, 50 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources outside the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources outside the United States.
(C) The remaining portion of qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under subparagraphs (A) and (B)) shall be apportioned, at the annual election of the taxpayer, on the basis of gross sales or gross income, except that, if the taxpayer elects to apportion on the basis of gross income, the amount apportioned to income from sources outside the United States shall at least be 30 percent of the amount which would be so apportioned on the basis of gross sales.
(2) Qualified research and experimental expenditures 
For purposes of this section, the term qualified research and experimental expenditures means amounts which are research and experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174. For purposes of this paragraph, rules similar to the rules of subsection (c) of section 174 shall apply. Any qualified research and experimental expenditures treated as deferred expenses under subsection (b) of section 174 shall be taken into account under this subsection for the taxable year for which such expenditures are allowed as a deduction under such subsection.
(3) Special rules for expenditures attributable to activities conducted in space, etc. 

(A) In general 
Any qualified research and experimental expenditures described in subparagraph (B)
(i) if incurred by a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted in the United States, and
(ii) if incurred by a person other than a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted outside the United States.
(B) Description of expenditures 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), qualified research and experimental expenditures are described in this subparagraph if such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted
(i) in space,
(ii) on or under water not within the jurisdiction (as recognized by the United States) of a foreign country, possession of the United States, or the United States, or
(iii) in Antarctica.
(4) Affiliated group 

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the allocation and apportionment required by paragraph (1) shall be determined as if all members of the affiliated group (as defined in subsection (e)(5)) were a single corporation.
(B) For purposes of the allocation and apportionment required by paragraph (1)
(i) sales and gross income from products produced in whole or in part in a possession by an electing corporation (within the meaning of section 936 (h)(5)(E)), and
(ii) dividends from an electing corporation,

shall not be taken into account, except that this subparagraph shall not apply to sales of (and gross income and dividends attributable to sales of) products with respect to which an election under section 936 (h)(5)(F) is not in effect.

(C) The qualified research and experimental expenditures taken into account for purposes of paragraph (1) shall be adjusted to reflect the amount of such expenditures included in computing the cost-sharing amount (determined under section 936 (h)(5)(C)(i)(I)).
(D) The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations providing for the source of gross income and the allocation and apportionment of deductions to take into account the adjustments required by subparagraph (B) or (C).
(E) Paragraph (6) of subsection (e) shall not apply to qualified research and experimental expenditures.
(5) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including regulations relating to the determination of whether any expenses are attributable to activities conducted in the United States or outside the United States and regulations providing such adjustments to the provisions of this subsection as may be appropriate in the case of cost-sharing arrangements and contract research.
(6) Applicability 
This subsection shall apply to the taxpayers first taxable year (beginning on or before August 1, 1994) following the taxpayers last taxable year to which Revenue Procedure 9256 applies or would apply if the taxpayer elected the benefits of such Revenue Procedure.
[1] See References in Text note below.

26 USC 865 - Source rules for personal property sales

(a) General rule 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, income from the sale of personal property
(1) by a United States resident shall be sourced in the United States, or
(2) by a nonresident shall be sourced outside the United States.
(b) Exception for inventory property 
In the case of income derived from the sale of inventory property
(1) this section shall not apply, and
(2) such income shall be sourced under the rules of sections 861 (a)(6), 862 (a)(6), and 863.

Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any income from the sale of any unprocessed timber which is a softwood and was cut from an area in the United States shall be sourced in the United States and the rules of sections 862 (a)(6) and 863 (b) shall not apply to any such income. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term unprocessed timber means any log, cant, or similar form of timber.

(c) Exception for depreciable personal property 

(1) In general 
Gain (not in excess of the depreciation adjustments) from the sale of depreciable personal property shall be allocated between sources in the United States and sources outside the United States
(A) by treating the same proportion of such gain as sourced in the United States as the United States depreciation adjustments with respect to such property bear to the total depreciation adjustments, and
(B) by treating the remaining portion of such gain as sourced outside the United States.
(2) Gain in excess of depreciation 
Gain (in excess of the depreciation adjustments) from the sale of depreciable personal property shall be sourced as if such property were inventory property.
(3) United States depreciation adjustments 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term United States depreciation adjustments means the portion of the depreciation adjustments to the adjusted basis of the property which are attributable to the depreciation deductions allowable in computing taxable income from sources in the United States.
(B) Special rule for certain property 
Except in the case of property of a kind described in section 168 (g)(4), if, for any taxable year
(i) such property is used predominantly in the United States, or
(ii) such property is used predominantly outside the United States,

all of the depreciation deductions allowable for such year shall be treated as having been allocated to income from sources in the United States (or, where clause (ii) applies, from sources outside the United States).

(4) Other definitions 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Depreciable personal property 
The term depreciable personal property means any personal property if the adjusted basis of such property includes depreciation adjustments.
(B) Depreciation adjustments 
The term depreciation adjustments means adjustments reflected in the adjusted basis of any property on account of depreciation deductions (whether allowed with respect to such property or other property and whether allowed to the taxpayer or to any other person).
(C) Depreciation deductions 
The term depreciation deductions means any deductions for depreciation or amortization or any other deduction allowable under any provision of this chapter which treats an otherwise capital expenditure as a deductible expense.
(d) Exception for intangibles 

(1) In general 
In the case of any sale of an intangible
(A) this section shall apply only to the extent the payments in consideration of such sale are not contingent on the productivity, use, or disposition of the intangible, and
(B) to the extent such payments are so contingent, the source of such payments shall be determined under this part in the same manner as if such payments were royalties.
(2) Intangible 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term intangible means any patent, copyright, secret process or formula, goodwill, trademark, trade brand, franchise, or other like property.
(3) Special rule in the case of goodwill 
To the extent this section applies to the sale of goodwill, payments in consideration of such sale shall be treated as from sources in the country in which such goodwill was generated.
(4) Coordination with subsection (c) 

(A) Gain not in excess of depreciation adjustments sourced under subsection (c) 
Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any gain from the sale of an intangible shall be sourced under subsection (c) to the extent such gain does not exceed the depreciation adjustments with respect to such intangible.
(B) Subsection (c)(2) not to apply to intangibles 
Paragraph (2) of subsection (c) shall not apply to any gain from the sale of an intangible.
(e) Special rules for sales through offices or fixed places of business 

(1) Sales by residents 

(A) In general 
In the case of income not sourced under subsection (b), (c), (d)(1)(B) or (3), or (f), if a United States resident maintains an office or other fixed place of business in a foreign country, income from sales of personal property attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced outside the United States.
(B) Tax must be imposed 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply unless an income tax equal to at least 10 percent of the income from the sale is actually paid to a foreign country with respect to such income.
(2) Sales by nonresidents 

(A) In general 
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this part, if a nonresident maintains an office or other fixed place of business in the United States, income from any sale of personal property (including inventory property) attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced in the United States. The preceding sentence shall not apply for purposes of section 971 (defining export trade corporation).
(B) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any sale of inventory property which is sold for use, disposition, or consumption outside the United States if an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer in a foreign country materially participated in the sale.
(3) Sales attributable to an office or other fixed place of business 
The principles of section 864 (c)(5) shall apply in determining whether a taxpayer has an office or other fixed place of business and whether a sale is attributable to such an office or other fixed place of business.
(f) Stock of affiliates 
If
(1) a United States resident sells stock in an affiliate which is a foreign corporation,
(2) such sale occurs in a foreign country in which such affiliate is engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business, and
(3) more than 50 percent of the gross income of such affiliate for the 3-year period ending with the close of such affiliates taxable year immediately preceding the year in which the sale occurred was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in such foreign country,

any gain from such sale shall be sourced outside the United States. For purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3), the United States resident may elect to treat an affiliate and all other corporations which are wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by the affiliate as one corporation.

(g) United States resident; nonresident 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection
(A) United States resident 
The term United States resident means
(i) any individual who
(I) is a United States citizen or a resident alien and does not have a tax home (as defined in section 911 (d)(3)) in a foreign country, or
(II) is a nonresident alien and has a tax home (as so defined) in the United States, and
(ii) any corporation, trust, or estate which is a United States person (as defined in section 7701 (a)(30)).
(B) Nonresident 
The term nonresident means any person other than a United States resident.
(2) Special rules for United States citizens and resident aliens 
For purposes of this section, a United States citizen or resident alien shall not be treated as a nonresident with respect to any sale of personal property unless an income tax equal to at least 10 percent of the gain derived from such sale is actually paid to a foreign country with respect to that gain.
(3) Special rule for certain stock sales by residents of Puerto Rico 
Paragraph (2) shall not apply to the sale by an individual who was a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year of stock in a corporation if
(A) such corporation is engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business in Puerto Rico, and
(B) more than 50 percent of its gross income for the 3-year period ending with the close of such corporations taxable year immediately preceding the year in which such sale occurred was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in Puerto Rico.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the taxpayer may elect to treat a corporation and all other corporations which are wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by such corporation as one corporation.

(h) Treatment of gains from sale of certain stock or intangibles and from certain liquidations 

(1) In general 
In the case of gain to which this subsection applies
(A) such gain shall be sourced outside the United States, but
(B) subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 904 and sections 902, 907, and 960 shall be applied separately with respect to such gain.
(2) Gain to which subsection applies 
This subsection shall apply to
(A) Gain from sale of certain stock or intangibles 
Any gain
(i) which is from the sale of stock in a foreign corporation or an intangible (as defined in subsection (d)(2)) and which would otherwise be sourced in the United States under this section,
(ii) which, under a treaty obligation of the United States (applied without regard to this section), would be sourced outside the United States, and
(iii) with respect to which the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this subsection.
(B) Gain from liquidation in possession 
Any gain which is derived from the receipt of any distribution in liquidation of a corporation
(i) which is organized in a possession of the United States, and
(ii) more than 50 percent of the gross income of which during the 3-taxable year period ending with the close of the taxable year immediately preceding the taxable year in which the distribution is received is from the active conduct of a trade or business in such possession.
(i) Other definitions 
For purposes of this section
(1) Inventory property 
The term inventory property means personal property described in paragraph (1) of section 1221 (a).
(2) Sale includes exchange 
The term sale includes an exchange or any other disposition.
(3) Treatment of possessions 
Any possession of the United States shall be treated as a foreign country.
(4) Affiliate 
The term affiliate means a member of the same affiliated group (within the meaning of section 1504 (a) without regard to section 1504 (b)).
(5) Treatment of partnerships 
In the case of a partnership, except as provided in regulations, this section shall be applied at the partner level.
(j) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purpose of this section, including regulations
(1) relating to the treatment of losses from sales of personal property,
(2) applying the rules of this section to income derived from trading in futures contracts, forward contracts, options contracts, and other instruments, and
(3) providing that, subject to such conditions (which may include provisions comparable to section 877) as may be provided in such regulations, subsections (e)(1)(B) and (g)(2) shall not apply for purposes of sections 931, 933, and 936.
(k) Cross references 

(1) For provisions relating to the characterization as dividends for source purposes of gains from the sale of stock in certain foreign corporations, see section 1248.
(2) For sourcing of income from certain foreign currency transactions, see section 988.

TITLE 26 - US CODE - PART II - NONRESIDENT ALIENS AND FOREIGN CORPORATIONS

Subpart A - Nonresident Alien Individuals

26 USC 871 - Tax on nonresident alien individuals

(a) Income not connected with United States business—30 percent tax 

(1) Income other than capital gains 
Except as provided in subsection (h), there is hereby imposed for each taxable year a tax of 30 percent of the amount received from sources within the United States by a nonresident alien individual as
(A) interest (other than original issue discount as defined in section 1273), dividends, rents, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensations, remunerations, emoluments, and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits, and income,
(B) gains described in section 631 (b) or (c), and gains on transfers described in section 1235 made on or before October 4, 1966,
(C) in the case of
(i) a sale or exchange of an original issue discount obligation, the amount of the original issue discount accruing while such obligation was held by the nonresident alien individual (to the extent such discount was not theretofore taken into account under clause (ii)), and
(ii) a payment on an original issue discount obligation, an amount equal to the original issue discount accruing while such obligation was held by the nonresident alien individual (except that such original issue discount shall be taken into account under this clause only to the extent such discount was not theretofore taken into account under this clause and only to the extent that the tax thereon does not exceed the payment less the tax imposed by subparagraph (A) thereon), and
(D) gains from the sale or exchange after October 4, 1966, of patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property, or of any interest in any such property, to the extent such gains are from payments which are contingent on the productivity, use, or disposition of the property or interest sold or exchanged,

but only to the extent the amount so received is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(2) Capital gains of aliens present in the United States 183 days or more 
In the case of a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year, there is hereby imposed for such year a tax of 30 percent of the amount by which his gains, derived from sources within the United States, from the sale or exchange at any time during such year of capital assets exceed his losses, allocable to sources within the United States, from the sale or exchange at any time during such year of capital assets. For purposes of this paragraph, gains and losses shall be taken into account only if, and to the extent that, they would be recognized and taken into account if such gains and losses were effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, except that such gains and losses shall be determined without regard to section 1202 and such losses shall be determined without the benefits of the capital loss carryover provided in section 1212. Any gain or loss which is taken into account in determining the tax under paragraph (1) or subsection (b) shall not be taken into account in determining the tax under this paragraph. For purposes of the 183-day requirement of this paragraph, a nonresident alien individual not engaged in trade or business within the United States who has not established a taxable year for any prior period shall be treated as having a taxable year which is the calendar year.
(3) Taxation of social security benefits 
For purposes of this section and section 1441
(A) 85 percent of any social security benefit (as defined in section 86 (d)) shall be included in gross income (notwithstanding section 207 of the Social Security Act), and
(B) section 86 shall not apply. For treatment of certain citizens of possessions of the United States, see section 932 (c).[1]
(b) Income connected with United States business—graduated rate of tax 

(1) Imposition of tax 
A nonresident alien individual engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year shall be taxable as provided in section 1 or 55 on his taxable income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(2) Determination of taxable income 
In determining taxable income for purposes of paragraph (1), gross income includes only gross income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(c) Participants in certain exchange or training programs 
For purposes of this section, a nonresident alien individual who (without regard to this subsection) is not engaged in trade or business within the United States and who is temporarily present in the United States as a nonimmigrant under subparagraph (F), (J), (M), or (Q) of section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101 (a)(15)(F), (J), (M), or (Q)), shall be treated as a nonresident alien individual engaged in trade or business within the United States, and any income described in the second sentence of section 1441 (b) which is received by such individual shall, to the extent derived from sources within the United States, be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(d) Election to treat real property income as income connected with United States business 

(1) In general 
A nonresident alien individual who during the taxable year derives any income
(A) from real property held for the production of income and located in the United States, or from any interest in such real property, including
(i)  gains from the sale or exchange of such real property or an interest therein,
(ii)  rents or royalties from mines, wells, or other natural deposits, and
(iii)  gains described in section 631 (b) or (c), and
(B) which, but for this subsection, would not be treated as income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States,

may elect for such taxable year to treat all such income as income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States. In such case, such income shall be taxable as provided in subsection (b)(1) whether or not such individual is engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year. An election under this paragraph for any taxable year shall remain in effect for all subsequent taxable years, except that it may be revoked with the consent of the Secretary with respect to any taxable year.

(2) Election after revocation 
If an election has been made under paragraph (1) and such election has been revoked, a new election may not be made under such paragraph for any taxable year before the 5th taxable year which begins after the first taxable year for which such revocation is effective, unless the Secretary consents to such new election.
(3) Form and time of election and revocation 
An election under paragraph (1), and any revocation of such an election, may be made only in such manner and at such time as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.
[(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1211(b)(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2536] 
(f) Certain annuities received under qualified plans 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this section, gross income does not include any amount received as an annuity under a qualified annuity plan described in section 403 (a)(1), or from a qualified trust described in section 401 (a) which is exempt from tax under section 501 (a), if
(A) all of the personal services by reason of which the annuity is payable were either
(i) personal services performed outside the United States by an individual who, at the time of performance of such personal services, was a nonresident alien, or
(ii) personal services described in section 864 (b)(1) performed within the United States by such individual, and
(B) at the time the first amount is paid as an annuity under the annuity plan or by the trust, 90 percent or more of the employees for whom contributions or benefits are provided under such annuity plan, or under the plan or plans of which the trust is a part, are citizens or residents of the United States.
(2) Exclusion 
Income received during the taxable year which would be excluded from gross income under this subsection but for the requirement of paragraph (1)(B) shall not be included in gross income if
(A) the recipients country of residence grants a substantially equivalent exclusion to residents and citizens of the United States; or
(B) the recipients country of residence is a beneficiary developing country under title V of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.).
(g) Special rules for original issue discount 
For purposes of this section and section 881
(1) Original issue discount obligation 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term original issue discount obligation means any bond or other evidence of indebtedness having original issue discount (within the meaning of section 1273).
(B) Exceptions 
The term original issue discount obligation shall not include
(i) Certain short-term obligations Any obligation payable 183 days or less from the date of original issue (without regard to the period held by the taxpayer).
(ii) Tax-exempt obligations Any obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103 or under any other provision of law without regard to the identity of the holder.
(2) Determination of portion of original issue discount accruing during any period 
The determination of the amount of the original issue discount which accrues during any period shall be made under the rules of section 1272 (or the corresponding provisions of prior law) without regard to any exception for short-term obligations.
(3) Source of original issue discount 
Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the determination of whether any amount described in subsection (a)(1)(C) is from sources within the United States shall be made at the time of the payment (or sale or exchange) as if such payment (or sale or exchange) involved the payment of interest.
(4) Stripped bonds 
The provisions of section 1286 (relating to the treatment of stripped bonds and stripped coupons as obligations with original issue discount) shall apply for purposes of this section.
(h) Repeal of tax on interest of nonresident alien individuals received from certain portfolio debt investments 

(1) In general 
In the case of any portfolio interest received by a nonresident individual from sources within the United States, no tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(C) of subsection (a).
(2) Portfolio interest 
For purposes of this subsection, the term portfolio interest means any interest (including original issue discount) which would be subject to tax under subsection (a) but for this subsection and which is described in any of the following subparagraphs:
(A) Certain obligations which are not registered 
Interest which is paid on any obligation which
(i) is not in registered form, and
(ii) is described in section 163 (f)(2)(B).
(B) Certain registered obligations 
Interest which is paid on an obligation
(i) which is in registered form, and
(ii) with respect to which the United States person who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold tax from such interest under section 1441 (a) receives a statement (which meets the requirements of paragraph (5)) that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a United States person.
(3) Portfolio interest not to include interest received by 10-percent shareholders 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term portfolio interest shall not include any interest described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2) which is received by a 10-percent shareholder.
(B) 10-Percent shareholder 
The term 10-percent shareholder means
(i) in the case of an obligation issued by a corporation, any person who owns 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or
(ii) in the case of an obligation issued by a partnership, any person who owns 10 percent or more of the capital or profits interest in such partnership.
(C) Attribution rules 
For purposes of determining ownership of stock under subparagraph (B)(i) the rules of section 318 (a) shall apply, except that
(i) section 318 (a)(2)(C) shall be applied without regard to the 50-percent limitation therein,
(ii) section 318 (a)(3)(C) shall be applied
(I) without regard to the 50-percent limitation therein; and
(II) in any case where such section would not apply but for subclause (I), by considering a corporation as owning the stock (other than stock in such corporation) which is owned by or for any shareholder of such corporation in that proportion which the value of the stock which such shareholder owns in such corporation bears to the value of all stock in such corporation, and
(iii) any stock which a person is treated as owning after application of section 318 (a)(4) shall not, for purposes of applying paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 318 (a), be treated as actually owned by such person.

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, rules similar to the rules of the preceding sentence shall be applied in determining the ownership of the capital or profits interest in a partnership for purposes of subparagraph (B)(ii).

(4) Portfolio interest not to include certain contingent interest 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term portfolio interest shall not include
(i) any interest if the amount of such interest is determined by reference to
(I) any receipts, sales or other cash flow of the debtor or a related person,
(II) any income or profits of the debtor or a related person,
(III) any change in value of any property of the debtor or a related person, or
(IV) any dividend, partnership distributions, or similar payments made by the debtor or a related person, or
(ii) any other type of contingent interest that is identified by the Secretary by regulation, where a denial of the portfolio interest exemption is necessary or appropriate to prevent avoidance of Federal income tax.
(B) Related person 
The term related person means any person who is related to the debtor within the meaning of section 267 (b) or 707 (b)(1), or who is a party to any arrangement undertaken for a purpose of avoiding the application of this paragraph.
(C) Exceptions 
Subparagraph (A)(i) shall not apply to
(i) any amount of interest solely by reason of the fact that the timing of any interest or principal payment is subject to a contingency,
(ii) any amount of interest solely by reason of the fact that the interest is paid with respect to nonrecourse or limited recourse indebtedness,
(iii) any amount of interest all or substantially all of which is determined by reference to any other amount of interest not described in subparagraph (A) (or by reference to the principal amount of indebtedness on which such other interest is paid),
(iv) any amount of interest solely by reason of the fact that the debtor or a related person enters into a hedging transaction to manage the risk of interest rate or currency fluctuations with respect to such interest,
(v) any amount of interest determined by reference to
(I) changes in the value of property (including stock) that is actively traded (within the meaning of section 1092 (d)) other than property described in section 897 (c)(1) or (g),
(II) the yield on property described in subclause (I), other than a debt instrument that pays interest described in subparagraph (A), or stock or other property that represents a beneficial interest in the debtor or a related person, or
(III) changes in any index of the value of property described in subclause (I) or of the yield on property described in subclause (II), and
(vi) any other type of interest identified by the Secretary by regulation.
(D) Exception for certain existing indebtedness 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any interest paid or accrued with respect to any indebtedness with a fixed term
(i) which was issued on or before April 7, 1993, or
(ii) which was issued after such date pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on such date and at all times thereafter before such indebtedness was issued.
(5) Certain statements 
A statement with respect to any obligation meets the requirements of this paragraph if such statement is made by
(A) the beneficial owner of such obligation, or
(B) a securities clearing organization, a bank, or other financial institution that holds customers securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business.

The preceding sentence shall not apply to any statement with respect to payment of interest on any obligation by any person if, at least one month before such payment, the Secretary has published a determination that any statement from such person (or any class including such person) does not meet the requirements of this paragraph.

(6) Secretary may provide subsection not to apply in cases of inadequate information exchange 

(A) In general 
If the Secretary determines that the exchange of information between the United States and a foreign country is inadequate to prevent evasion of the United States income tax by United States persons, the Secretary may provide in writing (and publish a statement) that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to payments of interest to any person within such foreign country (or payments addressed to, or for the account of, persons within such foreign country) during the period
(i) beginning on the date specified by the Secretary, and
(ii) ending on the date that the Secretary determines that the exchange of information between the United States and the foreign country is adequate to prevent the evasion of United States income tax by United States persons.
(B) Exception for certain obligations 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the payment of interest on any obligation which is issued on or before the date of the publication of the Secretarys determination under such subparagraph.
(7) Registered form 
For purposes of this subsection, the term registered form has the same meaning given such term by section 163 (f).
(i) Tax not to apply to certain interest and dividends 

(1) In general 
No tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(C) of subsection (a) on any amount described in paragraph (2).
(2) Amounts to which paragraph (1) applies 
The amounts described in this paragraph are as follows:
(A) Interest on deposits, if such interest is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(B) A percentage of any dividend paid by a domestic corporation meeting the 80-percent foreign business requirements of section 861 (c)(1) equal to the percentage determined for purposes of section 861 (c)(2)(A).
(C) Income derived by a foreign central bank of issue from bankers acceptances.
(D) Dividends paid by a foreign corporation which are treated under section 861 (a)(2)(B) as income from sources within the United States.
(3) Deposits 
For purposes of paragraph (2), the term deposits means amounts which are
(A) deposits with persons carrying on the banking business,
(B) deposits or withdrawable accounts with savings institutions chartered and supervised as savings and loan or similar associations under Federal or State law, but only to the extent that amounts paid or credited on such deposits or accounts are deductible under section 591 (determined without regard to sections 265 and 291) in computing the taxable income of such institutions, and
(C) amounts held by an insurance company under an agreement to pay interest thereon.
(j) Exemption for certain gambling winnings 
No tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1)(A) of subsection (a) on the proceeds from a wager placed in any of the following games: blackjack, baccarat, craps, roulette, or big-6 wheel. The preceding sentence shall not apply in any case where the Secretary determines by regulation that the collection of the tax is administratively feasible.
(k) Exemption for certain dividends of regulated investment companies 

(1) Interest-related dividends 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1)(A) of subsection (a) on any interest-related dividend received from a regulated investment company.
(B) Exceptions 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
(i) to any interest-related dividend received from a regulated investment company by a person to the extent such dividend is attributable to interest (other than interest described in subparagraph (E)(i) or (iii)) received by such company on indebtedness issued by such person or by any corporation or partnership with respect to which such person is a 10-percent shareholder,
(ii) to any interest-related dividend with respect to stock of a regulated investment company unless the person who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold tax from such dividend under chapter 3 receives a statement (which meets requirements similar to the requirements of subsection (h)(5)) that the beneficial owner of such stock is not a United States person, and
(iii) to any interest-related dividend paid to any person within a foreign country (or any interest-related dividend payment addressed to, or for the account of, persons within such foreign country) during any period described in subsection (h)(6) with respect to such country.

Clause (iii) shall not apply to any dividend with respect to any stock which was acquired on or before the date of the publication of the Secretarys determination under subsection (h)(6).

(C) Interest-related dividend 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term interest-related dividend means any dividend (or part thereof) which is designated by the regulated investment company as an interest-related dividend in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year. If the aggregate amount so designated with respect to a taxable year of the company (including amounts so designated with respect to dividends paid after the close of the taxable year described in section 855) is greater than the qualified net interest income of the company for such taxable year, the portion of each distribution which shall be an interest-related dividend shall be only that portion of the amounts so designated which such qualified net interest income bears to the aggregate amount so designated. Such term shall not include any dividend with respect to any taxable year of the company beginning after December 31, 2007.
(D) Qualified net interest income 
For purposes of subparagraph (C), the term qualified net interest income means the qualified interest income of the regulated investment company reduced by the deductions properly allocable to such income.
(E) Qualified interest income 
For purposes of subparagraph (D), the term qualified interest income means the sum of the following amounts derived by the regulated investment company from sources within the United States:
(i) Any amount includible in gross income as original issue discount (within the meaning of section 1273) on an obligation payable 183 days or less from the date of original issue (without regard to the period held by the company).
(ii) Any interest includible in gross income (including amounts recognized as ordinary income in respect of original issue discount or market discount or acquisition discount under part V of subchapter P and such other amounts as regulations may provide) on an obligation which is in registered form; except that this clause shall not apply to
(I) any interest on an obligation issued by a corporation or partnership if the regulated investment company is a 10-percent shareholder in such corporation or partnership, and
(II) any interest which is treated as not being portfolio interest under the rules of subsection (h)(4).
(iii) Any interest referred to in subsection (i)(2)(A) (without regard to the trade or business of the regulated investment company).
(iv) Any interest-related dividend includable in gross income with respect to stock of another regulated investment company.
(F) 10-percent shareholder 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term 10-percent shareholder has the meaning given such term by subsection (h)(3)(B).
(2) Short-term capital gain dividends 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1)(A) of subsection (a) on any short-term capital gain dividend received from a regulated investment company.
(B) Exception for aliens taxable under subsection (a)(2) 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of any nonresident alien individual subject to tax under subsection (a)(2).
(C) Short-term capital gain dividend 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term short-term capital gain dividend means any dividend (or part thereof) which is designated by the regulated investment company as a short-term capital gain dividend in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year. If the aggregate amount so designated with respect to a taxable year of the company (including amounts so designated with respect to dividends paid after the close of the taxable year described in section 855) is greater than the qualified short-term gain of the company for such taxable year, the portion of each distribution which shall be a short-term capital gain dividend shall be only that portion of the amounts so designated which such qualified short-term gain bears to the aggregate amount so designated. Such term shall not include any dividend with respect to any taxable year of the company beginning after December 31, 2007.
(D) Qualified short-term gain 
For purposes of subparagraph (C), the term qualified short-term gain means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of the regulated investment company for the taxable year over the net long-term capital loss (if any) of such company for such taxable year. For purposes of this subparagraph
(i) the net short-term capital gain of the regulated investment company shall be computed by treating any short-term capital gain dividend includible in gross income with respect to stock of another regulated investment company as a short-term capital gain, and
(ii) the excess of the net short-term capital gain for a taxable year over the net long-term capital loss for a taxable year (to which an election under section 4982 (e)(4) does not apply) shall be determined without regard to any net capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to transactions after October 31 of such year, and any such net capital loss or net short-term capital loss shall be treated as arising on the 1st day of the next taxable year.

To the extent provided in regulations, clause (ii) shall apply also for purposes of computing the taxable income of the regulated investment company.

(E) Certain distributions 
In the case of a distribution to which section 897 does not apply by reason of the second sentence of section 897 (h)(1), the amount which would be treated as a short-term capital gain dividend to the shareholder (without regard to this subparagraph)
(i) shall not be treated as a short-term capital gain dividend, and
(ii) shall be included in such shareholders gross income as a dividend from the regulated investment company.
(l) Cross references 

(1) For tax treatment of certain amounts distributed by the United States to nonresident alien individuals, see section 402 (e)(2).
(2) For taxation of nonresident alien individuals who are expatriate United States citizens, see section 877.
(3) For doubling of tax on citizens of certain foreign countries, see section 891.
(4) For adjustment of tax in case of nationals or residents of certain foreign countries, see section 896.
(5) For withholding of tax at source on nonresident alien individuals, see section 1441.
(6) For election to treat married nonresident alien individual as resident of United States in certain cases, see subsections (g) and (h) of section 6013.
(7) For special tax treatment of gain or loss from the disposition by a nonresident alien individual of a United States real property interest, see section 897.
[1] See References in Text note below.

26 USC 872 - Gross income

(a) General rule 
In the case of a nonresident alien individual, except where the context clearly indicates otherwise, gross income includes only
(1) gross income which is derived from sources within the United States and which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and
(2) gross income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(b) Exclusions 
The following items shall not be included in gross income of a nonresident alien individual, and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle:
(1) Ships operated by certain nonresidents 
Gross income derived by an individual resident of a foreign country from the international operation of a ship or ships if such foreign country grants an equivalent exemption to individual residents of the United States.
(2) Aircraft operated by certain nonresidents 
Gross income derived by an individual resident of a foreign country from the international operation of aircraft if such foreign country grants an equivalent exemption to individual residents of the United States.
(3) Compensation of participants in certain exchange or training programs 
Compensation paid by a foreign employer to a nonresident alien individual for the period he is temporarily present in the United States as a nonimmigrant under subparagraph (F), (J), or (Q) of section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. For purposes of this paragraph, the term foreign employer means
(A) a nonresident alien individual, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation, or
(B) an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the United States by a domestic corporation, a domestic partnership, or an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States.
(4) Certain bond income of residents of the Ryukyu Islands or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 
Income derived by a nonresident alien individual from a series E or series H United States savings bond, if such individual acquired such bond while a resident of the Ryukyu Islands or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(5) Income derived from wagering transactions in certain parimutuel pools 
Gross income derived by a nonresident alien individual from a legal wagering transaction initiated outside the United States in a parimutuel pool with respect to a live horse race or dog race in the United States.
(6) Certain rental income 
Income to which paragraphs (1) and (2) apply shall include income which is derived from the rental on a full or bareboat basis of a ship or ships or aircraft, as the case may be.
(7) Application to different types of transportation 
The Secretary may provide that this subsection be applied separately with respect to income from different types of transportation.
(8) Treatment of possessions 
To the extent provided in regulations, a possession of the United States shall be treated as a foreign country for purposes of this subsection.

26 USC 873 - Deductions

(a) General rule 
In the case of a nonresident alien individual, the deductions shall be allowed only for purposes of section 871 (b) and (except as provided by subsection (b)) only if and to the extent that they are connected with income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; and the proper apportionment and allocation of the deductions for this purpose shall be determined as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(b) Exceptions 
The following deductions shall be allowed whether or not they are connected with income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States:
(1) Losses 
The deduction allowed by section 165 for casualty or theft losses described in paragraph (2) or (3) of section 165 (c), but only if the loss is of property located within the United States.
(2) Charitable contributions 
The deduction for charitable contributions and gifts allowed by section 170.
(3) Personal exemption 
The deduction for personal exemptions allowed by section 151, except that only one exemption shall be allowed under section 151 unless the taxpayer is a resident of a contiguous country or is a national of the United States.
(c) Cross reference 
For rule that certain foreign taxes are not to be taken into account in determining deduction or credit, see section 906 (b)(1).

26 USC 874 - Allowance of deductions and credits

(a) Return prerequisite to allowance 
A nonresident alien individual shall receive the benefit of the deductions and credits allowed to him in this subtitle only by filing or causing to be filed with the Secretary a true and accurate return, in the manner prescribed in subtitle F (sec. 6001 and following, relating to procedure and administration), including therein all the information which the Secretary may deem necessary for the calculation of such deductions and credits. This subsection shall not be construed to deny the credits provided by sections 31 and 33 for tax withheld at source or the credit provided by section 34 for certain uses of gasoline and special fuels.
(b) Tax withheld at source 
The benefit of the deduction for exemptions under section 151 may, in the discretion of the Secretary, and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be received by a non-resident alien individual entitled thereto, by filing a claim therefor with the withholding agent.
(c) Foreign tax credit 
Except as provided in section 906, a nonresident alien individual shall not be allowed the credits against the tax for taxes of foreign countries and possessions of the United States allowed by section 901.

26 USC 875 - Partnerships; beneficiaries of estates and trusts

For purposes of this subtitle
(1) a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation shall be considered as being engaged in a trade or business within the United States if the partnership of which such individual or corporation is a member is so engaged, and
(2) a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation which is a beneficiary of an estate or trust which is engaged in any trade or business within the United States shall be treated as being engaged in such trade or business within the United States.

26 USC 876 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands

(a) General rule 
This subpart shall not apply to any alien individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands during the entire taxable year and such alien shall be subject to the tax imposed by section 1.
(b) Cross references 
For exclusion from gross income of income derived from sources within
(1) Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, see section 931, and
(2) Puerto Rico, see section 933.

26 USC 877 - Expatriation to avoid tax

(a) Treatment of expatriates 

(1) In general 
Every nonresident alien individual to whom this section applies and who, within the 10-year period immediately preceding the close of the taxable year, lost United States citizenship shall be taxable for such taxable year in the manner provided in subsection (b) if the tax imposed pursuant to such subsection (after any reduction in such tax under the last sentence of such subsection) exceeds the tax which, without regard to this section, is imposed pursuant to section 871.
(2) Individuals subject to this section 
This section shall apply to any individual if
(A) the average annual net income tax (as defined in section 38(c)(1)) of such individual for the period of 5 taxable years ending before the date of the loss of United States citizenship is greater than $124,000,
(B) the net worth of the individual as of such date is $2,000,000 or more, or
(C) such individual fails to certify under penalty of perjury that he has met the requirements of this title for the 5 preceding taxable years or fails to submit such evidence of such compliance as the Secretary may require.

In the case of the loss of United States citizenship in any calendar year after 2004, such $124,000 amount shall be increased by an amount equal to such dollar amount multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1 (f)(3) for such calendar year by substituting 2003 for 1992 in subparagraph (B) thereof. Any increase under the preceding sentence shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $1,000.

(b) Alternative tax 
A nonresident alien individual described in subsection (a) shall be taxable for the taxable year as provided in section 1 or 55, except that
(1) the gross income shall include only the gross income described in section 872 (a) (as modified by subsection (d) of this section), and
(2) the deductions shall be allowed if and to the extent that they are connected with the gross income included under this section, except that the capital loss carryover provided by section 1212 (b) shall not be allowed; and the proper allocation and apportionment of the deductions for this purpose shall be determined as provided under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

For purposes of paragraph (2), the deductions allowed by section 873 (b) shall be allowed; and the deduction (for losses not connected with the trade or business if incurred in transactions entered into for profit) allowed by section 165 (c)(2) shall be allowed, but only if the profit, if such transaction had resulted in a profit, would be included in gross income under this section. The tax imposed solely by reason of this section shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes (within the meaning of section 903) paid to any foreign country or possession of the United States on any income of the taxpayer on which tax is imposed solely by reason of this section.

(c) Exceptions 

(1) In general 
Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2) shall not apply to an individual described in paragraph (2) or (3).
(2) Dual citizens 

(A) In general 
An individual is described in this paragraph if
(i) the individual became at birth a citizen of the United States and a citizen of another country and continues to be a citizen of such other country, and
(ii) the individual has had no substantial contacts with the United States.
(B) Substantial contacts 
An individual shall be treated as having no substantial contacts with the United States only if the individual
(i) was never a resident of the United States (as defined in section 7701 (b)),
(ii) has never held a United States passport, and
(iii) was not present in the United States for more than 30 days during any calendar year which is 1 of the 10 calendar years preceding the individuals loss of United States citizenship.
(3) Certain minors 
An individual is described in this paragraph if
(A) the individual became at birth a citizen of the United States,
(B) neither parent of such individual was a citizen of the United States at the time of such birth,
(C) the individuals loss of United States citizenship occurs before such individual attains age 181/2, and
(D) the individual was not present in the United States for more than 30 days during any calendar year which is 1 of the 10 calendar years preceding the individuals loss of United States citizenship.
(d) Special rules for source, etc. 
For purposes of subsection (b)
(1) Source rules 
The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources within the United States:
(A) Sale of property 
Gains on the sale or exchange of property (other than stock or debt obligations) located in the United States.
(B) Stock or debt obligations 
Gains on the sale or exchange of stock issued by a domestic corporation or debt obligations of United States persons or of the United States, a State or political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia.
(C) Income or gain derived from controlled foreign corporation 
Any income or gain derived from stock in a foreign corporation but only
(i) if the individual losing United States citizenship owned (within the meaning of section 958 (a)), or is considered as owning (by applying the ownership rules of section 958 (b)), at any time during the 2-year period ending on the date of the loss of United States citizenship, more than 50 percent of
(I) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such corporation, or
(II) the total value of the stock of such corporation, and
(ii) to the extent such income or gain does not exceed the earnings and profits attributable to such stock which were earned or accumulated before the loss of citizenship and during periods that the ownership requirements of clause (i) are met.
(2) Gain recognition on certain exchanges 

(A) In general 
In the case of any exchange of property to which this paragraph applies, notwithstanding any other provision of this title, such property shall be treated as sold for its fair market value on the date of such exchange, and any gain shall be recognized for the taxable year which includes such date.
(B) Exchanges to which paragraph applies 
This paragraph shall apply to any exchange during the 10-year period beginning on the date the individual loses United States citizenship if
(i) gain would not (but for this paragraph) be recognized on such exchange in whole or in part for purposes of this subtitle,
(ii) income derived from such property was from sources within the United States (or, if no income was so derived, would have been from such sources), and
(iii) income derived from the property acquired in the exchange would be from sources outside the United States.
(C) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the individual enters into an agreement with the Secretary which specifies that any income or gain derived from the property acquired in the exchange (or any other property which has a basis determined in whole or part by reference to such property) during such 10-year period shall be treated as from sources within the United States. If the property transferred in the exchange is disposed of by the person acquiring such property, such agreement shall terminate and any gain which was not recognized by reason of such agreement shall be recognized as of the date of such disposition.
(D) Secretary may extend period 
To the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting the 15-year period beginning 5 years before the loss of United States citizenship for the 10-year period referred to therein. In the case of any exchange occurring during such 5 years, any gain recognized under this subparagraph shall be recognized immediately after such loss of citizenship.
(E) Secretary may require recognition of gain in certain cases 
To the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary
(i) the removal of appreciated tangible personal property from the United States, and
(ii) any other occurrence which (without recognition of gain) results in a change in the source of the income or gain from property from sources within the United States to sources outside the United States,

shall be treated as an exchange to which this paragraph applies.

(3) Substantial diminishing of risks of ownership 
For purposes of determining whether this section applies to any gain on the sale or exchange of any property, the running of the 10-year period described in subsection (a) and the period applicable under paragraph (2) shall be suspended for any period during which the individuals risk of loss with respect to the property is substantially diminished by
(A) the holding of a put with respect to such property (or similar property),
(B) the holding by another person of a right to acquire the property, or
(C) a short sale or any other transaction.
(4) Treatment of property contributed to controlled foreign corporations 

(A) In general 
If
(i) an individual losing United States citizenship contributes property during the 10-year period beginning on the date the individual loses United States citizenship to any corporation which, at the time of the contribution, is described in subparagraph (B), and
(ii) income derived from such property immediately before such contribution was from sources within the United States (or, if no income was so derived, would have been from such sources),

any income or gain on such property (or any other property which has a basis determined in whole or part by reference to such property) received or accrued by the corporation shall be treated as received or accrued directly by such individual and not by such corporation. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent the property has been treated under subparagraph (C) as having been sold by such corporation.

(B) Corporation described 
A corporation is described in this subparagraph with respect to an individual if, were such individual a United States citizen
(i) such corporation would be a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in[1] 957), and
(ii) such individual would be a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951 (b)) with respect to such corporation.
(C) Disposition of stock in corporation 
If stock in the corporation referred to in subparagraph (A) (or any other stock which has a basis determined in whole or part by reference to such stock) is disposed of during the 10-year period referred to in subsection (a) and while the property referred to in subparagraph (A) is held by such corporation, a pro rata share of such property (determined on the basis of the value of such stock) shall be treated as sold by the corporation immediately before such disposition.
(D) Anti-abuse rules 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this paragraph, including where
(i) the property is sold to the corporation, and
(ii) the property taken into account under subparagraph (A) is sold by the corporation.
(E) Information reporting 
The Secretary shall require such information reporting as is necessary to carry out the purposes of this paragraph.
(e) Comparable treatment of lawful permanent residents who cease to be taxed as residents 

(1) In general 
Any long-term resident of the United States who
(A) ceases to be a lawful permanent resident of the United States (within the meaning of section 7701 (b)(6)), or
(B) commences to be treated as a resident of a foreign country under the provisions of a tax treaty between the United States and the foreign country and who does not waive the benefits of such treaty applicable to residents of the foreign country,

shall be treated for purposes of this section and sections 2107, 2501, and 6039G in the same manner as if such resident were a citizen of the United States who lost United States citizenship on the date of such cessation or commencement.

(2) Long-term resident 
For purposes of this subsection, the term long-term resident means any individual (other than a citizen of the United States) who is a lawful permanent resident of the United States in at least 8 taxable years during the period of 15 taxable years ending with the taxable year during which the event described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) occurs. For purposes of the preceding sentence, an individual shall not be treated as a lawful permanent resident for any taxable year if such individual is treated as a resident of a foreign country for the taxable year under the provisions of a tax treaty between the United States and the foreign country and does not waive the benefits of such treaty applicable to residents of the foreign country.
(3) Special rules 

(A) Exceptions not to apply 
Subsection (c) shall not apply to an individual who is treated as provided in paragraph (1).
(B) Step-up in basis 
Solely for purposes of determining any tax imposed by reason of this subsection, property which was held by the long-term resident on the date the individual first became a resident of the United States shall be treated as having a basis on such date of not less than the fair market value of such property on such date. The preceding sentence shall not apply if the individual elects not to have such sentence apply. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
(4) Authority to exempt individuals 
This subsection shall not apply to an individual who is described in a category of individuals prescribed by regulation by the Secretary.
(5) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out this subsection, including regulations providing for the application of this subsection in cases where an alien individual becomes a resident of the United States during the 10-year period after being treated as provided in paragraph (1).
(f) Burden of proof 
If the Secretary establishes that it is reasonable to believe that an individuals loss of United States citizenship would, but for this section, result in a substantial reduction for the taxable year in the taxes on his probable income for such year, the burden of proving for such taxable year that such loss of citizenship did not have for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of taxes under this subtitle or subtitle B shall be on such individual.
(g) Physical presence 

(1) In general 
This section shall not apply to any individual to whom this section would otherwise apply for any taxable year during the 10-year period referred to in subsection (a) in which such individual is physically present in the United States at any time on more than 30 days in the calendar year ending in such taxable year, and such individual shall be treated for purposes of this title as a citizen or resident of the United States, as the case may be, for such taxable year.
(2) Exception 

(A) In general 
In the case of an individual described in any of the following subparagraphs of this paragraph, a day of physical presence in the United States shall be disregarded if the individual is performing services in the United States on such day for an employer. The preceding sentence shall not apply if
(i) such employer is related (within the meaning of section 267 and 707) to such individual, or
(ii) such employer fails to meet such requirements as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this paragraph.

Not more than 30 days during any calendar year may be disregarded under this subparagraph.

(B) Individuals with ties to other countries 
An individual is described in this subparagraph if
(i) the individual becomes (not later than the close of a reasonable period after loss of United States citizenship or termination of residency) a citizen or resident of the country in which
(I) such individual was born,
(II) if such individual is married, such individuals spouse was born, or
(III) either of such individuals parents were born, and
(ii) the individual becomes fully liable for income tax in such country.
(C) Minimal prior physical presence in the United States 
An individual is described in this subparagraph if, for each year in the 10-year period ending on the date of loss of United States citizenship or termination of residency, the individual was physically present in the United States for 30 days or less. The rule of section 7701 (b)(3)(D) shall apply for purposes of this subparagraph.
[1] So in original. Probably should be followed by “section”.

26 USC 878 - Foreign educational, charitable, and certain other exempt organizations

For special provisions relating to foreign educational, charitable, and other exempt organizations, see sections 512 (a) and 4948.

26 USC 879 - Tax treatment of certain community income in the case of nonresident alien individuals

(a) General rule 
In the case of a married couple 1 or both of whom are nonresident alien individuals and who have community income for the taxable year, such community income shall be treated as follows:
(1) Earned income (within the meaning of section 911 (d)(2)), other than trade or business income and a partners distributive share of partnership income, shall be treated as the income of the spouse who rendered the personal services,
(2) Trade or business income, and a partners distributive share of partnership income, shall be treated as provided in section 1402 (a)(5),
(3) Community income not described in paragraph (1) or (2) which is derived from the separate property (as determined under the applicable community property law) of one spouse shall be treated as the income of such spouse, and
(4) All other such community income shall be treated as provided in the applicable community property law.
(b) Exception where election under section 6013 (g) is in effect 
Subsection (a) shall not apply for any taxable year for which an election under subsection (g) or (h) of section 6013 (relating to election to treat nonresident alien individual as resident of the United States) is in effect.
(c) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Community income 
The term community income means income which, under applicable community property laws, is treated as community income.
(2) Community property laws 
The term community property laws means the community property laws of a State, a foreign country, or a possession of the United States.
(3) Determination of marital status 
The determination of marital status shall be made under section 7703 (a).

Subpart B - Foreign Corporations

26 USC 881 - Tax on income of foreign corporations not connected with United States business

(a) Imposition of tax 
Except as provided in subsection (c), there is hereby imposed for each taxable year a tax of 30 percent of the amount received from sources within the United States by a foreign corporation as
(1) interest (other than original issue discount as defined in section 1273), dividends, rents, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensations, remunerations, emoluments, and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits, and income,
(2) gains described in section 631 (b) or (c),
(3) in the case of
(A) a sale or exchange of an original issue discount obligation, the amount of the original issue discount accruing while such obligation was held by the foreign corporation (to the extent such discount was not theretofore taken into account under subparagraph (B)), and
(B) a payment on an original issue discount obligation, an amount equal to the original issue discount accruing while such obligation was held by the foreign corporation (except that such original issue discount shall be taken into account under this subparagraph only to the extent such discount was not theretofore taken into account under this subparagraph and only to the extent that the tax thereon does not exceed the payment less the tax imposed by paragraph (1) thereon), and
(4) gains from the sale or exchange after October 4, 1966, of patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property, or of any interest in any such property, to the extent such gains are from payments which are contingent on the productivity, use, or disposition of the property or interest sold or exchanged,

but only to the extent the amount so received is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(b) Exception for certain possessions 

(1) Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands 
For purposes of this section and section 884, a corporation created or organized in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands or under the law of any such possession shall not be treated as a foreign corporation for any taxable year if
(A) at all times during such taxable year less than 25 percent in value of the stock of such corporation is beneficially owned (directly or indirectly) by foreign persons,
(B) at least 65 percent of the gross income of such corporation is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary to be effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in such a possession or the United States for the 3-year period ending with the close of the taxable year of such corporation (or for such part of such period as the corporation or any predecessor has been in existence), and
(C) no substantial part of the income of such corporation is used (directly or indirectly) to satisfy obligations to persons who are not bona fide residents of such a possession or the United States.
(2) Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 

(A) In general 
If dividends are received during a taxable year by a corporation
(i) created or organized in, or under the law of, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and
(ii) with respect to which the requirements of subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1) are met for the taxable year,

subsection (a) shall be applied for such taxable year by substituting 10 percent for 30 percent.

(B) Applicability 
If, on or after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, an increase in the rate of the Commonwealth of Puerto Ricos withholding tax which is generally applicable to dividends paid to United States corporations not engaged in a trade or business in the Commonwealth to a rate greater than 10 percent takes effect, this paragraph shall not apply to dividends received on or after the effective date of the increase.
(3) Definitions 

(A) Foreign person 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term foreign person means any person other than
(i) a United States person, or
(ii) a person who would be a United States person if references to the United States in section 7701 included references to a possession of the United States.
(B) Indirect ownership rules 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the rules of section 318 (a)(2) shall apply except that 5 percent shall be substituted for 50 percent in subparagraph (C) thereof.
(c) Repeal of tax on interest of foreign corporations received from certain portfolio debt investments 

(1) In general 
In the case of any portfolio interest received by a foreign corporation from sources within the United States, no tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (a).
(2) Portfolio interest 
For purposes of this subsection, the term portfolio interest means any interest (including original issue discount) which would be subject to tax under subsection (a) but for this subsection and which is described in any of the following subparagraphs:
(A) Certain obligations which are not registered 
Interest which is paid on any obligation which is described in section 871 (h)(2)(A).
(B) Certain registered obligations 
Interest which is paid on an obligation
(i) which is in registered form, and
(ii) with respect to which the person who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold tax from such interest under section 1442 (a) receives a statement which meets the requirements of section 871 (h)(5) that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a United States person.
(3) Portfolio interest shall not include interest received by certain persons 
For purposes of this subsection, the term portfolio interest shall not include any portfolio interest which
(A) except in the case of interest paid on an obligation of the United States, is received by a bank on an extension of credit made pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business,
(B) is received by a 10-percent shareholder (within the meaning of section 871 (h)(3)(B)), or
(C) is received by a controlled foreign corporation from a related person (within the meaning of section 864 (d)(4)).
(4) Portfolio interest not to include certain contingent interest 
For purposes of this subsection, the term portfolio interest shall not include any interest which is treated as not being portfolio interest under the rules of section 871 (h)(4).
(5) Special rules for controlled foreign corporations 

(A) In general 
In the case of any portfolio interest received by a controlled foreign corporation, the following provisions shall not apply:
(i) Subparagraph (A) of section 954 (b)(3) (relating to exception where foreign base company income is less than 5 percent or $1,000,000).
(ii) Paragraph (4) of section 954 (b) (relating to exception for certain income subject to high foreign taxes).
(iii) Clause (i) of section 954 (c)(3)(A) (relating to certain income received from related persons).
(B) Controlled foreign corporation 
For purposes of this subsection, the term controlled foreign corporation has the meaning given to such term by section 957 (a).
(6) Secretary may cease application of this subsection 
Under rules similar to the rules of section 871 (h)(6), the Secretary may provide that this subsection shall not apply to payments of interest described in section 871 (h)(6).
(7) Registered form 
For purposes of this subsection, the term registered form has the meaning given such term by section 163 (f).
(d) Tax not to apply to certain interest and dividends 
No tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (a) on any amount described in section 871 (i)(2).
(e) Tax not to apply to certain dividends of regulated investment companies 

(1) Interest-related dividends 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) on any interest-related dividend (as defined in section 871 (k)(1)) received from a regulated investment company.
(B) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
(i) to any dividend referred to in section 871 (k)(1)(B), and
(ii) to any interest-related dividend received by a controlled foreign corporation (within the meaning of section 957 (a)) to the extent such dividend is attributable to interest received by the regulated investment company from a person who is a related person (within the meaning of section 864 (d)(4)) with respect to such controlled foreign corporation.
(C) Treatment of dividends received by controlled foreign corporations 
The rules of subsection (c)(5)(A) shall apply to any interest-related dividend received by a controlled foreign corporation (within the meaning of section 957 (a)) to the extent such dividend is attributable to interest received by the regulated investment company which is described in clause (ii) of section 871 (k)(1)(E) (and not described in clause (i) or (iii) of such section).
(2) Short-term capital gain dividends 
No tax shall be imposed under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) on any short-term capital gain dividend (as defined in section 871 (k)(2)) received from a regulated investment company.
(f) Cross reference 
For doubling of tax on corporations of certain foreign countries, see section 891. For special rules for original issue discount, see section 871 (g).

26 USC 882 - Tax on income of foreign corporations connected with United States business

(a) Imposition of tax 

(1) In general 
A foreign corporation engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year shall be taxable as provided in section 11, 55, 59A, or 1201 (a) on its taxable income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(2) Determination of taxable income 
In determining taxable income for purposes of paragraph (1), gross income includes only gross income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(3) [Cross reference 1] 
For special tax treatment of gain or loss from the disposition by a foreign corporation of a United States real property interest, see section 897.
(b) Gross income 
In the case of a foreign corporation, except where the context clearly indicates otherwise, gross income includes only
(1) gross income which is derived from sources within the United States and which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and
(2) gross income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(c) Allowance of deductions and credits 

(1) Allocation of deductions 

(A) General rule 
In the case of a foreign corporation, the deductions shall be allowed only for purposes of subsection (a) and (except as provided by subparagraph (B)) only if and to the extent that they are connected with income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; and the proper apportionment and allocation of the deductions for this purpose shall be determined as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(B) Charitable contributions 
The deduction for charitable contributions and gifts provided by section 170 shall be allowed whether or not connected with income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(2) Deductions and credits allowed only if return filed 
A foreign corporation shall receive the benefit of the deductions and credits allowed to it in this subtitle only by filing or causing to be filed with the Secretary a true and accurate return, in the manner prescribed in subtitle F, including therein all the information which the Secretary may deem necessary for the calculation of such deductions and credits. The preceding sentence shall not apply for purposes of the tax imposed by section 541 (relating to personal holding company tax), and shall not be construed to deny the credit provided by section 33 for tax withheld at source or the credit provided by section 34 for certain uses of gasoline.
(3) Foreign tax credit 
Except as provided by section 906, foreign corporations shall not be allowed the credit against the tax for taxes of foreign countries and possessions of the United States allowed by section 901.
(4) Cross reference 
For rule that certain foreign taxes are not to be taken into account in determining deduction or credit, see section 906 (b)(1).
(d) Election to treat real property income as income connected with United States business 

(1) In general 
A foreign corporation which during the taxable year derives any income
(A) from real property located in the United States, or from any interest in such real property, including
(i)  gains from the sale or exchange of real property or an interest therein,
(ii)  rents or royalties from mines, wells, or other natural deposits, and
(iii)  gains described in section 631 (b) or (c), and
(B) which, but for this subsection, would not be treated as income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States,

may elect for such taxable year to treat all such income as income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States. In such case, such income shall be taxable as provided in subsection (a)(1) whether or not such corporation is engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year. An election under this paragraph for any taxable year shall remain in effect for all subsequent taxable years, except that it may be revoked with the consent of the Secretary with respect to any taxable year.

(2) Election after revocation, etc. 
Paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 871 (d) shall apply in respect of elections under this subsection in the same manner and to the same extent as they apply in respect of elections under section 871 (d).
(e) Interest on United States obligations received by banks organized in possessions 
In the case of a corporation created or organized in, or under the law of, a possession of the United States which is carrying on the banking business in a possession of the United States, interest on obligations of the United States which is not portfolio interest (as defined in section 881 (c)(2)) shall
(1) for purposes of this subpart, be treated as income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and
(2) shall be taxable as provided in subsection (a)(1) whether or not such corporation is engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year.
(f) Returns of tax by agent 
If any foreign corporation has no office or place of business in the United States but has an agent in the United States, the return required under section 6012 shall be made by the agent.
[1] Par. (3) heading editorially supplied.

26 USC 883 - Exclusions from gross income

(a) Income of foreign corporations from ships and aircraft 
The following items shall not be included in gross income of a foreign corporation, and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle:
(1) Ships operated by certain foreign corporations 
Gross income derived by a corporation organized in a foreign country from the international operation of a ship or ships if such foreign country grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the United States.
(2) Aircraft operated by certain foreign corporations 
Gross income derived by a corporation organized in a foreign country from the international operation of aircraft if such foreign country grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the United States.
(3) Railroad rolling stock of foreign corporations 
Earnings derived from payments by a common carrier for the use on a temporary basis (not expected to exceed a total of 90 days in any taxable year) of railroad rolling stock owned by a corporation of a foreign country which grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the United States.
(4) Special rules 
The rules of paragraphs (6), (7), and (8) of section 872 (b) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.
(5) Special rule for countries which tax on residence basis 
For purposes of this subsection, there shall not be taken into account any failure of a foreign country to grant an exemption to a corporation organized in the United States if such corporation is subject to tax by such foreign country on a residence basis pursuant to provisions of foreign law which meets such standards (if any) as the Secretary may prescribe.
(b) Earnings derived from communications satellite system 
The earnings derived from the ownership or operation of a communications satellite system by a foreign entity designated by a foreign government to participate in such ownership or operation shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle, if the United States, through its designated entity, participates in such system pursuant to the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 (47 U.S.C. 701 and following).
(c) Treatment of certain foreign corporations 

(1) In general 
Paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) (as the case may be) shall not apply to any foreign corporation if 50 percent or more of the value of the stock of such corporation is owned by individuals who are not residents of such foreign country or another foreign country meeting the requirements of such paragraph.
(2) Treatment of controlled foreign corporations 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any foreign corporation which is a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957 (a)).
(3) Special rules for publicly traded corporations 

(A) Exception 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any corporation which is organized in a foreign country meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) (as the case may be) and the stock of which is primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in such foreign country, another foreign country meeting the requirements of such paragraph, or the United States.
(B) Treatment of stock owned by publicly traded corporation 
Any stock in another corporation which is owned (directly or indirectly) by a corporation meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as owned by individuals who are residents of the foreign country in which the corporation meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A) is organized.
(4) Stock ownership through entities 
For purposes of paragraph (1), stock owned (directly or indirectly) by or for a corporation, partnership, trust, or estate shall be treated as being owned proportionately by its shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.

26 USC 884 - Branch profits tax

(a) Imposition of tax 
In addition to the tax imposed by section 882 for any taxable year, there is hereby imposed on any foreign corporation a tax equal to 30 percent of the dividend equivalent amount for the taxable year.
(b) Dividend equivalent amount 
For purposes of subsection (a), the term dividend equivalent amount means the foreign corporations effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year adjusted as provided in this subsection:
(1) Reduction for increase in U.S. net equity 
If
(A) the U.S. net equity of the foreign corporation as of the close of the taxable year, exceeds
(B) the U.S. net equity of the foreign corporation as of the close of the preceding taxable year,

the effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of such excess.

(2) Increase for decrease in net equity 

(A) In general 
If
(i) the U.S. net equity of the foreign corporation as of the close of the preceding taxable year, exceeds
(ii) the U.S. net equity of the foreign corporation as of the close of the taxable year,

the effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year shall be increased by the amount of such excess.

(B) Limitation 

(i) In general The increase under subparagraph (A) for any taxable year shall not exceed the accumulated effectively connected earnings and profits as of the close of the preceding taxable year.
(ii) Accumulated effectively connected earnings and profits For purposes of clause (i), the term accumulated effectively connected earnings and profits means the excess of
(I) the aggregate effectively connected earnings and profits for preceding taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, over
(II) the aggregate dividend equivalent amounts determined for such preceding taxable years.
(c) U.S. net equity 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
The term U.S. net equity means
(A) U.S. assets, reduced (including below zero) by
(B) U.S. liabilities.
(2) U.S. assets and U.S. liabilities 
For purposes of paragraph (1)
(A) U.S. assets 
The term U.S. assets means the money and aggregate adjusted bases of property of the foreign corporation treated as connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the adjusted basis of any property shall be its adjusted basis for purposes of computing earnings and profits.
(B) U.S. liabilities 
The term U.S. liabilities means the liabilities of the foreign corporation treated as connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(C) Regulations to be consistent with allocation of deductions 
The regulations prescribed under subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be consistent with the allocation of deductions under section 882 (c)(1).
(d) Effectively connected earnings and profits 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
The term effectively connected earnings and profits means earnings and profits (without diminution by reason of any distributions made during the taxable year) which are attributable to income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(2) Exception for certain income 
The term effectively connected earnings and profits shall not include any earnings and profits attributable to
(A) income not includible in gross income under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 883 (a),
(B) income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States under section 921 (d) or 926 (b) (as in effect before their repeal by the FSC Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act of 2000),
(C) gain on the disposition of a United States real property interest described in section 897 (c)(1)(A)(ii),
(D) income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States under section 953 (c)(3)(C), or
(E) income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States under section 882 (e).

Property and liabilities of the foreign corporation treated as connected with such income under regulations prescribed by the Secretary shall not be taken into account in determining the U.S. assets or U.S. liabilities of the foreign corporation.

(e) Coordination with income tax treaties; etc. 

(1) Limitation on treaty exemption 
No treaty between the United States and a foreign country shall exempt any foreign corporation from the tax imposed by subsection (a) (or reduce the amount thereof) unless
(A) such treaty is an income tax treaty, and
(B) such foreign corporation is a qualified resident of such foreign country.
(2) Treaty modifications 
If a foreign corporation is a qualified resident of a foreign country with which the United States has an income tax treaty
(A) the rate of tax under subsection (a) shall be the rate of tax specified in such treaty
(i) on branch profits if so specified, or
(ii) if not so specified, on dividends paid by a domestic corporation to a corporation resident in such country which wholly owns such domestic corporation, and
(B) any other limitations under such treaty on the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall apply.
(3) Coordination with withholding tax 

(A) In general 
If a foreign corporation is subject to the tax imposed by subsection (a) for any taxable year (determined after the application of any treaty), no tax shall be imposed by section 871 (a), 881 (a), 1441, or 1442 on any dividends paid by such corporation out of its earnings and profits for such taxable year.
(B) Limitation on certain treaty benefits 
If
(i) any dividend described in section 861 (a)(2)(B) is received by a foreign corporation, and
(ii) subparagraph (A) does not apply to such dividend,

rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (f)(3) shall apply to such dividend.

(4) Qualified resident 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term qualified resident means, with respect to any foreign country, any foreign corporation which is a resident of such foreign country unless
(i) 50 percent or more (by value) of the stock of such foreign corporation is owned (within the meaning of section 883 (c)(4)) by individuals who are not residents of such foreign country and who are not United States citizens or resident aliens, or
(ii) 50 percent or more of its income is used (directly or indirectly) to meet liabilities to persons who are not residents of such foreign country or citizens or residents of the United States.
(B) Special rule for publicly traded corporations 
A foreign corporation which is a resident of a foreign country shall be treated as a qualified resident of such foreign country if
(i) the stock of such corporation is primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in such foreign country, or
(ii) such corporation is wholly owned (either directly or indirectly) by another foreign corporation which is organized in such foreign country and the stock of which is so traded.
(C) Corporations owned by publicly traded domestic corporations 
A foreign corporation which is a resident of a foreign country shall be treated as a qualified resident of such foreign country if
(i) such corporation is wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by a domestic corporation, and
(ii) the stock of such domestic corporation is primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States.
(D) Secretarial authority 
The Secretary may, in his sole discretion, treat a foreign corporation as being a qualified resident of a foreign country if such corporation establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such corporation meets such requirements as the Secretary may establish to ensure that individuals who are not residents of such foreign country do not use the treaty between such foreign country and the United States in a manner inconsistent with the purposes of this subsection.
(5) Exception for international organizations 
This section shall not apply to an international organization (as defined in section 7701 (a)(18)).
(f) Treatment of interest allocable to effectively connected income 

(1) In general 
In the case of a foreign corporation engaged in a trade or business in the United States (or having gross income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States), for purposes of this subtitle
(A) any interest paid by such trade or business in the United States shall be treated as if it were paid by a domestic corporation, and
(B) to the extent that the allocable interest exceeds the interest described in subparagraph (A), such foreign corporation shall be liable for tax under section 881 (a) in the same manner as if such excess were interest paid to such foreign corporation by a wholly owned domestic corporation on the last day of such foreign corporations taxable year.

To the extent provided in regulations, subparagraph (A) shall not apply to interest in excess of the amounts reasonably expected to be allocable interest.

(2) Allocable interest 
For purposes of this subsection, the term allocable interest means any interest which is allocable to income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
(3) Coordination with treaties 

(A) Payor must be qualified resident 
In the case of any interest described in paragraph (1) which is paid or accrued by a foreign corporation, no benefit under any treaty between the United States and the foreign country of which such corporation is a resident shall apply unless
(i) such treaty is an income tax treaty, and
(ii) such foreign corporation is a qualified resident of such foreign country.
(B) Recipient must be qualified resident 
In the case of any interest described in paragraph (1) which is received or accrued by any corporation, no benefit under any treaty between the United States and the foreign country of which such corporation is a resident shall apply unless
(i) such treaty is an income tax treaty, and
(ii) such foreign corporation is a qualified resident of such foreign country.
(g) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations providing for appropriate adjustments in the determination of the dividend equivalent amount in connection with the distribution to shareholders or transfer to a controlled corporation of the taxpayers U.S. assets and other adjustments in such determination as are necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.

26 USC 885 - Cross references

(1) For special provisions relating to foreign corporations carrying on an insurance business within the United States, see section 842.
(2) For rules applicable in determining whether any foreign corporation is engaged in trade or business within the United States, see section 864 (b).
(3) For adjustment of tax in case of corporations of certain foreign countries, see section 896.
(4) For allowance of credit against the tax in case of a foreign corporation having income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, see section 906.
(5) For withholding at source of tax on income of foreign corporations, see section 1442.

Subpart C - Tax on Gross Transportation Income

26 USC 887 - Imposition of tax on gross transportation income of nonresident aliens and foreign corporations

(a) Imposition of tax 
In the case of any nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation, there is hereby imposed for each taxable year a tax equal to 4 percent of such individuals or corporations United States source gross transportation income for such taxable year.
(b) United States source gross transportation income 

(1) In general 
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the term United States source gross transportation income means any gross income which is transportation income (as defined in section 863 (c)(3)) to the extent such income is treated as from sources in the United States under section 863 (c)(2). To the extent provided in regulations, such term does not include any income of a kind to which an exemption under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 883 (a) would not apply.
(2) Exception for certain income effectively connected with business in the United States 
The term United States source gross transportation income shall not include any income taxable under section 871 (b) or 882.
(3) Exception for certain income taxable in possessions 
The term United States source gross transportation income does not include any income taxable in a possession of the United States under the provisions of this title as made applicable in such possession.
(4) Determination of effectively connected income 
For purposes of this chapter, United States source gross transportation income of any taxpayer shall not be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States unless
(A) the taxpayer has a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of United States source gross transportation income, and
(B) substantially all of the United States source gross transportation income (determined without regard to paragraph (2)) of the taxpayer is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation (or, in the case of income from the leasing of a vessel or aircraft, is attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States).
(c) Coordination with other provisions 
Any income taxable under this section shall not be taxable under section 871, 881, or 882.

Subpart D - Miscellaneous Provisions

26 USC 891 - Doubling of rates of tax on citizens and corporations of certain foreign countries

Whenever the President finds that, under the laws of any foreign country, citizens or corporations of the United States are being subjected to discriminatory or extraterritorial taxes, the President shall so proclaim and the rates of tax imposed by sections 1, 3, 11, 801, 831, 852, 871, and 881 shall, for the taxable year during which such proclamation is made and for each taxable year thereafter, be doubled in the case of each citizen and corporation of such foreign country; but the tax at such doubled rate shall be considered as imposed by such sections as the case may be. In no case shall this section operate to increase the taxes imposed by such sections (computed without regard to this section) to an amount in excess of 80 percent of the taxable income of the taxpayer (computed without regard to the deductions allowable under section 151 and under part VIII of subchapter B). Whenever the President finds that the laws of any foreign country with respect to which the President has made a proclamation under the preceding provisions of this section have been modified so that discriminatory and extraterritorial taxes applicable to citizens and corporations of the United States have been removed, he shall so proclaim, and the provisions of this section providing for doubled rates of tax shall not apply to any citizen or corporation of such foreign country with respect to any taxable year beginning after such proclamation is made.

26 USC 892 - Income of foreign governments and of international organizations

(a) Foreign governments 

(1) In general 
The income of foreign governments received from
(A) investments in the United States in
(i) stocks, bonds, or other domestic securities owned by such foreign governments, or
(ii) financial instruments held in the execution of governmental financial or monetary policy, or
(B) interest on deposits in banks in the United States of moneys belonging to such foreign governments,

shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle.

(2) Income received directly or indirectly from commercial activities 

(A) In general 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any income
(i) derived from the conduct of any commercial activity (whether within or outside the United States),
(ii) received by a controlled commercial entity or received (directly or indirectly) from a controlled commercial entity, or
(iii) derived from the disposition of any interest in a controlled commercial entity.
(B) Controlled commercial entity 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term controlled commercial entity means any entity engaged in commercial activities (whether within or outside the United States) if the government
(i) holds (directly or indirectly) any interest in such entity which (by value or voting interest) is 50 percent or more of the total of such interests in such entity, or
(ii) holds (directly or indirectly) any other interest in such entity which provides the foreign government with effective control of such entity.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, a central bank of issue shall be treated as a controlled commercial entity only if engaged in commercial activities within the United States.

(3) Treatment as resident 
For purposes of this title, a foreign government shall be treated as a corporate resident of its country. A foreign government shall be so treated for purposes of any income tax treaty obligation of the United States if such government grants equivalent treatment to the Government of the United States.
(b) International organizations 
The income of international organizations received from investments in the United States in stocks, bonds, or other domestic securities owned by such international organizations, or from interest on deposits in banks in the United States of moneys belonging to such international organizations, or from any other source within the United States, shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle.
(c) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.

26 USC 893 - Compensation of employees of foreign governments or international organizations

(a) Rule for exclusion 
Wages, fees, or salary of any employee of a foreign government or of an international organization (including a consular or other officer, or a nondiplomatic representative), received as compensation for official services to such government or international organization shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle if
(1) such employee is not a citizen of the United States, or is a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines (whether or not a citizen of the United States); and
(2) in the case of an employee of a foreign government, the services are of a character similar to those performed by employees of the Government of the United States in foreign countries; and
(3) in the case of an employee of a foreign government, the foreign government grants an equivalent exemption to employees of the Government of the United States performing similar services in such foreign country.
(b) Certificate by Secretary of State 
The Secretary of State shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the names of the foreign countries which grant an equivalent exemption to the employees of the Government of the United States performing services in such foreign countries, and the character of the services performed by employees of the Government of the United States in foreign countries.
(c) Limitation on exclusion 
Subsection (a) shall not apply to
(1) any employee of a controlled commercial entity (as defined in section 892 (a)(2)(B)), or
(2) any employee of a foreign government whose services are primarily in connection with a commercial activity (whether within or outside the United States) of the foreign government.

26 USC 894 - Income affected by treaty

(a) Treaty provisions 

(1) In general 
The provisions of this title shall be applied to any taxpayer with due regard to any treaty obligation of the United States which applies to such taxpayer.
(2) Cross reference 
For relationship between treaties and this title, see section 7852 (d).
(b) Permanent establishment in United States 
For purposes of applying any exemption from, or reduction of, any tax provided by any treaty to which the United States is a party with respect to income which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation shall be deemed not to have a permanent establishment in the United States at any time during the taxable year. This subsection shall not apply in respect of the tax computed under section 877 (b).
(c) Denial of treaty benefits for certain payments through hybrid entities 

(1) Application to certain payments 
A foreign person shall not be entitled under any income tax treaty of the United States with a foreign country to any reduced rate of any withholding tax imposed by this title on an item of income derived through an entity which is treated as a partnership (or is otherwise treated as fiscally transparent) for purposes of this title if
(A) such item is not treated for purposes of the taxation laws of such foreign country as an item of income of such person,
(B) the treaty does not contain a provision addressing the applicability of the treaty in the case of an item of income derived through a partnership, and
(C) the foreign country does not impose tax on a distribution of such item of income from such entity to such person.
(2) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to determine the extent to which a taxpayer to which paragraph (1) does not apply shall not be entitled to benefits under any income tax treaty of the United States with respect to any payment received by, or income attributable to any activities of, an entity organized in any jurisdiction (including the United States) that is treated as a partnership or is otherwise treated as fiscally transparent for purposes of this title (including a common investment trust under section 584, a grantor trust, or an entity that is disregarded for purposes of this title) and is treated as fiscally nontransparent for purposes of the tax laws of the jurisdiction of residence of the taxpayer.

26 USC 895 - Income derived by a foreign central bank of issue from obligations of the United States or from bank deposits

Income derived by a foreign central bank of issue from obligations of the United States or of any agency or instrumentality thereof (including beneficial interests, participations, and other instruments issued under section 302(c) of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1717)) which are owned by such foreign central bank of issue, or derived from interest on deposits with persons carrying on the banking business, shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle unless such obligations or deposits are held for, or used in connection with, the conduct of commercial banking functions or other commercial activities. For purposes of the preceding sentence the Bank for International Settlements shall be treated as a foreign central bank of issue.

26 USC 896 - Adjustment of tax on nationals, residents, and corporations of certain foreign countries

(a) Imposition of more burdensome taxes by foreign country 
Whenever the President finds that
(1) under the laws of any foreign country, considering the tax system of such foreign country, citizens of the United States not residents of such foreign country or domestic corporations are being subjected to more burdensome taxes, on any item of income received by such citizens or corporations from sources within such foreign country, than taxes imposed by the provisions of this subtitle on similar income derived from sources within the United States by residents or corporations of such foreign country,
(2) such foreign country, when requested by the United States to do so, has not acted to revise or reduce such taxes so that they are no more burdensome than taxes imposed by the provisions of this subtitle on similar income derived from sources within the United States by residents or corporations of such foreign country, and
(3) it is in the public interest to apply pre-1967 tax provisions in accordance with the provisions of this subsection to residents or corporations of such foreign country,

the President shall proclaim that the tax on such similar income derived from sources within the United States by residents or corporations of such foreign country shall, for taxable years beginning after such proclamation, be determined under this subtitle without regard to amendments made to this subchapter and chapter 3 on or after the date of enactment of this section.

(b) Imposition of discriminatory taxes by foreign country 
Whenever the President finds that
(1) under the laws of any foreign country, citizens of the United States or domestic corporations (or any class of such citizens or corporations) are, with respect to any item of income, being subjected to a higher effective rate of tax than are nationals, residents, or corporations of such foreign country (or a similar class of such nationals, residents, or corporations) under similar circumstances;
(2) such foreign country, when requested by the United States to do so, has not acted to eliminate such higher effective rate of tax; and
(3) it is in the public interest to adjust, in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, the effective rate of tax imposed by this subtitle on similar income of nationals, residents, or corporations of such foreign country (or such similar class of such nationals, residents, or corporations),

the President shall proclaim that the tax on similar income of nationals, residents, or corporations of such foreign country (or such similar class of such nationals, residents, or corporations) shall, for taxable years beginning after such proclamation, be adjusted so as to cause the effective rate of tax imposed by this subtitle on such similar income to be substantially equal to the effective rate of tax imposed by such foreign country on such item of income of citizens of the United States or domestic corporations (or such class of citizens or corporations). In implementing a proclamation made under this subsection, the effective rate of tax imposed by this subtitle on an item of income may be adjusted by the disallowance, in whole or in part, of any deduction, credit, or exemption which would otherwise be allowed with respect to that item of income or by increasing the rate of tax otherwise applicable to that item of income.

(c) Alleviation of more burdensome or discriminatory taxes 
Whenever the President finds that
(1) the laws of any foreign country with respect to which the President has made a proclamation under subsection (a) have been modified so that citizens of the United States not residents of such foreign country or domestic corporations are no longer subject to more burdensome taxes on the item of income derived by such citizens or corporations from sources within such foreign country, or
(2) the laws of any foreign country with respect to which the President has made a proclamation under subsection (b) have been modified so that citizens of the United States or domestic corporations (or any class of such citizens or corporations) are no longer subject to a higher effective rate of tax on the item of income,

he shall proclaim that the tax imposed by this subtitle on the similar income of nationals, residents, or corporations of such foreign country shall, for any taxable year beginning after such proclamation, be determined under this subtitle without regard to such subsection.

(d) Notification of Congress required 
No proclamation shall be issued by the President pursuant to this section unless, at least 30 days prior to such proclamation, he has notified the Senate and the House of Representatives of his intention to issue such proclamation.
(e) Implementation by regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary or appropriate to implement this section.

26 USC 897 - Disposition of investment in United States real property

(a) General rule 

(1) Treatment as effectively connected with United States trade or business 
For purposes of this title, gain or loss of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation from the disposition of a United States real property interest shall be taken into account
(A) in the case of a nonresident alien individual, under section 871 (B)(1), or
(B) in the case of a foreign corporation, under section 882 (a)(1),

as if the taxpayer were engaged in a trade or business within the United States during the taxable year and as if such gain or loss were effectively connected with such trade or business.

(2) Minimum tax on nonresident alien individuals 

(A) In general 
In the case of any nonresident alien individual, the taxable excess for purposes of section 55 (b)(1)(A) shall not be less than the lesser of
(i) the individuals alternative minimum taxable income (as defined in section 55 (b)(2)) for the taxable year, or
(ii) the individuals net United States real property gain for the taxable year.
(B) Net United States real property gain 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term net United States real property gain means the excess of
(i) the aggregate of the gains for the taxable year from dispositions of United States real property interests, over
(ii) the aggregate of the losses for the taxable year from dispositions of such interests.
(b) Limitation on losses of individuals 
In the case of an individual, a loss shall be taken into account under subsection (a) only to the extent such loss would be taken into account under section 165 (c) (determined without regard to subsection (a) of this section).
(c) United States real property interest 
For purposes of this section
(1) United States real property interest 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term United States real property interest means
(i) an interest in real property (including an interest in a mine, well, or other natural deposit) located in the United States or the Virgin Islands, and
(ii) any interest (other than an interest solely as a creditor) in any domestic corporation unless the taxpayer establishes (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary by regulations prescribes) that such corporation was at no time a United States real property holding corporation during the shorter of
(I) the period after June 18, 1980, during which the taxpayer held such interest, or
(II) the 5-year period ending on the date of the disposition of such interest.
(B) Exclusion for interest in certain corporations 
The term United States real property interest does not include any interest in a corporation if
(i) as of the date of the disposition of such interest, such corporation did not hold any United States real property interests, and
(ii) all of the United States real property interests held by such corporation at any time during the shorter of the periods described in subparagraph (A)(ii)
(I) were disposed of in transactions in which the full amount of the gain (if any) was recognized, or
(II) ceased to be United States real property interests by reason of the application of this subparagraph to 1 or more other corporations.
(2) United States real property holding corporation 
The term United States real property holding corporation means any corporation if
(A) the fair market value of its United States real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of
(B) the fair market value of
(i) its United States real property interests,
(ii) its interests in real property located outside the United States, plus
(iii) any other of its assets which are used or held for use in a trade or business.
(3) Exception for stock regularly traded on established securities markets 
If any class of stock of a corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market, stock of such class shall be treated as a United States real property interest only in the case of a person who, at some time during the shorter of the periods described in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), held more than 5 percent of such class of stock.
(4) Interests held by foreign corporations and by partnerships, trusts, and estates 
For purposes of determining whether any corporation is a United States real property holding corporation
(A) Foreign corporations 
Paragraph (1)(A)(ii) shall be applied by substituting any corporation (whether foreign or domestic) for any domestic corporation.
(B) Interests held by partnerships, etc. 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, assets held by a partnership, trust, or estate shall be treated as held proportionately by its partners or beneficiaries. Any asset treated as held by a partner or beneficiary by reason of this subparagraph which is used or held for use by the partnership, trust, or estate in a trade or business shall be treated as so used or held by the partner or beneficiary. Any asset treated as held by a partner or beneficiary by reason of this subparagraph shall be so treated for purposes of applying this subparagraph successively to partnerships, trusts, or estates which are above the first partnership, trust, or estate in a chain thereof.
(5) Treatment of controlling interests 

(A) In general 
Under regulations, for purposes of determining whether any corporation is a United States real property holding corporation, if any corporation (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the first corporation) holds a controlling interest in a second corporation
(i) the stock which the first corporation holds in the second corporation shall not be taken into account,
(ii) the first corporation shall be treated as holding a portion of each asset of the second corporation equal to the percentage of the fair market value of the stock of the second corporation represented by the stock held by the first corporation, and
(iii) any asset treated as held by the first corporation by reason of clause (ii) which is used or held for use by the second corporation in a trade or business shall be treated as so used or held by the first corporation.

Any asset treated as held by the first corporation by reason of the preceding sentence shall be so treated for purposes of applying the preceding sentence successively to corporations which are above the first corporation in a chain of corporations.

(B) Controlling interest 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term controlling interest means 50 percent or more of the fair market value of all classes of stock of a corporation.
(6) Other special rules 

(A) Interest in real property 
The term interest in real property includes fee ownership and co-ownership of land or improvements thereon, leaseholds of land or improvements thereon, options to acquire land or improvements thereon, and options to acquire leaseholds of land or improvements thereon.
(B) Real property includes associated personal property 
The term real property includes movable walls, furnishings, and other personal property associated with the use of the real property.
(C) Constructive ownership rules 
For purposes of determining under paragraph (3) whether any person holds more than 5 percent of any class of stock and of determining under paragraph (5) whether a person holds a controlling interest in any corporation, section 318 (a) shall apply (except that paragraphs (2)(C) and (3)(C) of section 318 (a) shall be applied by substituting 5 percent for 50 percent).
(d) Treatment of distributions by foreign corporations 

(1) In general 
Except to the extent otherwise provided in regulations, notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, gain shall be recognized by a foreign corporation on the distribution (including a distribution in liquidation or redemption) of a United States real property interest in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of such interest (as of the time of the distribution) over its adjusted basis.
(2) Exceptions 
Gain shall not be recognized under paragraph (1)
(A) if
(i) at the time of the receipt of the distributed property, the distributee would be subject to taxation under this chapter on a subsequent disposition of the distributed property, and
(ii) the basis of the distributed property in the hands of the distributee is no greater than the adjusted basis of such property before the distribution, increased by the amount of gain (if any) recognized by the distributing corporation, or
(B) if such nonrecognition is provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (e)(2).
(e) Coordination with nonrecognition provisions 

(1) In general 
Except to the extent otherwise provided in subsection (d) and paragraph (2) of this subsection, any nonrecognition provision shall apply for purposes of this section to a transaction only in the case of an exchange of a United States real property interest for an interest the sale of which would be subject to taxation under this chapter.
(2) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations (which are necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of Federal income taxes) providing
(A) the extent to which nonrecognition provisions shall, and shall not, apply for purposes of this section, and
(B) the extent to which
(i) transfers of property in reorganization, and
(ii) changes in interests in, or distributions from, a partnership, trust, or estate,

shall be treated as sales of property at fair market value.

(3) Nonrecognition provision defined 
For purposes of this subsection, the term nonrecognition provision means any provision of this title for not recognizing gain or loss.
[(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1702(g)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1873] 
(g) Special rule for sales of interest in partnerships, trusts, and estates 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the amount of any money, and the fair market value of any property, received by a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation in exchange for all or part of its interest in a partnership, trust, or estate shall, to the extent attributable to United States real property interests, be considered as an amount received from the sale or exchange in the United States of such property.
(h) Special rules for certain investment entities 
For purposes of this section
(1) Look-through of distributions 
Any distribution by a qualified investment entity to a nonresident alien individual, a foreign corporation, or other qualified investment entity shall, to the extent attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by the qualified investment entity of United States real property interests, be treated as gain recognized by such nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, or other qualified investment entity from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any distribution by a qualified investment entity to a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation with respect to any class of stock which is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States shall not be treated as gain recognized from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest if such individual or corporation did not own more than 5 percent of such class of stock at any time during the 1-year period ending on the date of such distribution.
(2) Sale of stock in domestically controlled entity not taxed 
The term United States real property interest does not include any interest in a domestically controlled qualified investment entity.
(3) Distributions by domestically controlled qualified investment entities 
In the case of a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, rules similar to the rules of subsection (d) shall apply to the foreign ownership percentage of any gain.
(4) Definitions 

(A) Qualified investment entity 

(i) In general The term qualified investment entity means
(I) any real estate investment trust, and
(II) any regulated investment company which is a United States real property holding corporation or which would be a United States real property holding corporation if the exceptions provided in subsections (c)(3) and (h)(2) did not apply to interests in any real estate investment trust or regulated investment company.
(ii) Termination Clause (i)(II) shall not apply after December 31, 2007. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, an entity described in clause (i)(II) shall be treated as a qualified investment entity for purposes of applying paragraphs (1) and (5) and section 1445 with respect to any distribution by the entity to a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation which is attributable directly or indirectly to a distribution to the entity from a real estate investment trust.
(B) Domestically controlled 
The term domestically controlled qualified investment entity means any qualified investment entity in which at all times during the testing period less than 50 percent in value of the stock was held directly or indirectly by foreign persons.
(C) Foreign ownership percentage 
The term foreign ownership percentage means that percentage of the stock of the qualified investment entity which was held (directly or indirectly) by foreign persons at the time during the testing period during which the direct and indirect ownership of stock by foreign persons was greatest.
(D) Testing period 
The term testing period means whichever of the following periods is the shortest:
(i) the period beginning on June 19, 1980, and ending on the date of the disposition or of the distribution, as the case may be,
(ii) the 5-year period ending on the date of the disposition or of the distribution, as the case may be, or
(iii) the period during which the qualified investment entity was in existence.
(5) Treatment of certain wash sale transactions 

(A) In general 
If an interest in a domestically controlled qualified investment entity is disposed of in an applicable wash sale transaction, the taxpayer shall, for purposes of this section, be treated as having gain from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest in an amount equal to the portion of the distribution described in subparagraph (B) with respect to such interest which, but for the disposition, would have been treated by the taxpayer as gain from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest under paragraph (1).
(B) Applicable wash sales transaction 
For purposes of this paragraph
(i) In general The term applicable wash sales transaction means any transaction (or series of transactions) under which a nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, or qualified investment entity
(I) disposes of an interest in a domestically controlled qualified investment entity during the 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution which is to be made with respect to the interest and any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated by the taxpayer as gain from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest under paragraph (1), and
(II) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, a substantially identical interest in such entity during the 61-day period beginning with the 1st day of the 30-day period described in subclause (I).

For purposes of subclause (II), a nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, or qualified investment entity shall be treated as having acquired any interest acquired by a person related (within the meaning of section 267 (b) or 707 (b)(1)) to the individual, corporation, or entity, and any interest which such person has entered into any contract or option to acquire.

(ii) Application to substitute dividend and similar payments Subparagraph (A) shall apply to
(I) any substitute dividend payment (within the meaning of section 861), or
(II) any other similar payment specified in regulations which the Secretary determines necessary to prevent avoidance of the purposes of this paragraph.

The portion of any such payment treated by the taxpayer as gain from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest under subparagraph (A) by reason of this clause shall be equal to the portion of the distribution such payment is in lieu of which would have been so treated but for the transaction giving rise to such payment.

(iii) Exception where distribution actually received A transaction shall not be treated as an applicable wash sales transaction if the nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, or qualified investment entity receives the distribution described in clause (i)(I) with respect to either the interest which was disposed of, or acquired, in the transaction.
(iv) Exception for certain publicly traded stock A transaction shall not be treated as an applicable wash sales transaction if it involves the disposition of any class of stock in a qualified investment entity which is regularly traded on an established securities market within the United States but only if the nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, or qualified investment entity did not own more than 5 percent of such class of stock at any time during the 1-year period ending on the date of the distribution described in clause (i)(I).
(i) Election by foreign corporation to be treated as domestic corporation 

(1) In general 
If
(A) a foreign corporation holds a United States real property interest, and
(B) under any treaty obligation of the United States the foreign corporation is entitled to nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to that interest,

then such foreign corporation may make an election to be treated as a domestic corporation for purposes of this section, section 1445, and section 6039C.

(2) Revocation only with consent 
Any election under paragraph (1), once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
(3) Making of election 
An election under paragraph (1) may be made only
(A) if all of the owners of all classes of interests (other than interests solely as a creditor) in the foreign corporation at the time of the election consent to the making of the election and agree that gain, if any, from the disposition of such interest after June 18, 1980, which would be taken into account under subsection (a) shall be taxable notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in a treaty to which the United States is a party, and
(B) subject to such other conditions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations with respect to the corporation or its shareholders.

In the case of a class of interest (other than an interest solely as a creditor) which is regularly traded on an established securities market, the consent described in subparagraph (A) need only be made by any person if such person held more than 5 percent of such class of interest at some time during the shorter of the periods described in subsection (c)(1)(A)(ii). The constructive ownership rules of subsection (c)(6)(C) shall apply in determining whether a person held more than 5 percent of a class of interest.

(4) Exclusive method of claiming nondiscrimination 
The election provided by paragraph (1) shall be the exclusive remedy for any person claiming discriminatory treatment with respect to this section, section 1145, and section 6039C.
(j) Certain contributions to capital 
Except to the extent otherwise provided in regulations, gain shall be recognized by a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation on the transfer of a United States real property interest to a foreign corporation if the transfer is made as paid in surplus or as a contribution to capital, in the amount of the excess of
(1) the fair market value of such property transferred, over
(2) the sum of
(A) the adjusted basis of such property in the hands of the transferor, plus
(B) the amount of gain, if any, recognized to the transferor under any other provision at the time of the transfer.

26 USC 898 - Taxable year of certain foreign corporations

(a) General rule 
For purposes of this title, the taxable year of any specified foreign corporation shall be the required year determined under subsection (c).
(b) Specified foreign corporation 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
The term specified foreign corporation means any foreign corporation
(A) which is treated as a controlled foreign corporation for any purpose under subpart F of part III of this subchapter, and
(B) with respect to which the ownership requirements of paragraph (2) are met.
(2) Ownership requirements 

(A) In general 
The ownership requirements of this paragraph are met with respect to any foreign corporation if a United States shareholder owns, on each testing day, more than 50 percent of
(i) the total voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or
(ii) the total value of all classes of stock of such corporation.
(B) Ownership 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the rules of subsections (a) and (b) of section 958 shall apply in determining ownership.
(3) United States shareholder 
The term United States shareholder has the meaning given to such term by section 951 (b), except that, in the case of a foreign corporation having related person insurance income (as defined in section 953 (c)(2)), the Secretary may treat any person as a United States shareholder for purposes of this section if such person is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953 (c)(1).
(c) Determination of required year 

(1) In general 
The required year is
(A) the majority U.S. shareholder year, or
(B) if there is no majority U.S. shareholder year, the taxable year prescribed under regulations.
(2) 1-month deferral allowed 
A specified foreign corporation may elect, in lieu of the taxable year under paragraph (1)(A), a taxable year beginning 1 month earlier than the majority U.S. shareholder year.
(3) Majority U.S. shareholder year 

(A) In general 
For purposes of this subsection, the term majority U.S. shareholder year means the taxable year (if any) which, on each testing day, constituted the taxable year of
(i) each United States shareholder described in subsection (b)(2)(A), and
(ii) each United States shareholder not described in clause (i) whose stock was treated as owned under subsection (b)(2)(B) by any shareholder described in such clause.
(B) Testing day 
The testing days shall be
(i) the first day of the corporations taxable year (determined without regard to this section), or
(ii) the days during such representative period as the Secretary may prescribe.

TITLE 26 - US CODE - PART III - INCOME FROM SOURCES WITHOUT THE UNITED STATES

Subpart A - Foreign Tax Credit

26 USC 901 - Taxes of foreign countries and of possessions of United States

(a) Allowance of credit 
If the taxpayer chooses to have the benefits of this subpart, the tax imposed by this chapter shall, subject to the limitation of section 904, be credited with the amounts provided in the applicable paragraph of subsection (b) plus, in the case of a corporation, the taxes deemed to have been paid under sections 902 and 960. Such choice for any taxable year may be made or changed at any time before the expiration of the period prescribed for making a claim for credit or refund of the tax imposed by this chapter for such taxable year. The credit shall not be allowed against any tax treated as a tax not imposed by this chapter under section 26 (b).
(b) Amount allowed 
Subject to the limitation of section 904, the following amounts shall be allowed as the credit under subsection (a):
(1) Citizens and domestic corporations 
In the case of a citizen of the United States and of a domestic corporation, the amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States; and
(2) Resident of the United States or Puerto Rico 
In the case of a resident of the United States and in the case of an individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year, the amount of any such taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year to any possession of the United States; and
(3) Alien resident of the United States or Puerto Rico 
In the case of an alien resident of the United States and in the case of an alien individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year, the amount of any such taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year to any foreign country; and
(4) Nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations 
In the case of any nonresident alien individual not described in section 876 and in the case of any foreign corporation, the amount determined pursuant to section 906; and
(5) Partnerships and estates 
In the case of any person described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4), who is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of an estate or trust, the amount of his proportionate share of the taxes (described in such paragraph) of the partnership or the estate or trust paid or accrued during the taxable year to a foreign country or to any possession of the United States, as the case may be. Under rules or regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in the case of any foreign trust of which the settlor or another person would be treated as owner of any portion of the trust under subpart E but for section 672 (f), the allocable amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes imposed by any foreign country or possession of the United States on the settlor or such other person in respect of trust income.
(c) Similar credit required for certain alien residents 
Whenever the President finds that
(1) a foreign country, in imposing income, war profits, and excess profits taxes, does not allow to citizens of the United States residing in such foreign country a credit for any such taxes paid or accrued to the United States or any foreign country, as the case may be, similar to the credit allowed under subsection (b)(3),
(2) such foreign country, when requested by the United States to do so, has not acted to provide such a similar credit to citizens of the United States residing in such foreign country, and
(3) it is in the public interest to allow the credit under subsection (b)(3) to citizens or subjects of such foreign country only if it allows such a similar credit to citizens of the United States residing in such foreign country,

the President shall proclaim that, for taxable years beginning while the proclamation remains in effect, the credit under subsection (b)(3) shall be allowed to citizens or subjects of such foreign country only if such foreign country, in imposing income, war profits, and excess profits taxes, allows to citizens of the United States residing in such foreign country such a similar credit.

(d) Treatment of dividends from a DISC or former DISC 
For purposes of this subpart, dividends from a DISC or former DISC (as defined in section 992 (a)) shall be treated as dividends from a foreign corporation to the extent such dividends are treated under part I as income from sources without the United States.
(e) Foreign taxes on mineral income 

(1) Reduction in amount allowed 
Notwithstanding subsection (b), the amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year to any foreign country or possession of the United States with respect to foreign mineral income from sources within such country or possession which would (but for this paragraph) be allowed under such subsection shall be reduced by the amount (if any) by which
(A) the amount of such taxes (or, if smaller, the amount of the tax which would be computed under this chapter with respect to such income determined without the deduction allowed under section 613), exceeds
(B) the amount of the tax computed under this chapter with respect to such income.
(2) Foreign mineral income defined 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term foreign mineral income means income derived from the extraction of minerals from mines, wells, or other natural deposits, the processing of such minerals into their primary products, and the transportation, distribution, or sale of such minerals or primary products. Such term includes, but is not limited to
(A) dividends received from a foreign corporation in respect of which taxes are deemed paid by the taxpayer under section 902, to the extent such dividends are attributable to foreign mineral income, and
(B) that portion of the taxpayers distributive share of the income of partnerships attributable to foreign mineral income.
(f) Certain payments for oil or gas not considered as taxes 
Notwithstanding subsection (b) and sections 902 and 960, the amount of any income, or profits, and excess profits taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year to any foreign country in connection with the purchase and sale of oil or gas extracted in such country is not to be considered as tax for purposes of section 275 (a) and this section if
(1) the taxpayer has no economic interest in the oil or gas to which section 611 (a) applies, and
(2) either such purchase or sale is at a price which differs from the fair market value for such oil or gas at the time of such purchase or sale.
(g) Certain taxes paid with respect to distributions from possessions corporations 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this chapter, any tax of a foreign country or possession of the United States which is paid or accrued with respect to any distribution from a corporation
(A) to the extent that such distribution is attributable to periods during which such corporation is a possessions corporation, and
(B) 
(i) if a dividends received deduction is allowable with respect to such distribution under part VIII of subchapter B, or
(ii) to the extent that such distribution is received in connection with a liquidation or other transaction with respect to which gain or loss is not recognized,

shall not be treated as income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or possession of the United States, and no deduction shall be allowed under this title with respect to any amount so paid or accrued.

(2) Possessions corporation 
For purposes of paragraph (1), a corporation shall be treated as a possessions corporation for any period during which an election under section 936 applied to such corporation, during which section 931 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976) applied to such corporation, or during which section 957 (c) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) applied to such corporation.
[(h) Repealed. Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(g)(9), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2490] 
(i) Taxes used to provide subsidies 
Any income, war profits, or excess profits tax shall not be treated as a tax for purposes of this title to the extent
(1) the amount of such tax is used (directly or indirectly) by the country imposing such tax to provide a subsidy by any means to the taxpayer, a related person (within the meaning of section 482), or any party to the transaction or to a related transaction, and
(2) such subsidy is determined (directly or indirectly) by reference to the amount of such tax, or the base used to compute the amount of such tax.
(j) Denial of foreign tax credit, etc., with respect to certain foreign countries 

(1) In general 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part
(A) no credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) for any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued (or deemed paid under section 902 or 960) to any country if such taxes are with respect to income attributable to a period during which this subsection applies to such country, and
(B) subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 904 and sections 902 and 960 shall be applied separately with respect to income attributable to such a period from sources within such country.
(2) Countries to which subsection applies 

(A) In general 
This subsection shall apply to any foreign country
(i) the government of which the United States does not recognize, unless such government is otherwise eligible to purchase defense articles or services under the Arms Export Control Act,
(ii) with respect to which the United States has severed diplomatic relations,
(iii) with respect to which the United States has not severed diplomatic relations but does not conduct such relations, or
(iv) which the Secretary of State has, pursuant to section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, designated as a foreign country which repeatedly provides support for acts of international terrorisms.
(B) Period for which subsection applies 
This subsection shall apply to any foreign country described in subparagraph (A) during the period
(i) beginning on the later of
(I) January 1, 1987, or
(II) 6 months after such country becomes a country described in subparagraph (A), and
(ii) ending on the date the Secretary of State certifies to the Secretary of the Treasury that such country is no longer described in subparagraph (A).
(3) Taxes allowed as a deduction, etc. 
Sections 275 and 78 shall not apply to any tax which is not allowable as a credit under subsection (a) by reason of this subsection.
(4) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including regulations which treat income paid through 1 or more entities as derived from a foreign country to which this subsection applies if such income was, without regard to such entities, derived from such country.
(5) Waiver of denial 

(A) In general 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to taxes paid or accrued to a country if the President
(i) determines that a waiver of the application of such paragraph is in the national interest of the United States and will expand trade and investment opportunities for United States companies in such country; and
(ii) reports such waiver under subparagraph (B).
(B) Report 
Not less than 30 days before the date on which a waiver is granted under this paragraph, the President shall report to Congress
(i) the intention to grant such waiver; and
(ii) the reason for the determination under subparagraph (A)(i).
(k) Minimum holding period for certain taxes on dividends 

(1) Withholding taxes 

(A) In general 
In no event shall a credit be allowed under subsection (a) for any withholding tax on a dividend with respect to stock in a corporation if
(i) such stock is held by the recipient of the dividend for 15 days or less during the 31-day period beginning on the date which is 15 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, or
(ii) to the extent that the recipient of the dividend is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.
(B) Withholding tax 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term withholding tax includes any tax determined on a gross basis; but does not include any tax which is in the nature of a prepayment of a tax imposed on a net basis.
(2) Deemed paid taxes 
In the case of income, war profits, or excess profits taxes deemed paid under section 853, 902, or 960 through a chain of ownership of stock in 1 or more corporations, no credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) for such taxes if
(A) any stock of any corporation in such chain (the ownership of which is required to obtain credit under subsection (a) for such taxes) is held for less than the period described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), or
(B) the corporation holding the stock is under an obligation referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(ii).
(3) 45-day rule in the case of certain preference dividends 
In the case of stock having preference in dividends and dividends with respect to such stock which are attributable to a period or periods aggregating in excess of 366 days, paragraph (1)(A)(i) shall be applied
(A) by substituting 45 days for 15 days each place it appears, and
(B) by substituting 91-day period for 31-day period.
(4) Exception for certain taxes paid by securities dealers 

(A) In general 
Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to any qualified tax with respect to any security held in the active conduct in a foreign country of a business as a securities dealer of any person
(i) who is registered as a securities broker or dealer under section 15(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
(ii) who is registered as a Government securities broker or dealer under section 15C(a) of such Act, or
(iii) who is licensed or authorized in such foreign country to conduct securities activities in such country and is subject to bona fide regulation by a securities regulating authority of such country.
(B) Qualified tax 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term qualified tax means a tax paid to a foreign country (other than the foreign country referred to in subparagraph (A)) if
(i) the dividend to which such tax is attributable is subject to taxation on a net basis by the country referred to in subparagraph (A), and
(ii) such country allows a credit against its net basis tax for the full amount of the tax paid to such other foreign country.
(C) Regulations 
The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out this paragraph, including regulations to prevent the abuse of the exception provided by this paragraph and to treat other taxes as qualified taxes.
(5) Certain rules to apply 
For purposes of this subsection, the rules of paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 246 (c) shall apply.
(6) Treatment of bona fide sales 
If a persons holding period is reduced by reason of the application of the rules of section 246 (c)(4) to any contract for the bona fide sale of stock, the determination of whether such persons holding period meets the requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to taxes deemed paid under section 902 or 960 shall be made as of the date such contract is entered into.
(7) Taxes allowed as deduction, etc. 
Sections 275 and 78 shall not apply to any tax which is not allowable as a credit under subsection (a) by reason of this subsection.
(l) Minimum holding period for withholding taxes on gain and income other than dividends etc. 

(1) In general 
In no event shall a credit be allowed under subsection (a) for any withholding tax (as defined in subsection (k)) on any item of income or gain with respect to any property if
(A) such property is held by the recipient of the item for 15 days or less during the 31-day period beginning on the date which is 15 days before the date on which the right to receive payment of such item arises, or
(B) to the extent that the recipient of the item is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.

This paragraph shall not apply to any dividend to which subsection (k) applies.

(2) Exception for taxes paid by dealers 

(A) In general 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any qualified tax with respect to any property held in the active conduct in a foreign country of a business as a dealer in such property.
(B) Qualified tax 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term qualified tax means a tax paid to a foreign country (other than the foreign country referred to in subparagraph (A)) if
(i) the item to which such tax is attributable is subject to taxation on a net basis by the country referred to in subparagraph (A), and
(ii) such country allows a credit against its net basis tax for the full amount of the tax paid to such other foreign country.
(C) Dealer 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term dealer means
(i) with respect to a security, any person to whom paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (k) would not apply by reason of paragraph (4) thereof, and
(ii) with respect to any other property, any person with respect to whom such property is described in section 1221 (a)(1).
(D) Regulations 
The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out this paragraph, including regulations to prevent the abuse of the exception provided by this paragraph and to treat other taxes as qualified taxes.
(3) Exceptions 
The Secretary may by regulation provide that paragraph (1) shall not apply to property where the Secretary determines that the application of paragraph (1) to such property is not necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
(4) Certain rules to apply 
Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) of subsection (k) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.
(5) Determination of holding period 
Holding periods shall be determined for purposes of this subsection without regard to section 1235 or any similar rule.
(m) Cross reference 

(1) For deductions of income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid to a foreign country or a possession of the United States, see sections 164 and 275.
(2) For right of each partner to make election under this section, see section 703 (b).
(3) For right of estate or trust to the credit for taxes imposed by foreign countries and possessions of the United States under this section, see section 642 (a).
(4) For reduction of credit for failure of a United States person to furnish certain information with respect to a foreign corporation or partnership controlled by him, see section 6038.

26 USC 902 - Deemed paid credit where domestic corporation owns 10 percent or more of voting stock of foreign corporation

(a) Taxes paid by foreign corporation treated as paid by domestic corporation 
For purposes of this subpart, a domestic corporation which owns 10 percent or more of the voting stock of a foreign corporation from which it receives dividends in any taxable year shall be deemed to have paid the same proportion of such foreign corporations post-1986 foreign income taxes as
(1) the amount of such dividends (determined without regard to section 78), bears to
(2) such foreign corporations post-1986 undistributed earnings.
(b) Deemed taxes increased in case of certain lower tier corporations 

(1) In general 
If
(A) any foreign corporation is a member of a qualified group, and
(B) such foreign corporation owns 10 percent or more of the voting stock of another member of such group from which it receives dividends in any taxable year,

such foreign corporation shall be deemed to have paid the same proportion of such other members post-1986 foreign income taxes as would be determined under subsection (a) if such foreign corporation were a domestic corporation.

(2) Qualified group 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term qualified group means
(A) the foreign corporation described in subsection (a), and
(B) any other foreign corporation if
(i) the domestic corporation owns at least 5 percent of the voting stock of such other foreign corporation indirectly through a chain of foreign corporations connected through stock ownership of at least 10 percent of their voting stock,
(ii) the foreign corporation described in subsection (a) is the first tier corporation in such chain, and
(iii) such other corporation is not below the sixth tier in such chain.

The term qualified group shall not include any foreign corporation below the third tier in the chain referred to in clause (i) unless such foreign corporation is a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957) and the domestic corporation is a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951 (b)) in such foreign corporation. Paragraph (1) shall apply to those taxes paid by a member of the qualified group below the third tier only with respect to periods during which it was a controlled foreign corporation.

(c) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Post-1986 undistributed earnings 
The term post-1986 undistributed earnings means the amount of the earnings and profits of the foreign corporation (computed in accordance with sections 964 (a) and 986) accumulated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986
(A) as of the close of the taxable year of the foreign corporation in which the dividend is distributed, and
(B) without diminution by reason of dividends distributed during such taxable year.
(2) Post-1986 foreign income taxes 
The term post-1986 foreign income taxes means the sum of
(A) the foreign income taxes with respect to the taxable year of the foreign corporation in which the dividend is distributed, and
(B) the foreign income taxes with respect to prior taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, to the extent such foreign taxes were not attributable to dividends distributed by the foreign corporation in prior taxable years.
(3) Special rule where foreign corporation first qualifies after December 31, 1986 

(A) In general 
If the 1st day on which the requirements of subparagraph (B) are met with respect to any foreign corporation is in a taxable year of such corporation beginning after December 31, 1986, the post-1986 undistributed earnings and the post-1986 foreign income taxes of such foreign corporation shall be determined by taking into account only periods beginning on and after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year in which such requirements are met.
(B) Ownership requirements 
The requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to any foreign corporation if
(i) 10 percent or more of the voting stock of such foreign corporation is owned by a domestic corporation, or
(ii) the requirements of subsection (b)(2) are met with respect to such foreign corporation.
(4) Foreign income taxes 

(A) In general 
The term foreign income taxes means any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid by the foreign corporation to any foreign country or possession of the United States.
(B) Treatment of deemed taxes 
Except for purposes of determining the amount of the post-1986 foreign income taxes of a sixth tier foreign corporation referred to in subsection (b)(2), the term foreign income taxes includes any such taxes deemed to be paid by the foreign corporation under this section.
(5) Accounting periods 
In the case of a foreign corporation the income, war profits, and excess profits taxes of which are determined on the basis of an accounting period of less than 1 year, the word year as used in this subsection shall be construed to mean such accounting period.
(6) Treatment of distributions from earnings before 1987 

(A) In general 
In the case of any dividend paid by a foreign corporation out of accumulated profits (as defined in this section as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) for taxable years beginning before the 1st taxable year taken into account in determining the post-1986 undistributed earnings of such corporation
(i) this section (as amended by the Tax Reform Act of 1986) shall not apply, but
(ii) this section (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of such Act) shall apply.
(B) Dividends paid first out of post-1986 earnings 
Any dividend in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, shall be treated as made out of post-1986 undistributed earnings to the extent thereof.
(7) Constructive ownership through partnerships 
Stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a partnership shall be considered as being owned proportionately by its partners. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person. The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including rules to account for special partnership allocations of dividends, credits, and other incidents of ownership of stock in determining proportionate ownership.
(8) Regulations 
The Secretary shall provide such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this section and section 960, including provisions which provide for the separate application of this section and section 960 to reflect the separate application of section 904 to separate types of income and loss.
(d) Cross references 

(1) For inclusion in gross income of an amount equal to taxes deemed paid under subsection (a), see section 78.
(2) For application of subsections (a) and (b) with respect to taxes deemed paid in a prior taxable year by a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation, see section 960.
(3) For reduction of credit with respect to dividends paid out of post-1986 undistributed earnings for years for which certain information is not furnished, see section 6038.

26 USC 903 - Credit for taxes in lieu of income, etc., taxes

For purposes of this part and of sections 164 (a) and 275 (a), the term income, war profits, and excess profits taxes shall include a tax paid in lieu of a tax on income, war profits, or excess profits otherwise generally imposed by any foreign country or by any possession of the United States.

26 USC 904 - Limitation on credit

(a) Limitation 
The total amount of the credit taken under section 901 (a) shall not exceed the same proportion of the tax against which such credit is taken which the taxpayers taxable income from sources without the United States (but not in excess of the taxpayers entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income for the same taxable year.
(b) Taxable income for purpose of computing limitation 

(1) Personal exemptions 
For purposes of subsection (a), the taxable income in the case of an individual, estate, or trust shall be computed without any deduction for personal exemptions under section 151 or 642 (b).
(2) Capital gains 
For purposes of this section
(A) In general 
Taxable income from sources outside the United States shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only to the extent of foreign source capital gain net income.
(B) Special rules where capital gain rate differential 
In the case of any taxable year for which there is a capital gain rate differential
(i) in lieu of applying subparagraph (A), the taxable income from sources outside the United States shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only in an amount equal to foreign source capital gain net income reduced by the rate differential portion of foreign source net capital gain,
(ii) the entire taxable income shall include gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets only in an amount equal to capital gain net income reduced by the rate differential portion of net capital gain, and
(iii) for purposes of determining taxable income from sources outside the United States, any net capital loss (and any amount which is a short-term capital loss under section 1212 (a)) from sources outside the United States to the extent taken into account in determining capital gain net income for the taxable year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the rate differential portion of the excess of net capital gain from sources within the United States over net capital gain.
(C) Coordination with capital gains rates 
The Secretary may by regulations modify the application of this paragraph and paragraph (3) to the extent necessary to properly reflect any capital gain rate differential under section 1 (h) or 1201 (a) and the computation of net capital gain.
(3) Definitions 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Foreign source capital gain net income 
The term foreign source capital gain net income means the lesser of
(i) capital gain net income from sources without the United States, or
(ii) capital gain net income.
(B) Foreign source net capital gain 
The term foreign source net capital gain means the lesser of
(i) net capital gain from sources without the United States, or
(ii) net capital gain.
(C) Section 1231 gains 
The term gain from the sale or exchange of capital assets includes any gain so treated under section 1231.
(D) Capital gain rate differential 
There is a capital gain rate differential for any taxable year if
(i) in the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, subsection (h) of section 1 applies to such taxable year, or
(ii) in the case of a corporation, any rate of tax imposed by section 11, 511, or 831 (a) or (b) (whichever applies) exceeds the alternative rate of tax under section 1201 (a) (determined without regard to the last sentence of section 11 (b)(1)).
(E) Rate differential portion 

(i) In general The rate differential portion of foreign source net capital gain, net capital gain, or the excess of net capital gain from sources within the United States over net capital gain, as the case may be, is the same proportion of such amount as
(I) the excess of the highest applicable tax rate over the alternative tax rate, bears to
(II) the highest applicable tax rate.
(ii) Highest applicable tax rate For purposes of clause (i), the term highest applicable tax rate means
(I) in the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, the highest rate of tax set forth in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) of section 1 (whichever applies), or
(II) in the case of a corporation, the highest rate of tax specified in section 11 (b).
(iii) Alternative tax rate For purposes of clause (i), the term alternative tax rate means
(I) in the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, the alternative rate of tax determined under section 1 (h), or
(II) in the case of a corporation, the alternative rate of tax under section 1201 (a).
(4) Coordination with section 936 
For purposes of subsection (a), in the case of a corporation, the taxable income shall not include any portion thereof taken into account for purposes of the credit (if any) allowed by section 936 (without regard to subsections (a)(4) and (i) thereof).
(c) Carryback and carryover of excess tax paid 
Any amount by which all taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States for any taxable year for which the taxpayer chooses to have the benefits of this subpart exceed the limitation under subsection (a) shall be deemed taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States in the first preceding taxable year and in any of the first 10 succeeding taxable years, in that order and to the extent not deemed taxes paid or accrued in a prior taxable year, in the amount by which the limitation under subsection (a) for such preceding or succeeding taxable year exceeds the sum of the taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or possessions of the United States for such preceding or succeeding taxable year and the amount of the taxes for any taxable year earlier than the current taxable year which shall be deemed to have been paid or accrued in such preceding or subsequent taxable year (whether or not the taxpayer chooses to have the benefits of this subpart with respect to such earlier taxable year). Such amount deemed paid or accrued in any year may be availed of only as a tax credit and not as a deduction and only if the taxpayer for such year chooses to have the benefits of this subpart as to taxes paid or accrued for that year to foreign countries or possessions of the United States.
(d) Separate application of section with respect to certain categories of income 

(1) In general 
The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (c) and sections 902, 907, and 960 shall be applied separately with respect to
(A) passive category income, and
(B) general category income.
(2) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Categories 

(i) Passive category income The term passive category income means passive income and specified passive category income.
(ii) General category income The term general category income means income other than passive category income.
(B) Passive income 

(i) In general Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the term passive income means any income received or accrued by any person which is of a kind which would be foreign personal holding company income (as defined in section 954 (c)).
(ii) Certain amounts included Except as provided in clause (iii), the term passive income includes, except as provided in subparagraph (E)(iii)[1] or paragraph (3)(I)[1], any amount includible in gross income under section 1293 (relating to certain passive foreign investment companies).
(iii) Exceptions The term passive income shall not include
(I) any export financing interest, and
(II) any high-taxed income.
(iv) Clarification of application of section 864 (d)(6) In determining whether any income is of a kind which would be foreign personal holding company income, the rules of section 864 (d)(6) shall apply only in the case of income of a controlled foreign corporation.
(v) Specified passive category income The term specified passive category income means
(I) dividends from a DISC or former DISC (as defined in section 992 (a)) to the extent such dividends are treated as income from sources without the United States, and
(II) distributions from a former FSC (as defined in section 922) out of earnings and profits attributable to foreign trade income (within the meaning of section 923 (b)) or interest or carrying charges (as defined in section 927 (d)(1)) derived from a transaction which results in foreign trade income (as defined in section 923 (b)).

Any reference in subclause (II) to section 922, 923, or 927 shall be treated as a reference to such section as in effect before its repeal by the FSC Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act of 2000.

(C) Treatment of financial services income and companies 

(i) In general Financial services income shall be treated as general category income in the case of
(I) a member of a financial services group, and
(II) any other person if such person is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, insurance, financing, or similar business.
(ii) Financial services group The term financial services group means any affiliated group (as defined in section 1504 (a) without regard to paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1504 (b)) which is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, insurance, financing, or similar business. In determining whether such a group is so engaged, there shall be taken into account only the income of members of the group that are
(I) United States corporations, or
(II) controlled foreign corporations in which such United States corporations own, directly or indirectly, at least 80 percent of the total voting power and value of the stock.
(iii) Pass-thru entities The Secretary shall by regulation specify for purposes of this subparagraph the treatment of financial services income received or accrued by partnerships and by other pass-thru entities which are not members of a financial services group.
(D) Financial services income 

(i) In general Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the term financial services income means any income which is received or accrued by any person predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, insurance, financing, or similar business, and which is
(I) described in clause (ii), or
(II) passive income (determined without regard to subparagraph (B)(iii)(II)).
(ii) General description of financial services income Income is described in this clause if such income is
(I) derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business,
(II) derived from the investment by an insurance company of its unearned premiums or reserves ordinary and necessary for the proper conduct of its insurance business, or
(III) of a kind which would be insurance income as defined in section 953 (a) determined without regard to those provisions of paragraph (1)(A) of such section which limit insurance income to income from countries other than the country in which the corporation was created or organized.
(E) Noncontrolled section 902 corporation 

(i) In general The term noncontrolled section 902 corporation means any foreign corporation with respect to which the taxpayer meets the stock ownership requirements of section 902 (a) (or, for purposes of applying paragraph (3) or (4), the requirements of section 902 (b)). A controlled foreign corporation shall not be treated as a noncontrolled section 902 corporation with respect to any distribution out of its earnings and profits for periods during which it was a controlled foreign corporation.
(ii) Treatment of inclusions under section 1293 If any foreign corporation is a non-controlled section 902 corporation with respect to the taxpayer, any inclusion under section 1293 with respect to such corporation shall be treated as a dividend from such corporation.
(F) High-taxed income 
The term high-taxed income means any income which (but for this subparagraph) would be passive income if the sum of
(i) the foreign income taxes paid or accrued by the taxpayer with respect to such income, and
(ii) the foreign income taxes deemed paid by the taxpayer with respect to such income under section 902 or 960,

exceeds the highest rate of tax specified in section 1 or 11 (whichever applies) multiplied by the amount of such income (determined with regard to section 78). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term foreign income taxes means any income, war profits, or excess profits tax imposed by any foreign country or possession of the United States.

(G) Export financing interest 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term export financing interest means any interest derived from financing the sale (or other disposition) for use or consumption outside the United States of any property
(i) which is manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the United States by the taxpayer or a related person, and
(ii) not more than 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to products imported into the United States.

For purposes of clause (ii), the fair market value of any property imported into the United States shall be its appraised value, as determined by the Secretary under section 402 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1401a) in connection with its importation.

(H) Treatment of income tax base differences 

(i) In general In the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006, tax imposed under the law of a foreign country or possession of the United States on an amount which does not constitute income under United States tax principles shall be treated as imposed on income described in paragraph (1)(B).
(ii) Special rule for years before 2007
(I) In general In the case of taxes paid or accrued in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, and before January 1, 2007, a taxpayer may elect to treat tax imposed under the law of a foreign country or possession of the United States on an amount which does not constitute income under United States tax principles as tax imposed on income described in subparagraph (C) or (I) of paragraph (1).
(II) Election irrevocable Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years described in subclause (I) unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(I) Related person 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term related person has the meaning given such term by section 954 (d)(3), except that such section shall be applied by substituting the person with respect to whom the determination is being made for controlled foreign corporation each place it appears.
(J) Transitional rule 
For purposes of paragraph (1)
(i) taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, with respect to income which was described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) shall be treated as taxes paid or accrued with respect to income described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) (as in effect after such date),
(ii) taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, with respect to income which was described in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (1) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) shall be treated as taxes paid or accrued with respect to income described in subparagraph (I) of paragraph (1) (as in effect after such date) except that
(I) such taxes shall be treated as paid or accrued with respect to shipping income to the extent the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such taxes were paid or accrued with respect to such income,
(II) in the case of a person described in subparagraph (C)(i), such taxes shall be treated as paid or accrued with respect to financial services income to the extent the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such taxes were paid or accrued with respect to such income, and
(III) such taxes shall be treated as paid or accrued with respect to high withholding tax interest to the extent the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such taxes were paid or accrued with respect to such income, and
(iii) taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, with respect to income described in any other subparagraph of paragraph (1) (as so in effect before such date) shall be treated as taxes paid or accrued with respect to income described in the corresponding subparagraph of paragraph (1) (as so in effect after such date).
(K) Transitional rules for 2007 changes 
For purposes of paragraph (1)
(i) taxes carried from any taxable year beginning before January 1, 2007, to any taxable year beginning on or after such date, with respect to any item of income, shall be treated as described in the subparagraph of paragraph (1) in which such income would be described were such taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year beginning on or after such date, and
(ii) the Secretary may by regulations provide for the allocation of any carryback of taxes with respect to income from a taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2007, to a taxable year beginning before such date for purposes of allocating such income among the separate categories in effect for the taxable year to which carried.
(3) Look-thru in case of controlled foreign corporations 

(A) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, dividends, interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued by the taxpayer from a controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall not be treated as passive category income.
(B) Subpart F inclusions 
Any amount included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(A) shall be treated as passive category income to the extent the amount so included is attributable to passive category income.
(C) Interest, rents, and royalties 
Any interest, rent, or royalty which is received or accrued from a controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall be treated as passive category income to the extent it is properly allocable (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to passive category income of the controlled foreign corporation.
(D) Dividends 
Any dividend paid out of the earnings and profits of any controlled foreign corporation in which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall be treated as passive category income in proportion to the ratio of
(i) the portion of the earnings and profits attributable to passive category income, to
(ii) the total amount of earnings and profits.
(E) Look-thru applies only where subpart F applies 
If a controlled foreign corporation meets the requirements of section 954 (b)(3)(A) (relating to de minimis rule) for any taxable year, for purposes of this paragraph, none of its foreign base company income (as defined in section 954 (a) without regard to section 954 (b)(5)) and none of its gross insurance income (as defined in section 954 (b)(3)(C)) for such taxable year shall be treated as passive category income, except that this sentence shall not apply to any income which (without regard to this sentence) would be treated as financial services income. Solely for purposes of applying subparagraph (D), passive income of a controlled foreign corporation shall not be treated as passive category income if the requirements of section 954 (b)(4) are met with respect to such income.
(F) Coordination with high-taxed income provisions 

(i) In determining whether any income of a controlled foreign corporation is passive category income, subclause (II) of paragraph (2)(B)(iii) shall not apply.
(ii) Any income of the taxpayer which is treated as passive category income under this paragraph shall be so treated notwithstanding any provision of paragraph (2); except that the determination of whether any amount is high-taxed income shall be made after the application of this paragraph.
(G) Dividend 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term dividend includes any amount included in gross income in section 951 (a)(1)(B). Any amount included in gross income under section 78 to the extent attributable to amounts included in gross income in section 951 (a)(1)(A) shall not be treated as a dividend but shall be treated as included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(A).
(H) Look-thru applies to passive foreign investment company inclusion 
If
(i) a passive foreign investment company is a controlled foreign corporation, and
(ii) the taxpayer is a United States shareholder in such controlled foreign corporation,

any amount included in gross income under section 1293 shall be treated as income in a separate category to the extent such amount is attributable to income in such category.

(4) Look-thru applies to dividends from noncontrolled section 902 corporations 

(A) In general 
For purposes of this subsection, any dividend from a noncontrolled section 902 corporation with respect to the taxpayer shall be treated as income described in a subparagraph of paragraph (1) in proportion to the ratio of
(i) the portion of earnings and profits attributable to income described in such subparagraph, to
(ii) the total amount of earnings and profits.
(B) Earnings and profits of controlled foreign corporations 
In the case of any distribution from a controlled foreign corporation to a United States shareholder, rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (A) shall apply in determining the extent to which earnings and profits of the controlled foreign corporation which are attributable to dividends received from a noncontrolled section 902 corporation may be treated as income in a separate category.
(C) Special rules 
For purposes of this paragraph
(i) Earnings and profits
(I) In general The rules of section 316 shall apply.
(II) Regulations The Secretary may prescribe regulations regarding the treatment of distributions out of earnings and profits for periods before the taxpayers acquisition of the stock to which the distributions relate.
(ii) Inadequate substantiation If the Secretary determines that the proper subparagraph of paragraph (1) in which a dividend is described has not been substantiated, such dividend shall be treated as income described in paragraph (1)(A).
(iii) Coordination with high-taxed income provisions Rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3)(F) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
(iv) Look-thru with respect to carryover of credit Rules similar to subparagraph (A) also shall apply to any carryforward under subsection (c) from a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2003, of tax allocable to a dividend from a noncontrolled section 902 corporation with respect to the taxpayer. The Secretary may by regulations provide for the allocation of any carryback of tax allocable to a dividend from a noncontrolled section 902 corporation from a taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2003, to a taxable year beginning before such date for purposes of allocating such dividend among the separate categories in effect for the taxable year to which carried.
(5) Controlled foreign corporation; United States shareholder 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Controlled foreign corporation 
The term controlled foreign corporation has the meaning given such term by section 957 (taking into account section 953 (c)).
(B) United States shareholder 
The term United States shareholder has the meaning given such term by section 951 (b) (taking into account section 953 (c)).
(6) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this subsection, including regulations
(A) for the application of paragraph (3) and subsection (f)(5) in the case of income paid (or loans made) through 1 or more entities or between 2 or more chains of entities,
(B) preventing the manipulation of the character of income the effect of which is to avoid the purposes of this subsection, and
(C) providing that rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3)(C) shall apply to interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued from entities which would be controlled foreign corporations if they were foreign corporations.
[(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(31), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521] 
(f) Recapture of overall foreign loss 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of this subpart and section 936, in the case of any taxpayer who sustains an overall foreign loss for any taxable year, that portion of the taxpayers taxable income from sources without the United States for each succeeding taxable year which is equal to the lesser of
(A) the amount of such loss (to the extent not used under this paragraph in prior taxable years), or
(B) 50 percent (or such larger percent as the taxpayer may choose) of the taxpayers taxable income from sources without the United States for such succeeding taxable year,

shall be treated as income from sources within the United States (and not as income from sources without the United States).

(2) Overall foreign loss defined 
For purposes of this subsection, the term overall foreign loss means the amount by which the gross income for the taxable year from sources without the United States (whether or not the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this subpart for such taxable year) for such year is exceeded by the sum of the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto, except that there shall not be taken into account
(A) any net operating loss deduction allowable for such year under section 172 (a), and
(B) any
(i) foreign expropriation loss for such year, as defined in section 172 (h) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990), or
(ii) loss for such year which arises from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft,

to the extent such loss is not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.

(3) Dispositions 

(A) In general 
For purposes of this chapter, if property which has been used predominantly without the United States in a trade or business is disposed of during any taxable year
(i) the taxpayer, notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (other than paragraph (1)), shall be deemed to have received and recognized taxable income from sources without the United States in the taxable year of the disposition, by reason of such disposition, in an amount equal to the lesser of the excess of the fair market value of such property over the taxpayers adjusted basis in such property or the remaining amount of the overall foreign losses which were not used under paragraph (1) for such taxable year or any prior taxable year, and
(ii) paragraph (1) shall be applied with respect to such income by substituting 100 percent for 50 percent.

In determining for purposes of this subparagraph whether the predominant use of any property has been without the United States, there shall be taken into account use during the 3-year period ending on the date of the disposition (or, if shorter, the period during which the property has been used in the trade or business).

(B) Disposition defined and special rules 

(i) For purposes of this subsection, the term disposition includes a sale, exchange, distribution, or gift of property whether or not gain or loss is recognized on the transfer.
(ii) Any taxable income recognized solely by reason of subparagraph (A) shall have the same characterization it would have had if the taxpayer had sold or exchanged the property.
(iii) The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as he may deem necessary to provide for adjustments to the basis of property to reflect taxable income recognized solely by reason of subparagraph (A).
(C) Exceptions 
Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the term disposition does not include
(i) a disposition of property which is not a material factor in the realization of income by the taxpayer, or
(ii) a disposition of property to a domestic corporation in a distribution or transfer described in section 381 (a).
(D) Application to certain dispositions of stock in controlled foreign corporation 

(i) In general This paragraph shall apply to an applicable disposition in the same manner as if it were a disposition of property described in subparagraph (A), except that the exception contained in subparagraph (C)(i) shall not apply.
(ii) Applicable disposition For purposes of clause (i), the term applicable disposition means any disposition of any share of stock in a controlled foreign corporation in a transaction or series of transactions if, immediately before such transaction or series of transactions, the taxpayer owned more than 50 percent (by vote or value) of the stock of the controlled foreign corporation. Such term shall not include a disposition described in clause (iii) or (iv), except that clause (i) shall apply to any gain recognized on any such disposition.
(iii) Exception for certain exchanges where ownership percentage retained A disposition shall not be treated as an applicable disposition under clause (ii) if it is part of a transaction or series of transactions
(I) to which section 351 or 721 applies, or under which the transferor receives stock in a foreign corporation in exchange for the stock in the controlled foreign corporation and the stock received is exchanged basis property (as defined in section 7701 (a)(44)), and
(II) immediately after which, the transferor owns (by vote or value) at least the same percentage of stock in the controlled foreign corporation (or, if the controlled foreign corporation is not in existence after such transaction or series of transactions, in another foreign corporation stock in[2] which was received by the transferor in exchange for stock in the controlled foreign corporation) as the percentage of stock in the controlled foreign corporation which the taxpayer owned immediately before such transaction or series of transactions.
(iv) Exception for certain asset acquisitions A disposition shall not be treated as an applicable disposition under clause (ii) if it is part of a transaction or series of transactions in which the taxpayer (or any member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return under section 1501 which includes the taxpayer) acquires the assets of a controlled foreign corporation in exchange for the shares of the controlled foreign corporation in a liquidation described in section 332 or a reorganization described in section 368 (a)(1).
(v) Controlled foreign corporation For purposes of this subparagraph, the term controlled foreign corporation has the meaning given such term by section 957.
(vi) Stock ownership For purposes of this subparagraph, ownership of stock shall be determined under the rules of subsections (a) and (b) of section 958.
(4) Accumulation distributions of foreign trust 
For purposes of this chapter, in the case of amounts of income from sources without the United States which are treated under section 666 (without regard to subsections (b) and (c) thereof if the taxpayer chose to take a deduction with respect to the amounts described in such subsections under section 667 (d)(1)(B)) as having been distributed by a foreign trust in a preceding taxable year, that portion of such amounts equal to the amount of any overall foreign loss sustained by the beneficiary in a year prior to the taxable year of the beneficiary in which such distribution is received from the trust shall be treated as income from sources within the United States (and not income from sources without the United States) to the extent that such loss was not used under this subsection in prior taxable years, or in the current taxable year, against other income of the beneficiary.
(5) Treatment of separate limitation losses 

(A) In general 
The amount of the separate limitation losses for any taxable year shall reduce income from sources within the United States for such taxable year only to the extent the aggregate amount of such losses exceeds the aggregate amount of the separate limitation incomes for such taxable year.
(B) Allocation of losses 
The separate limitation losses for any taxable year (to the extent such losses do not exceed the separate limitation incomes for such year) shall be allocated among (and operate to reduce) such incomes on a proportionate basis.
(C) Recharacterization of subsequent income 
If
(i) a separate limitation loss from any income category (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as the loss category) was allocated to income from any other category under subparagraph (B), and
(ii) the loss category has income for a subsequent taxable year,

such income (to the extent it does not exceed the aggregate separate limitation losses from the loss category not previously recharacterized under this subparagraph) shall be recharacterized as income from such other category in proportion to the prior reductions under subparagraph (B) in such other category not previously taken into account under this subparagraph. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed as recharacterizing any tax.

(D) Special rules for losses from sources in the United States 
Any loss from sources in the United States for any taxable year (to the extent such loss does not exceed the separate limitation incomes from such year) shall be allocated among (and operate to reduce) such incomes on a proportionate basis. This subparagraph shall be applied after subparagraph (B).
(E) Definitions 
For purposes of this paragraph
(i) Income category The term income category means each separate category of income described in subsection (d)(1).
(ii) Separate limitation income The term separate limitation income means, with respect to any income category, the taxable income from sources outside the United States, separately computed for such category.
(iii) Separate limitation loss The term separate limitation loss means, with respect to any income category, the loss from such category determined under the principles of section 907 (c)(4)(B).
(F) Dispositions 
If any separate limitation loss for any taxable year is allocated against any separate limitation income for such taxable year, except to the extent provided in regulations, rules similar to the rules of paragraph (3) shall apply to any disposition of property if gain from such disposition would be in the income category with respect to which there was such separate limitation loss.
(g) Recharacterization of overall domestic loss 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of this subpart and section 936, in the case of any taxpayer who sustains an overall domestic loss for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2006, that portion of the taxpayers taxable income from sources within the United States for each succeeding taxable year which is equal to the lesser of
(A) the amount of such loss (to the extent not used under this paragraph in prior taxable years), or
(B) 50 percent of the taxpayers taxable income from sources within the United States for such succeeding taxable year,

shall be treated as income from sources without the United States (and not as income from sources within the United States).

(2) Overall domestic loss 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term overall domestic loss means
(i) with respect to any qualified taxable year, the domestic loss for such taxable year to the extent such loss offsets taxable income from sources without the United States for the taxable year or for any preceding qualified taxable year by reason of a carryback, and
(ii) with respect to any other taxable year, the domestic loss for such taxable year to the extent such loss offsets taxable income from sources without the United States for any preceding qualified taxable year by reason of a carryback.
(B) Domestic loss 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term domestic loss means the amount by which the gross income for the taxable year from sources within the United States is exceeded by the sum of the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto (determined without regard to any carryback from a subsequent taxable year).
(C) Qualified taxable year 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term qualified taxable year means any taxable year for which the taxpayer chose the benefits of this subpart.
(3) Characterization of subsequent income 

(A) In general 
Any income from sources within the United States that is treated as income from sources without the United States under paragraph (1) shall be allocated among and increase the income categories in proportion to the loss from sources within the United States previously allocated to those income categories.
(B) Income category 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term income category has the meaning given such term by subsection (f)(5)(E)(i).
(4) Coordination with subsection (f) 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to coordinate the provisions of this subsection with the provisions of subsection (f).
(h) Source rules in case of United States-owned foreign corporations 

(1) In general 
The following amounts which are derived from a United States-owned foreign corporation and which would be treated as derived from sources outside the United States without regard to this subsection shall, for purposes of this section, be treated as derived from sources within the United States to the extent provided in this subsection:
(A) Any amount included in gross income under
(i) section 951 (a) (relating to amounts included in gross income of United States shareholders), or
(ii) section 1293 (relating to current taxation of income from qualified funds).
(B) Interest.
(C) Dividends.
(2) Subpart F and passive foreign investment company inclusions 
Any amount described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States to the extent such amount is attributable to income of the United States-owned foreign corporation from sources within the United States.
(3) Certain interest allocable to United States source income 
Any interest which
(A) is paid or accrued by a United States-owned foreign corporation during any taxable year,
(B) is paid or accrued to a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951 (b)) or a related person (within the meaning of section 267 (b)) to such a shareholder, and
(C) is properly allocable (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to income of such foreign corporation for the taxable year from sources within the United States,

shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.

(4) Dividends 

(A) In general 
The United States source ratio of any dividend paid or accrued by a United States-owned foreign corporation shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.
(B) United States source ratio 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term United States source ratio means, with respect to any dividend paid out of the earnings and profits for any taxable year, a fraction
(i) the numerator of which is the portion of the earnings and profits for such taxable year from sources within the United States, and
(ii) the denominator of which is the total amount of earnings and profits for such taxable year.
(5) Exception where United States-owned foreign corporation has small amount of United States source income 
Paragraph (3) shall not apply to interest paid or accrued during any taxable year (and paragraph (4) shall not apply to any dividends paid out of the earnings and profits for such taxable year) if
(A) the United States-owned foreign corporation has earnings and profits for such taxable year, and
(B) less than 10 percent of such earnings and profits is attributable to sources within the United States.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, earnings and profits shall be determined without any reduction for interest described in paragraph (3) (determined without regard to subparagraph (C) thereof).

(6) United States-owned foreign corporation 
For purposes of this subsection, the term United States-owned foreign corporation means any foreign corporation if 50 percent or more of
(A) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or
(B) the total value of the stock of such corporation,

is held directly (or indirectly through applying paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 958 (a) and paragraph (4) of section 318 (a)) by United States persons (as defined in section 7701 (a)(30)).

(7) Dividend 
For purposes of this subsection, the term dividend includes any gain treated as ordinary income under section 12463 or as a dividend under section 1248.
(8) Coordination with subsection (f) 
This subsection shall be applied before subsection (f).
(9) Treatment of certain domestic corporations 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) in the case of interest treated as not from sources within the United States under section 861 (a)(1)(A), the corporation paying such interest shall be treated as a United States-owned foreign corporation, and
(B) in the case of any dividend treated as not from sources within the United States under section 861 (a)(2)(A), the corporation paying such dividend shall be treated as a United States-owned foreign corporation.
(10) Coordination with treaties 

(A) In general 
If
(i) any amount derived from a United States-owned foreign corporation would be treated as derived from sources within the United States under this subsection by reason of an item of income of such United States-owned foreign corporation,
(ii) under a treaty obligation of the United States (applied without regard to this subsection and by treating any amount included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1) as a dividend), such amount would be treated as arising from sources outside the United States, and
(iii) the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this paragraph,

this subsection shall not apply to such amount to the extent attributable to such item of income (but subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section and sections 902, 907, and 960 shall be applied separately with respect to such amount to the extent so attributable).

(B) Special rule 
Amounts included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1) shall be treated as a dividend under subparagraph (A)(ii) only if dividends paid by each corporation (the stock in which is taken into account in determining whether the shareholder is a United States shareholder in the United States-owned foreign corporation), if paid to the United States shareholder, would be treated under a treaty obligation of the United States as arising from sources outside the United States (applied without regard to this subsection).
(11) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for purposes of this subsection, including
(A) regulations for the application of this subsection in the case of interest or dividend payments through 1 or more entities, and
(B) regulations providing that this subsection shall apply to interest paid or accrued to any person (whether or not a United States shareholder).
(i) Coordination with nonrefundable personal credits 
In the case of any taxable year of an individual to which section 26 (a)(2) does not apply, for purposes of subsection (a), the tax against which the credit is taken is such tax reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of this chapter (other than sections 23, 24, and 25B).
(j) Limitation on use of deconsolidation to avoid foreign tax credit limitations 
If 2 or more domestic corporations would be members of the same affiliated group if
(1) section 1504 (b) were applied without regard to the exceptions contained therein, and
(2) the constructive ownership rules of section 1563 (e) applied for purposes of section 1504 (a),

the Secretary may by regulations provide for resourcing the income of any of such corporations or for modifications to the consolidated return regulations to the extent that such resourcing or modifications are necessary to prevent the avoidance of the provisions of this subpart.

(k) Certain individuals exempt 

(1) In general 
In the case of an individual to whom this subsection applies for any taxable year
(A) the limitation of subsection (a) shall not apply,
(B) no taxes paid or accrued by the individual during such taxable year may be deemed paid or accrued under subsection (c) in any other taxable year, and
(C) no taxes paid or accrued by the individual during any other taxable year may be deemed paid or accrued under subsection (c) in such taxable year.
(2) Individuals to whom subsection applies 
This subsection shall apply to an individual for any taxable year if
(A) the entire amount of such individuals gross income for the taxable year from sources without the United States consists of qualified passive income,
(B) the amount of the creditable foreign taxes paid or accrued by the individual during the taxable year does not exceed $300 ($600 in the case of a joint return), and
(C) such individual elects to have this subsection apply for the taxable year.
(3) Definitions 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Qualified passive income 
The term qualified passive income means any item of gross income if
(i) such item of income is passive income (as defined in subsection (d)(2)(B) without regard to clause (iii) thereof), and
(ii) such item of income is shown on a payee statement furnished to the individual.
(B) Creditable foreign taxes 
The term creditable foreign taxes means any taxes for which a credit is allowable under section 901; except that such term shall not include any tax unless such tax is shown on a payee statement furnished to such individual.
(C) Payee statement 
The term payee statement has the meaning given to such term by section 6724 (d)(2).
(D) Estates and trusts not eligible 
This subsection shall not apply to any estate or trust.
(l) Cross reference 

(1) For increase of limitation under subsection (a) for taxes paid with respect to amounts received which were included in the gross income of the taxpayer for a prior taxable year as a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation, see section 960 (b).
(2) For modification of limitation under subsection (a) for purposes of determining the amount of credit which can be taken against the alternative minimum tax, see section 59 (a).
[1] See References in Text note below.
[2] So in original.
[3] See References in Text note below.

26 USC 905 - Applicable rules

(a) Year in which credit taken 
The credits provided in this subpart may, at the option of the taxpayer and irrespective of the method of accounting employed in keeping his books, be taken in the year in which the taxes of the foreign country or the possession of the United States accrued, subject, however, to the conditions prescribed in subsection (c). If the taxpayer elects to take such credits in the year in which the taxes of the foreign country or the possession of the United States accrued, the credits for all subsequent years shall be taken on the same basis, and no portion of any such taxes shall be allowed as a deduction in the same or any succeeding year.
(b) Proof of credits 
The credits provided in this subpart shall be allowed only if the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary
(1) the total amount of income derived from sources without the United States, determined as provided in part I,
(2) the amount of income derived from each country, the tax paid or accrued to which is claimed as a credit under this subpart, such amount to be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, and
(3) all other information necessary for the verification and computation of such credits.
(c) Adjustments to accrued taxes 

(1) In general 
If
(A) accrued taxes when paid differ from the amounts claimed as credits by the taxpayer,
(B) accrued taxes are not paid before the date 2 years after the close of the taxable year to which such taxes relate, or
(C) any tax paid is refunded in whole or in part,

the taxpayer shall notify the Secretary, who shall redetermine the amount of the tax for the year or years affected. The Secretary may prescribe adjustments to the pools of post-1986 foreign income taxes and the pools of post-1986 undistributed earnings under sections 902 and 960 in lieu of the redetermination under the preceding sentence.

(2) Special rule for taxes not paid within 2 years 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in making the redetermination under paragraph (1), no credit shall be allowed for accrued taxes not paid before the date referred to in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1).
(B) Taxes subsequently paid 
Any such taxes if subsequently paid
(i) shall be taken into account
(I) in the case of taxes deemed paid under section 902 or section 960, for the taxable year in which paid (and no redetermination shall be made under this section by reason of such payment), and
(II) in any other case, for the taxable year to which such taxes relate, and
(ii) shall be translated as provided in section 986 (a)(2)(A).
(3) Adjustments 
The amount of tax (if any) due on any redetermination under paragraph (1) shall be paid by the taxpayer on notice and demand by the Secretary, and the amount of tax overpaid (if any) shall be credited or refunded to the taxpayer in accordance with subchapter B of chapter 66 (section 6511 et seq.).
(4) Bond requirements 
In the case of any tax accrued but not paid, the Secretary, as a condition precedent to the allowance of the credit provided in this subpart, may require the taxpayer to give a bond, with sureties satisfactory to and approved by the Secretary, in such sum as the Secretary may require, conditioned on the payment by the taxpayer of any amount of tax found due on any such redetermination. Any such bond shall contain such further conditions as the Secretary may require.
(5) Other special rules 
In any redetermination under paragraph (1) by the Secretary of the amount of tax due from the taxpayer for the year or years affected by a refund, the amount of the taxes refunded for which credit has been allowed under this section shall be reduced by the amount of any tax described in section 901 imposed by the foreign country or possession of the United States with respect to such refund; but no credit under this subpart, or deduction under section 164, shall be allowed for any taxable year with respect to any such tax imposed on the refund. No interest shall be assessed or collected on any amount of tax due on any redetermination by the Secretary, resulting from a refund to the taxpayer, for any period before the receipt of such refund, except to the extent interest was paid by the foreign country or possession of the United States on such refund for such period.

26 USC 906 - Nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations

(a) Allowance of credit 
A nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year shall be allowed a credit under section 901 for the amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year (or deemed, under section 902, paid or accrued during the taxable year) to any foreign country or possession of the United States with respect to income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(b) Special rules 

(1) For purposes of subsection (a) and for purposes of determining the deductions allowable under sections 873 (a) and 882 (c), in determining the amount of any tax paid or accrued to any foreign country or possession there shall not be taken into account any amount of tax to the extent the tax so paid or accrued is imposed with respect to income from sources within the United States which would not be taxed by such foreign country or possession but for the fact that
(A) in the case of a nonresident alien individual, such individual is a citizen or resident of such foreign country or possession, or
(B) in the case of a foreign corporation, such corporation was created or organized under the law of such foreign country or possession or is domiciled for tax purposes in such country or possession.
(2) For purposes of subsection (a), in applying section 904 the taxpayers taxable income shall be treated as consisting only of the taxable income effectively connected with the taxpayers conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(3) The credit allowed pursuant to subsection (a) shall not be allowed against any tax imposed by section 871 (a) (relating to income of nonresident alien individual not connected with United States business) or 881 (relating to income of foreign corporations not connected with United States business).
(4) For purposes of sections 902 (a) and 78, a foreign corporation choosing the benefits of this subpart which receives dividends shall, with respect to such dividends, be treated as a domestic corporation.
(5) For purposes of section 902, any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid or accrued (or deemed paid or accrued) to any foreign country or possession of the United States with respect to income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States shall not be taken into account, and any accumulated profits attributable to such income shall not be taken into account.
(6) No credit shall be allowed under this section against the tax imposed by section 884.

26 USC 907 - Special rules in case of foreign oil and gas income

(a) Reduction in amount allowed as foreign tax under section 901 
In applying section 901, the amount of any oil and gas extraction taxes paid or accrued (or deemed to have been paid) during the taxable year which would (but for this subsection) be taken into account for purposes of section 901 shall be reduced by the amount (if any) by which the amount of such taxes exceeds the product of
(1) the amount of the foreign oil and gas extraction income for the taxable year,
(2) multiplied by
(A) in the case of a corporation, the percentage which is equal to the highest rate of tax specified under section 11 (b), or
(B) in the case of an individual, a fraction the numerator of which is the tax against which the credit under section 901 (a) is taken and the denominator of which is the taxpayers entire taxable income.
(b) Foreign taxes on foreign oil related income 
For purposes of this subtitle, in the case of taxes paid or accrued to any foreign country with respect to foreign oil related income, the term income, war profits, and excess profits taxes shall not include any amount paid or accrued after December 31, 1982, to the extent that the Secretary determines that the foreign law imposing such amount of tax is structured, or in fact operates, so that the amount of tax imposed with respect to foreign oil related income will generally be materially greater, over a reasonable period of time, than the amount generally imposed on income that is neither foreign oil related income nor foreign oil and gas extraction income. In computing the amount not treated as tax under this subsection, such amount shall be treated as a deduction under the foreign law.
(c) Foreign income definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Foreign oil and gas extraction income 
The term foreign oil and gas extraction income means the taxable income derived from sources without the United States and its possessions from
(A) the extraction (by the taxpayer or any other person) of minerals from oil or gas wells, or
(B) the sale or exchange of assets used by the taxpayer in the trade or business described in subparagraph (A).

Such term does not include any dividend or interest income which is passive income (as defined in section 904 (d)(2)(A)).

(2) Foreign oil related income 
The term foreign oil related income means the taxable income derived from sources outside the United States and its possessions from
(A) the processing of minerals extracted (by the taxpayer or by any other person) from oil or gas wells into their primary products,
(B) the transportation of such minerals or primary products,
(C) the distribution or sale of such minerals or primary products,
(D) the disposition of assets used by the taxpayer in the trade or business described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C), or
(E) the performance of any other related service.

Such term does not include any dividend or interest income which is passive income (as defined in section 904 (d)(2)(A)).

(3) Dividends, interest, partnership distribution, etc. 
The term foreign oil and gas extraction income and the term foreign oil related income include
(A) dividends and interest from a foreign corporation in respect of which taxes are deemed paid by the taxpayer under section 902,
(B) amounts with respect to which taxes are deemed paid under section 960 (a), and
(C) the taxpayers distributive share of the income of partnerships.[1]

to the extent such dividends, interest, amounts, or distributive share is attributable to foreign oil and gas extraction income, or to foreign oil related income, as the case may be; except that interest described in subparagraph (A) shall not be taken into account in computing foreign oil and gas extraction income but shall be taken into account in computing foreign oil-related income.

(4) Recapture of foreign oil and gas extraction losses by recharacterizing later extraction income 

(A) In general 
That portion of the income of the taxpayer for the taxable year which (but for this paragraph) would be treated as foreign oil and gas extraction income shall be treated as income (from sources without the United States) which is not foreign oil and gas extraction income to the extent of the excess of
(i) the aggregate amount of foreign oil extraction losses for preceding taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982, over
(ii) so much of such aggregate amount as was recharacterized under this subparagraph for preceding taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982.
(B) Foreign oil extraction loss defined 

(i) In general For purposes of this paragraph, the term foreign oil extraction loss means the amount by which
(I) the gross income for the taxable year from sources without the United States and its possessions (whether or not the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this subpart for such taxable year) taken into account in determining the foreign oil and gas extraction income for such year, is exceeded by
(II) the sum of the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto.
(ii) Net operating loss deduction not taken into account For purposes of clause (i), the net operating loss deduction allowable for the taxable year under section 172 (a) shall not be taken into account.
(iii) Expropriation and casualty losses not taken into account For purposes of clause (i), there shall not be taken into account
(I) any foreign expropriation loss (as defined in section 172 (h) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990)) for the taxable year, or
(II) any loss for the taxable year which arises from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft,

to the extent such loss is not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.

(5) Oil and gas extraction taxes 
The term oil and gas extraction taxes means any income, war profits, and excess profits tax paid or accrued (or deemed to have been paid under section 902 or 960) during the taxable year with respect to foreign oil and gas extraction income (determined without regard to paragraph (4)) or loss which would be taken into account for purposes of section 901 without regard to this section.
(d) Disregard of certain posted prices, etc. 
For purposes of this chapter, in determining the amount of taxable income in the case of foreign oil and gas extraction income, if the oil or gas is disposed of, or is acquired other than from the government of a foreign country, at a posted price (or other pricing arrangement) which differs from the fair market value for such oil or gas, such fair market value shall be used in lieu of such posted price (or other pricing arrangement).
[(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(32), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521] 
(f) Carryback and carryover of disallowed credits 

(1) In general 
If the amount of the oil and gas extraction taxes paid or accrued during any taxable year exceeds the limitation provided by subsection (a) for such taxable year (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the unused credit year), such excess shall be deemed to be oil and gas extraction taxes paid or accrued in the first preceding taxable year and in any of the first 10 succeeding taxable year,[2] in that order and to the extent not deemed tax paid or accrued in a prior taxable year by reason of the limitation imposed by paragraph (2). Such amount deemed paid or accrued in any taxable year may be availed of only as a tax credit and not as a deduction and only if the taxpayer for such year chooses to have the benefits of this subpart as to taxes paid or accrued for that year to foreign countries or possessions.
(2) Limitation 
The amount of the unused oil and gas extraction taxes which under paragraph (1) may be deemed paid or accrued in any preceding or succeeding taxable year shall not exceed the lesser of
(A) the amount by which the limitation provided by subsection (a) for such taxable year exceeds the sum of
(i) the oil and gas extraction taxes paid or accrued during such taxable year, plus
(ii) the amounts of the oil and gas extraction taxes which by reason of this subsection are deemed paid or accrued in such taxable year and are attributable to taxable years preceding the unused credit year; or
(B) the amount by which the limitation provided by section 904 for such taxable year exceeds the sum of
(i) the taxes paid or accrued (or deemed to have been paid under section 902 or 960) to all foreign countries and possessions of the United States during such taxable year,
(ii) the amount of such taxes which were deemed paid or accrued in such taxable year under section 904 (c) and which are attributable to taxable years preceding the unused credit year, plus
(iii) the amount of the oil and gas extraction taxes which by reason of this subsection are deemed paid or accrued in such taxable year and are attributable to taxable years preceding the unused credit year.
(3) Special rules 

(A) In the case of any taxable year which is an unused credit year under this subsection and which is an unused credit year under section 904 (c), the provisions of this subsection shall be applied before section 904 (c).
(B) For purposes of determining the amount of taxes paid or accrued in any taxable year which may be deemed paid or accrued in a preceding or succeeding taxable year under section 904 (c), any tax deemed paid or accrued in such preceding or succeeding taxable year under this subsection shall be considered to be tax paid or accrued in such preceding or succeeding taxable year.
[1] So in original. The period probably should be a comma.
[2] So in original. Probably should be “years,”.

26 USC 908 - Reduction of credit for participation in or cooperation with an international boycott

(a) In general 
If a person, or a member of a controlled group (within the meaning of section 993 (a)(3)) which includes such person, participates in or cooperates with an international boycott during the taxable year (within the meaning of section 999 (b)), the amount of the credit allowable under section 901 to such person, or under section 902 or 960 to United States shareholders of such person, for foreign taxes paid during the taxable year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the product of
(1) the amount of the credit which, but for this section, would be allowed under section 901 for the taxable year, multiplied by
(2) the international boycott factor (determined under section 999).
(b) Application with sections 275 (a)(4) and 78 
Section 275 (a)(4) and section 78 shall not apply to any amount of taxes denied credit under subsection (a).

Subpart B - Earned Income of Citizens or Residents of United States

26 USC 911 - Citizens or residents of the United States living abroad

(a) Exclusion from gross income 
At the election of a qualified individual (made separately with respect to paragraphs (1) and (2)), there shall be excluded from the gross income of such individual, and exempt from taxation under this subtitle, for any taxable year
(1) the foreign earned income of such individual, and
(2) the housing cost amount of such individual.
(b) Foreign earned income 

(1) Definition 
For purposes of this section
(A) In general 
The term foreign earned income with respect to any individual means the amount received by such individual from sources within a foreign country or countries which constitute earned income attributable to services performed by such individual during the period described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (d)(1), whichever is applicable.
(B) Certain amounts not included in foreign earned income 
The foreign earned income for an individual shall not include amounts
(i) received as a pension or annuity,
(ii) paid by the United States or an agency thereof to an employee of the United States or an agency thereof,
(iii) included in gross income by reason of section 402 (b) (relating to taxability of beneficiary of nonexempt trust) or section 403 (c) (relating to taxability of beneficiary under a nonqualified annuity), or
(iv) received after the close of the taxable year following the taxable year in which the services to which the amounts are attributable are performed.
(2) Limitation on foreign earned income 

(A) In general 
The foreign earned income of an individual which may be excluded under subsection (a)(1) for any taxable year shall not exceed the amount of foreign earned income computed on a daily basis at an annual rate equal to the exclusion amount for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins.
(B) Attribution to year in which services are performed 
For purposes of applying subparagraph (A), amounts received shall be considered received in the taxable year in which the services to which the amounts are attributable are performed.
(C) Treatment of community income 
In applying subparagraph (A) with respect to amounts received from services performed by a husband or wife which are community income under community property laws applicable to such income, the aggregate amount which may be excludable from the gross income of such husband and wife under subsection (a)(1) for any taxable year shall equal the amount which would be so excludable if such amounts did not constitute community income.
(D) Exclusion amount 

(i) In general The exclusion amount for any calendar year is the exclusion amount determined in accordance with the following table (as adjusted by clause (ii)):
(ii) Inflation adjustment In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 2005, the $80,000 amount in clause (i) shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of
(I) such dollar amount, and
(II) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1 (f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, determined by substituting 2004 for 1992 in subparagraph (B) thereof.

If any increase determined under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $100, such increase shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $100.

(c) Housing cost amount 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
The term housing cost amount means an amount equal to the excess of
(A) the housing expenses of an individual for the taxable year to the extent such expenses do not exceed the amount determined under paragraph (2), over
(B) an amount equal to the product of
(i) 16 percent of the amount (computed on a daily basis) in effect under subsection (b)(2)(D) for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins, multiplied by
(ii) the number of days of such taxable year within the applicable period described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (d)(1).
(2) Limitation 

(A) In general 
The amount determined under this paragraph is an amount equal to the product of
(i) 30 percent (adjusted as may be provided under subparagraph (B)) of the amount (computed on a daily basis) in effect under subsection (b)(2)(D) for the calendar year in which the taxable year of the individual begins, multiplied by
(ii) the number of days of such taxable year within the applicable period described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (d)(1).
(B) Regulations 
The Secretary may issue regulations or other guidance providing for the adjustment of the percentage under subparagraph (A)(i) on the basis of geographic differences in housing costs relative to housing costs in the United States.
(3) Housing expenses 

(A) In general 
The term housing expenses means the reasonable expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year by or on behalf of an individual for housing for the individual (and, if they reside with him, for his spouse and dependents) in a foreign country. The term
(i) includes expenses attributable to the housing (such as utilities and insurance), but
(ii) does not include interest and taxes of the kind deductible under section 163 or 164 or any amount allowable as a deduction under section 216 (a).

Housing expenses shall not be treated as reasonable to the extent such expenses are lavish or extravagant under the circumstances.

(B) Second foreign household 

(i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), only housing expenses incurred with respect to that abode which bears the closest relationship to the tax home of the individual shall be taken into account under paragraph (1).
(ii) Separate household for spouse and dependents If an individual maintains a separate abode outside the United States for his spouse and dependents and they do not reside with him because of living conditions which are dangerous, unhealthful, or otherwise adverse, then
(I) the words if they reside with him in subparagraph (A) shall be disregarded, and
(II) the housing expenses incurred with respect to such abode shall be taken into account under paragraph (1).
(4) Special rules where housing expenses not provided by employer 

(A) In general 
To the extent the housing cost amount of any individual for any taxable year is not attributable to employer provided amounts, such amount shall be treated as a deduction allowable in computing adjusted gross income to the extent of the limitation of subparagraph (B).
(B) Limitation 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the limitation of this subparagraph is the excess of
(i) the foreign earned income of the individual for the taxable year, over
(ii) the amount of such income excluded from gross income under subsection (a) for the taxable year.
(C) 1-year carryover of housing amounts not allowed by reason of subparagraph (B) 

(i) In general The amount not allowable as a deduction for any taxable year under subparagraph (A) by reason of the limitation of subparagraph (B) shall be treated as a deduction allowable in computing adjusted gross income for the succeeding taxable year (and only for the succeeding taxable year) to the extent of the limitation of clause (ii) for such succeeding taxable year.
(ii) Limitation For purposes of clause (i), the limitation of this clause for any taxable year is the excess of
(I) the limitation of subparagraph (B) for such taxable year, over
(II) amounts treated as a deduction under subparagraph (A) for such taxable year.
(D) Employer provided amounts 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term employer provided amounts means any amount paid or incurred on behalf of the individual by the individuals employer which is foreign earned income included in the individuals gross income for the taxable year (without regard to this section).
(E) Foreign earned income 
For purposes of this paragraph, an individuals foreign earned income for any taxable year shall be determined without regard to the limitation of subparagraph (A) of subsection (b)(2).
(d) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Qualified individual 
The term qualified individual means an individual whose tax home is in a foreign country and who is
(A) a citizen of the United States and establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that he has been a bona fide resident of a foreign country or countries for an uninterrupted period which includes an entire taxable year, or
(B) a citizen or resident of the United States and who, during any period of 12 consecutive months, is present in a foreign country or countries during at least 330 full days in such period.
(2) Earned income 

(A) In general 
The term earned income means wages, salaries, or professional fees, and other amounts received as compensation for personal services actually rendered, but does not include that part of the compensation derived by the taxpayer for personal services rendered by him to a corporation which represents a distribution of earnings or profits rather than a reasonable allowance as compensation for the personal services actually rendered.
(B) Taxpayer engaged in trade or business 
In the case of a taxpayer engaged in a trade or business in which both personal services and capital are material income-producing factors, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a reasonable allowance as compensation for the personal services rendered by the taxpayer, not in excess of 30 percent of his share of the net profits of such trade or business, shall be considered as earned income.
(3) Tax home 
The term tax home means, with respect to any individual, such individuals home for purposes of section 162 (a)(2) (relating to traveling expenses while away from home). An individual shall not be treated as having a tax home in a foreign country for any period for which his abode is within the United States.
(4) Waiver of period of stay in foreign country 
Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an individual who
(A) is a bona fide resident of, or is present in, a foreign country for any period,
(B) leaves such foreign country after August 31, 1978
(i) during any period during which the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State or his delegate, that individuals were required to leave such foreign country because of war, civil unrest, or similar adverse conditions in such foreign country which precluded the normal conduct of business by such individuals, and
(ii) before meeting the requirements of such paragraph (1), and
(C) establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such individual could reasonably have been expected to have met such requirements but for the conditions referred to in clause (i) of subparagraph (B),

shall be treated as a qualified individual with respect to the period described in subparagraph (A) during which he was a bona fide resident of, or was present in, the foreign country, and in applying subsections (b)(2)(A), (c)(1)(B)(ii), and (c)(2)(A)(ii) with respect to such individual, only the days within such period shall be taken into account.

(5) Test of bona fide residence 
If
(A) an individual who has earned income from sources within a foreign country submits a statement to the authorities of that country that he is not a resident of that country, and
(B) such individual is held not subject as a resident of that country to the income tax of that country by its authorities with respect to such earnings,

then such individual shall not be considered a bona fide resident of that country for purposes of paragraph (1)(A).

(6) Denial of double benefits 
No deduction or exclusion from gross income under this subtitle or credit against the tax imposed by this chapter (including any credit or deduction for the amount of taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or possession of the United States) shall be allowed to the extent such deduction, exclusion, or credit is properly allocable to or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under subsection (a).
(7) Aggregate benefit cannot exceed foreign earned income 
The sum of the amount excluded under subsection (a) and the amount deducted under subsection (c)(4)(A) for the taxable year shall not exceed the individuals foreign earned income for such year.
(8) Limitation on income earned in restricted country 

(A) In general 
If travel (or any transaction in connection with such travel) with respect to any foreign country is subject to the regulations described in subparagraph (B) during any period
(i) the term foreign earned income shall not include any income from sources within such country attributable to services performed during such period,
(ii) the term housing expenses shall not include any expenses allocable to such period for housing in such country or for housing of the spouse or dependents of the taxpayer in another country while the taxpayer is present in such country, and
(iii) an individual shall not be treated as a bona fide resident of, or as present in, a foreign country for any day during which such individual was present in such country during such period.
(B) Regulations 
For purposes of this paragraph, regulations are described in this subparagraph if such regulations
(i) have been adopted pursuant to the Trading With the Enemy Act (50 App. U.S.C. 1 et seq.), or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), and
(ii) include provisions generally prohibiting citizens and residents of the United States from engaging in transactions related to travel to, from, or within a foreign country.
(C) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any individual during any period in which such individuals activities are not in violation of the regulations described in subparagraph (B).
(9) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations providing rules
(A) for cases where a husband and wife each have earned income from sources outside the United States, and
(B) for married individuals filing separate returns.
(e) Election 

(1) In general 
An election under subsection (a) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and to all subsequent taxable years unless revoked under paragraph (2).
(2) Revocation 
A taxpayer may revoke an election made under paragraph (1) for any taxable year after the taxable year for which such election was made. Except with the consent of the Secretary, any taxpayer who makes such a revocation for any taxable year may not make another election under this section for any subsequent taxable year before the 6th taxable year after the taxable year for which such revocation was made.
(f) Determination of tax liability 

(1) In general 
If, for any taxable year, any amount is excluded from gross income of a taxpayer under subsection (a), then, notwithstanding sections 1 and 55
(A) if such taxpayer has taxable income for such taxable year, the tax imposed by section 1 for such taxable year shall be equal to the excess (if any) of
(i) the tax which would be imposed by section 1 for such taxable year if the taxpayers taxable income were increased by the amount excluded under subsection (a) for such taxable year, over
(ii) the tax which would be imposed by section 1 for such taxable year if the taxpayers taxable income were equal to the amount excluded under subsection (a) for such taxable year, and
(B) if such taxpayer has a taxable excess (as defined in section 55 (b)(1)(A)(ii)) for such taxable year, the amount determined under the first sentence of section 55 (b)(1)(A)(i) for such taxable year shall be equal to the excess (if any) of
(i) the amount which would be determined under such sentence for such taxable year (subject to the limitation of section 55 (b)(3)) if the taxpayers taxable excess (as so defined) were increased by the amount excluded under subsection (a) for such taxable year, over
(ii) the amount which would be determined under such sentence for such taxable year if the taxpayers taxable excess (as so defined) were equal to the amount excluded under subsection (a) for such taxable year.
(2) Special rules 

(A) Regular tax 
In applying section 1 (h) for purposes of determining the tax under paragraph (1)(A)(i) for any taxable year in which, without regard to this subsection, the taxpayers net capital gain exceeds taxable income (hereafter in this subparagraph referred to as the capital gain excess)
(i) the taxpayers net capital gain (determined without regard to section 1 (h)(11)) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by such capital gain excess,
(ii) the taxpayers qualified dividend income shall be reduced by so much of such capital gain excess as exceeds the taxpayers net capital gain (determined without regard to section 1 (h)(11) and the reduction under clause (i)), and
(iii) adjusted net capital gain, unrecaptured section 1250 gain, and 28-percent rate gain shall each be determined after increasing the amount described in section 1 (h)(4)(B) by such capital gain excess.
(B) Alternative minimum tax 
In applying section 55 (b)(3) for purposes of determining the tax under paragraph (1)(B)(i) for any taxable year in which, without regard to this subsection, the taxpayers net capital gain exceeds the taxable excess (as defined in section 55 (b)(1)(A)(ii))
(i) the rules of subparagraph (A) shall apply, except that such subparagraph shall be applied by substituting the taxable excess (as defined in section 55 (b)(1)(A)(ii)) for taxable income, and
(ii) the reference in section 55 (b)(3)(B) to the excess described in section 1 (h)(1)(B) shall be treated as a reference to such excess as determined under the rules of subparagraph (A) for purposes of determining the tax under paragraph (1)(A)(i).
(C) Definitions 
Terms used in this paragraph which are also used in section 1 (h) shall have the respective meanings given such terms by section 1 (h), except that in applying subparagraph (B) the adjustments under part VI of subchapter A shall be taken into account.
(g) Cross references 
For administrative and penal provisions relating to the exclusions provided for in this section, see sections 6001, 6011, 6012 (c), and the other provisions of subtitle F.

26 USC 912 - Exemption for certain allowances

The following items shall not be included in gross income, and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle:
(1) Foreign areas allowances 
In the case of civilian officers and employees of the Government of the United States, amounts received as allowances or otherwise (but not amounts received as post differentials) under
(A) chapter 9 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980,
(B) section 4 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, as amended (50 U.S.C., sec. 403e),
(C) title II of the Overseas Differentials and Allowances Act, or
(D) subsection (e) or (f) of the first section of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended, or section 22 of such Act.
(2) Cost-of-living allowances 
In the case of civilian officers or employees of the Government of the United States stationed outside the continental United States (other than Alaska), amounts (other than amounts received under title II of the Overseas Differentials and Allowances Act) received as cost-of-living allowances in accordance with regulations approved by the President (or in the case of judicial officers or employees of the United States, in accordance with rules similar to such regulations).
(3) Peace Corps allowances 
In the case of an individual who is a volunteer or volunteer leader within the meaning of the Peace Corps Act and members of his family, amounts received as allowances under section 5 or 6 of the Peace Corps Act other than amounts received as
(A) termination payments under section 5 (c) or section 6(1) of such Act,
(B) leave allowances,
(C) if such individual is a volunteer leader training in the United States, allowances to members of his family, and
(D) such portion of living allowances as the President may determine under the Peace Corps Act as constituting basic compensation.

26 USC 913 - Repealed. Pub. L. 9734, title I, 112(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 194]

Section, added Pub. L. 95–615, title II, § 203(a), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3100; amended Pub. L. 96–222, title I, § 108(a)(1)(B), (F), Apr. 1, 1980. 94 Stat. 223, 225; Pub. L. 96–608, § 1(a), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3550, related to a deduction for certain expenses of living abroad.

[Subpart C - Repealed]

921 to 927. Repealed. Pub. L. 106519, 2, Nov. 15, 2000, 114 Stat. 2423]

Section 921, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 985, provided for exclusion from gross income of exempt foreign trade income. A prior section 921, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 290; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(116), 90 Stat. 1784, defined Western Hemisphere trade corporation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1052(b), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1648, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1979. Section 922, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 986, defined FSCs. A prior section 922, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 291; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title V, § 502(c), 85 Stat. 550; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1052(a), (c)(1), 90 Stat. 1647, 1648; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, title III, § 301(b)(15), 92 Stat. 2822, related to a special deduction for a Western Hemisphere trade corporation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1052(b), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1648, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1979. Section 923, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 986; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1876(b)(3), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2898, related to exempt foreign trade income. Section 924, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 987; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1876(e)(2), (l), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2899, 2901, related to foreign trading gross receipts. Section 925, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 990, related to transfer pricing rules. Section 926, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 991, related to distributions to shareholders. Section 927, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, 801(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 991; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1876(a)(1), (e)(1), (f)(1), (p)(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2897, 2899, 2902; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1012(bb)(8)(A), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3536; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11704(a)(10), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–518; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13239(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1171(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 987, related to other definitions and special rules.

Subpart D - Possessions of the United States

26 USC 931 - Income from sources within Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands

(a) General rule 
In the case of an individual who is a bona fide resident of a specified possession during the entire taxable year, gross income shall not include
(1) income derived from sources within any specified possession, and
(2) income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by such individual within any specified possession.
(b) Deductions, etc. allocable to excluded amounts not allowable 
An individual shall not be allowed
(1) as a deduction from gross income any deductions (other than the deduction under section 151, relating to personal exemptions), or
(2) any credit,

properly allocable or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under this section.

(c) Specified possession 
For purposes of this section, the term specified possession means Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
(d) Employees of the United States 
Amounts paid for services performed as an employee of the United States (or any agency thereof) shall be treated as not described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a).

26 USC 932 - Coordination of United States and Virgin Islands income taxes

(a) Treatment of United States residents 

(1) Application of subsection 
This subsection shall apply to an individual for the taxable year if
(A) such individual
(i) is a citizen or resident of the United States (other than a bona fide resident of the Virgin Islands during the entire taxable year), and
(ii) has income derived from sources within the Virgin Islands, or effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within such possession, for the taxable year, or
(B) such individual files a joint return for the taxable year with an individual described in subparagraph (A).
(2) Filing requirement 
Each individual to whom this subsection applies for the taxable year shall file his income tax return for the taxable year with both the United States and the Virgin Islands.
(3) Extent of income tax liability 
In the case of an individual to whom this subsection applies in a taxable year for purposes of so much of this title (other than this section and section 7654) as relates to the taxes imposed by this chapter, the United States shall be treated as including the Virgin Islands.
(b) Portion of United States tax liability payable to the Virgin Islands 

(1) In general 
Each individual to whom subsection (a) applies for the taxable year shall pay the applicable percentage of the taxes imposed by this chapter for such taxable year (determined without regard to paragraph (3)) to the Virgin Islands.
(2) Applicable percentage 

(A) In general 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage means the percentage which Virgin Islands adjusted gross income bears to adjusted gross income.
(B) Virgin Islands adjusted gross income 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term Virgin Islands adjusted gross income means adjusted gross income determined by taking into account only income derived from sources within the Virgin Islands and deductions properly apportioned or allocable thereto.
(3) Amounts paid allowed as credit 
There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the taxes required to be paid to the Virgin Islands under paragraph (1) which are so paid.
(c) Treatment of Virgin Islands residents 

(1) Application of subsection 
This subsection shall apply to an individual for the taxable year if
(A) such individual is a bona fide resident of the Virgin Islands during the entire taxable year, or
(B) such individual files a joint return for the taxable year with an individual described in subparagraph (A).
(2) Filing requirement 
Each individual to whom this subsection applies for the taxable year shall file an income tax return for the taxable year with the Virgin Islands.
(3) Extent of income tax liability 
In the case of an individual to whom this subsection applies in a taxable year for purposes of so much of this title (other than this section and section 7654) as relates to the taxes imposed by this chapter, the Virgin Islands shall be treated as including the United States.
(4) Residents of the Virgin Islands 
In the case of an individual
(A) who is a bona fide resident of the Virgin Islands during the entire taxable year,
(B) who, on his return of income tax to the Virgin Islands, reports income from all sources and identifies the source of each item shown on such return, and
(C) who fully pays his tax liability referred to in section 934 (a) to the Virgin Islands with respect to such income,

for purposes of calculating income tax liability to the United States, gross income shall not include any amount included in gross income on such return, and allocable deductions and credits shall not be taken into account.

(d) Special rule for joint returns 
In the case of a joint return, this section shall be applied on the basis of the residence of the spouse who has the greater adjusted gross income (determined without regard to community property laws) for the taxable year.
(e) Special rule for applying section to tax imposed in Virgin Islands 
In applying this section for purposes of determining income tax liability incurred to the Virgin Islands, the provisions of this section shall not be affected by the provisions of Federal law referred to in section 934 (a).

26 USC 933 - Income from sources within Puerto Rico

The following items shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this subtitle:
(1) Resident of Puerto Rico for entire taxable year 
In the case of an individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year, income derived from sources within Puerto Rico (except amounts received for services performed as an employee of the United States or any agency thereof); but such individual shall not be allowed as a deduction from his gross income any deductions (other than the deduction under section 151, relating to personal exemptions), or any credit, properly allocable to or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under this paragraph.
(2) Taxable year of change of residence from Puerto Rico 
In the case of an individual citizen of the United States who has been a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico for a period of at least 2 years before the date on which he changes his residence from Puerto Rico, income derived from sources therein (except amounts received for services performed as an employee of the United States or any agency thereof) which is attributable to that part of such period of Puerto Rican residence before such date; but such individual shall not be allowed as a deduction from his gross income any deductions (other than the deduction for personal exemptions under section 151), or any credit, properly allocable to or chargeable against amounts excluded from gross income under this paragraph.

26 USC 934 - Limitation on reduction in income tax liability incurred to the Virgin Islands

(a) General rule 
Tax liability incurred to the Virgin Islands pursuant to this subtitle, as made applicable in the Virgin Islands by the Act entitled An Act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, and for other purposes, approved July 12, 1921 (48 U.S.C. 1397), or pursuant to section 28(a) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, approved July 22, 1954 (48 U.S.C. 1642), shall not be reduced or remitted in any way, directly or indirectly, whether by grant, subsidy, or other similar payment, by any law enacted in the Virgin Islands, except to the extent provided in subsection (b).
(b) Reductions permitted with respect to certain income 

(1) In general 
Except as provided in paragraph (2), subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to so much of the tax liability referred to in subsection (a) as is attributable to income derived from sources within the Virgin Islands or income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the Virgin Islands.
(2) Exception for liability paid by citizens or residents of the United States 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any liability payable to the Virgin Islands under section 932 (b).
(3) Special rule for non-United States income of certain foreign corporations 

(A) In general 
In the case of a qualified foreign corporation, subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to so much of the tax liability referred to in subsection (a) as is attributable to income which is derived from sources outside the United States and which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
(B) Qualified foreign corporation 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term qualified foreign corporation means any foreign corporation if less than 10 percent of
(i) the total voting power of the stock of such corporation, and
(ii) the total value of the stock of such corporation, is owned or treated as owned (within the meaning of section 958) by 1 or more United States persons.
(4) Determination of income source, etc. 
The determination as to whether income is derived from sources within the United States or is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

26 USC 934A - Repealed. Pub. L. 99514, title XII, 1275(c)(3), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2599]

Section, added Pub. L. 97–455, § 1(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2497, related to income tax rate on Virgin Islands source income.

26 USC 935 - Repealed. Pub. L. 99514, title XII, 1272(d)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2594]

Section, added Pub. L. 92–606, § 1(a), Oct. 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 1494; amended Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 908(c)(4), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1656, related to coordination of United States and Guam individual income taxes.

26 USC 936 - Puerto Rico and possession tax credit

(a) Allowance of credit 

(1) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, if a domestic corporation elects the application of this section and if the conditions of both subparagraph (A) and subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) are satisfied, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter an amount equal to the portion of the tax which is attributable to the sum of
(A) the taxable income, from sources without the United States, from
(i) the active conduct of a trade or business within a possession of the United States, or
(ii) the sale or exchange of substantially all of the assets used by the taxpayer in the active conduct of such trade or business, and
(B) the qualified possession source investment income.
(2) Conditions which must be satisfied 
The conditions referred to in paragraph (1) are:
(A) 3-year period 
If 80 percent or more of the gross income of such domestic corporation for the 3-year period immediately preceding the close of the taxable year (or for such part of such period immediately preceding the close of such taxable year as may be applicable) was derived from sources within a possession of the United States (determined without regard to subsections (f) and (g) of section 904); and
(B) Trade or business 
If 75 percent or more of the gross income of such domestic corporation for such period or such part thereof was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business within a possession of the United States.
(3) Credit not allowed against certain taxes 
The credit provided by paragraph (1) shall not be allowed against the tax imposed by
(A) section 59A (relating to environmental tax),
(B) section 531 (relating to the tax on accumulated earnings),
(C) section 541 (relating to personal holding company tax), or
(D) section 1351 (relating to recoveries of foreign expropriation losses).
(4) Limitations on credit for active business income 

(A) In general 
The amount of the credit determined under paragraph (1) for any taxable year with respect to income referred to in subparagraph (A) thereof shall not exceed the sum of the following amounts:
(i) 60 percent of the sum of
(I) the aggregate amount of the possession corporations qualified possession wages for such taxable year, plus
(II) the allocable employee fringe benefit expenses of the possession corporation for the taxable year.
(ii) The sum of
(I) 15 percent of the depreciation allowances for the taxable year with respect to short-life qualified tangible property,
(II) 40 percent of the depreciation allowances for the taxable year with respect to medium-life qualified tangible property, and
(III) 65 percent of the depreciation allowances for the taxable year with respect to long-life qualified tangible property.
(iii) If the possession corporation does not have an election to use the method described in subsection (h)(5)(C)(ii) (relating to profit split) in effect for the taxable year, the amount of qualified possession income taxes for the taxable year allocable to nonsheltered income.
(B) Election to take reduced credit 

(i) In general If an election under this subparagraph applies to a possession corporation for any taxable year
(I) subparagraph (A), and the provisions of subsection (i), shall not apply to such possession corporation for such taxable year, and
(II) the credit determined under paragraph (1) for such taxable year with respect to income referred to in subparagraph (A) thereof shall be the applicable percentage of the credit which would otherwise have been determined under such paragraph with respect to such income.

Notwithstanding subclause (I), a possession corporation to which an election under this subparagraph applies shall be entitled to the benefits of subsection (i)(3)(B) for taxes allocable (on a pro rata basis) to taxable income the tax on which is not offset by reason of this subparagraph.

(ii) Applicable percentage The term applicable percentage means the percentage determined in accordance with the following table: In the case of taxable The years beginning in: percentage is: 1994 60 1995 55 1996 50 1997 45 1998 and thereafter 40.
(iii) Election
(I) In general An election under this subparagraph by any possession corporation may be made only for the corporations first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1993, for which it is a possession corporation.
(II) Period of election An election under this subparagraph shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked.
(III) Affiliated groups If, for any taxable year, an election is not in effect for any possession corporation which is a member of an affiliated group, any election under this subparagraph for any other member of such group is revoked for such taxable year and all subsequent taxable years. For purposes of this subclause, members of an affiliated group shall be determined without regard to the exceptions contained in section 1504 (b) and as if the constructive ownership rules of section 1563 (e) applied for purposes of section 1504 (a). The Secretary may prescribe regulations to prevent the avoidance of this subclause through deconsolidation or otherwise.
(C) Cross reference 
For definitions and special rules applicable to this paragraph, see subsection (i).
(b) Amounts received in United States 
In determining taxable income for purposes of subsection (a), there shall not be taken into account as income from sources without the United States any gross income which was received by such domestic corporation within the United States, whether derived from sources within or without the United States. This subsection shall not apply to any amount described in subsection (a)(1)(A)(i) received from a person who is not a related person (within the meaning of subsection (h)(3) but without regard to subparagraphs (D)(ii) and (E)(i) thereof) with respect to the domestic corporation.
(c) Treatment of certain foreign taxes 
For purposes of this title, any tax of a foreign country or a possession of the United States which is paid or accrued with respect to taxable income which is taken into account in computing the credit under subsection (a) shall not be treated as income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or possession of the United States, and no deduction shall be allowed under this title with respect to any amounts so paid or accrued.
(d) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Possession 
The term possession of the United States includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
(2) Qualified possession source investment income 
The term qualified possession source investment income means gross income which
(A) is from sources within a possession of the United States in which a trade or business is actively conducted, and
(B) the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary is attributable to the investment in such possession (for use therein) of funds derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in such possession, or from such investment,

less the deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto.

(3) Carryover basis property 

(A) In general 
Income from the sale or exchange of any asset the basis of which is determined in whole or in part by reference to its basis in the hands of another person shall not be treated as income described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1).
(B) Exception for possessions corporations, etc. 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the holding of any asset by another person shall not be taken into account if throughout the period for which such asset was held by such person section 931, this section, or section 957 (c) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) applied to such person.
(4) Investment in qualified Caribbean Basin countries 

(A) In general 
For purposes of paragraph (2)(B), an investment in a financial institution shall, subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations, be treated as for use in Puerto Rico to the extent used by such financial institution (or by the Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico or the Puerto Rico Economic Development Bank)
(i) for investment, consistent with the goals and purposes of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, in
(I) active business assets in a qualified Caribbean Basin country, or
(II) development projects in a qualified Caribbean Basin country, and
(ii) in accordance with a specific authorization granted by the Commissioner of Financial Institutions of Puerto Rico pursuant to regulations issued by such Commissioner.

A similar rule shall apply in the case of a direct investment in the Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico or the Puerto Rico Economic Development Bank.

(B) Qualified Caribbean Basin country 
For purposes of this subsection, the term qualified Caribbean Basin country means any beneficiary country (within the meaning of section 212(a)(1)(A) of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act) which meets the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of section 274 (h)(6)(A) and the Virgin Islands.
(C) Additional requirements 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any investment made by a financial institution (or by the Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico or the Puerto Rico Economic Development Bank) unless
(i) the person in whose trade or business such investment is made (or such other recipient of the investment) and the financial institution or such Bank certify to the Secretary and the Commissioner of Financial Institutions of Puerto Rico that the proceeds of the loan will be promptly used to acquire active business assets or to make other authorized expenditures, and
(ii) the financial institution (or the Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico or the Puerto Rico Economic Development Bank) and the recipient of the investment funds agree to permit the Secretary and the Commissioner of Financial Institutions of Puerto Rico to examine such of their books and records as may be necessary to ensure that the requirements of this paragraph are met.
(D) Requirement for investment in Caribbean Basin countries 

(i) In general For each calendar year, the government of Puerto Rico shall take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that at least $100,000,000 of qualified Caribbean Basin country investments are made during such calendar year.
(ii) Qualified Caribbean Basin country investment For purposes of clause (i), the term qualified Caribbean Basin country investment means any investment if
(I) the income from such investment is treated as qualified possession source investment income by reason of subparagraph (A), and
(II) such investment is not (directly or indirectly) a refinancing of a prior investment (whether or not such prior investment was a qualified Caribbean Basin country investment).
(e) Election 

(1) Period of election 
The election provided in subsection (a) shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe. Any such election shall apply to the first taxable year for which such election was made and for which the domestic corporation satisfied the conditions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2) and for each taxable year thereafter until such election is revoked by the domestic corporation under paragraph (2). If any such election is revoked by the domestic corporation under paragraph (2), such domestic corporation may make a subsequent election under subsection (a) for any taxable year thereafter for which such domestic corporation satisfies the conditions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2) and any such subsequent election shall remain in effect until revoked by such domestic corporation under paragraph (2).
(2) Revocation 
An election under subsection (a)
(A) may be revoked for any taxable year beginning before the expiration of the 9th taxable year following the taxable year for which such election first applies only with the consent of the Secretary; and
(B) may be revoked for any taxable year beginning after the expiration of such 9th taxable year without the consent of the Secretary.
(f) Limitation on credit for DISC’s and FSC’s 
No credit shall be allowed under this section to a corporation for any taxable year
(1) for which it is a DISC or former DISC, or
(2) in which it owns at any time stock in a
(A) DISC or former DISC, or
(B) former FSC.
(g) Exception to accumulated earnings tax 

(1) For purposes of section 535, the term accumulated taxable income shall not include taxable income entitled to the credit under subsection (a).
(2) For purposes of section 537, the term reasonable needs of the business includes assets which produce income eligible for the credit under subsection (a).
(h) Tax treatment of intangible property income 

(1) In general 

(A) Income attributable to shareholders 
The intangible property income of a corporation electing the application of this section for any taxable year shall be included on a pro rata basis in the gross income of all shareholders of such electing corporation at the close of the taxable year of such electing corporation as income from sources within the United States for the taxable year of such shareholder in which or with which the taxable year of such electing corporation ends.
(B) Exclusion from the income of an electing corporation 
Any intangible property income of a corporation electing the application of this section which is included in the gross income of a shareholder of such corporation by reason of subparagraph (A) shall be excluded from the gross income of such corporation.
(2) Foreign shareholders; shareholders not subject to tax 

(A) In general 
Paragraph (1)(A) shall not apply with respect to any shareholder
(i) who is not a United States person, or
(ii) who is not subject to tax under this title on intangible property income which would be allocated to such shareholder (but for this subparagraph).
(B) Treatment of nonallocated intangible property income 
For purposes of this subtitle, intangible property income of a corporation electing the application of this section which is not included in the gross income of a shareholder of such corporation by reason of subparagraph (A)
(i) shall be treated as income from sources within the United States, and
(ii) shall not be taken into account under subsection (a)(2).
(3) Intangible property income 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term intangible property income means the gross income of a corporation attributable to any intangible property other than intangible property which has been licensed to such corporation since prior to 1948 and is in use by such corporation on the date of the enactment of this subparagraph.
(B) Intangible property 
The term intangible property means any
(i) patent, invention, formula, process, design, pattern, or know-how;
(ii) copyright, literary, musical, or artistic composition;
(iii) trademark, trade name, or brand name;
(iv) franchise, license, or contract;
(v) method, program, system, procedure, campaign, survey, study, forecast, estimate, customer list, or technical data; or
(vi) any similar item,

which has substantial value independent of the services of any individual.

(C) Exclusion of reasonable profit 
The term intangible property income shall not include any portion of the income from the sale, exchange or other disposition of any product, or from the rendering of services, by a corporation electing the application of this section which is determined by the Secretary to be a reasonable profit on the direct and indirect costs incurred by such electing corporation which are attributable to such income.
(D) Related person 

(i) In general A person (hereinafter referred to as the related person) is related to any person if
(I) the related person bears a relationship to such person specified in section 267 (b) or section 707 (b)(1), or
(II) the related person and such person are members of the same controlled group of corporations.
(ii) Special rule For purposes of clause (i), section 267 (b) and section 707 (b)(1) shall be applied by substituting 10 percent for 50 percent.
(E) Controlled group of corporations 
The term controlled group of corporations has the meaning given to such term by section 1563 (a), except that
(i) more than 10 percent shall be substituted for at least 80 percent and more than 50 percent each place either appears in section 1563 (a), and
(ii) the determination shall be made without regard to subsections (a)(4), (b)(2), and (e)(3)(C) of section 1563.
(4) Distributions to meet qualification requirements 

(A) In general 
If the Secretary determines that a corporation does not satisfy a condition specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(2) for any taxable year by reason of the exclusion from gross income under paragraph (1)(B), such corporation shall nevertheless be treated as satisfying such condition for such year if it makes a pro rata distribution of property after the close of such taxable year to its shareholders (designated at the time of such distribution as a distribution to meet qualification requirements) with respect to their stock in an amount which is equal to
(i) if the condition of subsection (a)(2)(A) is not satisfied, that portion of the gross income for the period described in subsection (a)(2)(A)
(I) which was not derived from sources within a possession, and
(II) which exceeds the amount of such income for such period which would enable such corporation to satisfy the condition of subsection (a)(2)(A),
(ii) if the condition of subsection (a)(2)(B) is not satisfied, that portion of the gross income for such period
(I) which was not derived from the active conduct of a trade or business within a possession, and
(II) which exceeds the amount of such income for such period which would enable such corporation to satisfy the conditions of subsection (a)(2)(B), or
(iii) if neither of such conditions is satisfied, that portion of the gross income which exceeds the amount of gross income for such period which would enable such corporation to satisfy the conditions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2).
(B) Effectively connected income 
In the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, trust, or estate, any distribution described in subparagraph (A) shall be treated as income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business conducted through a permanent establishment of such shareholder within the United States.
(C) Distribution denied in case of fraud or willful neglect 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a corporation if the determination of the Secretary described in subparagraph (A) contains a finding that the failure of such corporation to satisfy the conditions in subsection (a)(2) was due in whole or in part to fraud with intent to evade tax or willful neglect on the part of such corporation.
(5) Election out 

(A) In general 
The rules contained in paragraphs (1) through (4) do not apply for any taxable year if an election pursuant to subparagraph (F) is in effect to use one of the methods specified in subparagraph (C).
(B) Eligibility 

(i) Requirement of significant business presence An election may be made to use one of the methods specified in subparagraph (C) with respect to a product or type of service only if an electing corporation has a significant business presence in a possession with respect to such product or type of service. An election may remain in effect with respect to such product or type of service for any subsequent taxable year only if such electing corporation maintains a significant business presence in a possession with respect to such product or type of service in such subsequent taxable year. If an election is not in effect for a taxable year because of the preceding sentence, the electing corporation shall be deemed to have revoked the election on the first day of such taxable year.
(ii) Definition For purposes of this subparagraph, an electing corporation has a significant business presence in a possession for a taxable year with respect to a product or type of service if:
(I) the total production costs (other than direct material costs and other than interest excluded by regulations prescribed by the Secretary) incurred by the electing corporation in the possession in producing units of that product sold or otherwise disposed of during the taxable year by the affiliated group to persons who are not members of the affiliated group are not less than 25 percent of the difference between (a) the gross receipts from sales or other dispositions during the taxable year by the affiliated group to persons who are not members of the affiliated group of such units of the product produced, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation in the possession, and (b) the direct material costs of the purchase of materials for such units of that product by all members of the affiliated group from persons who are not members of the affiliated group; or
(II) no less than 65 percent of the direct labor costs of the affiliated group for units of the product produced during the taxable year in whole or in part by the electing corporation or for the type of service rendered by the electing corporation during the taxable year, is incurred by the electing corporation and is compensation for services performed in the possession; or
(III) with respect to purchases and sales by an electing corporation of all goods not produced in whole or in part by any member of the affiliated group and sold by the electing corporation to persons other than members of the affiliated group, no less than 65 percent of the total direct labor costs of the affiliated group in connection with all purchases and sales of such goods sold during the taxable year by such electing corporation is incurred by such electing corporation and is compensation for services performed in the possession.

Notwithstanding satisfaction of one of the foregoing tests, an electing corporation shall not be treated as having a significant business presence in a possession with respect to a product produced in whole or in part by the electing corporation in the possession, for purposes of an election to use the method specified in subparagraph (C)(ii), unless such product is manufactured or produced in the possession by the electing corporation within the meaning of subsection (d)(1)(A) of section 954.

(iii) Special rules
(I) An electing corporation which produces a product or renders a type of service in a possession on the date of the enactment of this clause is not required to meet the significant business presence test in a possession with respect to such product or type of service for its taxable years beginning before January 1, 1986.
(II) For purposes of this subparagraph, the costs incurred by an electing corporation or any other member of the affiliated group in connection with contract manufacturing by a person other than a member of the affiliated group, or in connection with a similar arrangement thereto, shall be treated as direct labor costs of the affiliated group and shall not be treated as production costs incurred by the electing corporation in the possession or as direct material costs or as compensation for services performed in the possession, except to the extent as may be otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(iv) Regulations The Secretary may prescribe regulations setting forth:
(I) an appropriate transitional (but not in excess of three taxable years) significant business presence test for commencement in a possession of operations with respect to products or types of service after the date of the enactment of this clause and not described in subparagraph (B)(iii)(I),
(II) a significant business presence test for other appropriate cases, consistent with the tests specified in subparagraph (B)(ii),
(III) rules for the definition of a product or type of service, and
(IV) rules for treating components produced in whole or in part by a related person as materials, and the costs (including direct labor costs) related thereto as a cost of materials, where there is an independent resale price for such components or where otherwise consistent with the intent of the substantial business presence tests.
(C) Methods of computation of taxable income 
If an election of one of the following methods is in effect pursuant to subparagraph (F) with respect to a product or type of service, an electing corporation shall compute its income derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in a possession with respect to such product or type of service in accordance with the method which is elected.
(i) Cost sharing
(I) Payment of cost sharing If an election of this method is in effect, the electing corporation must make a payment for its share of the cost (if any) of product area research which is paid or accrued by the affiliated group during that taxable year. Such share shall not be less than the same proportion of 110 percent of the cost of such product area research which the amount of possession sales bears to the amount of total sales of the affiliated group. The cost of product area research paid or accrued solely by the electing corporation in a taxable year (excluding amounts paid directly or indirectly to or on behalf of related persons and excluding amounts paid under any cost sharing agreements with related persons) will reduce (but not below zero) the amount of the electing corporations cost sharing payment under this method for that year. In the case of intangible property described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i) which the electing corporation is treated as owning under subclause (II), in no event shall the payment required under this subclause be less than the inclusion or payment which would be required under section 367 (d)(2)(A)(ii) or section 482 if the electing corporation were a foreign corporation.
(a) Product area research For purposes of this section, the term product area research includes (notwithstanding any provision to the contrary) the research, development and experimental costs, losses, expenses and other related deductionsincluding amounts paid or accrued for the performance of research or similar activities by another person; qualified research expenses within the meaning of section 41 (b); amounts paid or accrued for the use of, or the right to use, research or any of the items specified in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i); and a proper allowance for amounts incurred for the acquisition of any of the items specified in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i)which are properly apportioned or allocated to the same product area as that in which the electing corporation conducts its activities, and a ratable part of any such costs, losses, expenses and other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to a particular product area.
(b) Affiliated group For purposes of this subsection, the term affiliated group shall mean the electing corporation and all other organizations, trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated, whether or not organized in the United States, and whether or not affiliated) owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the same interests, within the meaning of section 482.
(c) Possession sales For purposes of this section, the term possession sales means the aggregate sales or other dispositions for the taxable year to persons who are not members of the affiliated group by members of the affiliated group of products produced, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation in the possession which are in the same product area as is used for determining the amount of product area research, and of services rendered, in whole or in part, in the possession in such product area to persons who are not members of the affiliated group.
(d) Total sales For purposes of this section, the term total sales means the aggregate sales or other dispositions for the taxable year to persons who are not members of the affiliated group by members of the affiliated group of all products in the same product area as is used for determining the amount of product area research, and of services rendered in such product area to persons who are not members of the affiliated group.
(e) Product area For purposes of this section, the term product area shall be defined by reference to the three-digit classification of the Standard Industrial Classification code. The Secretary may provide for the aggregation of two or more three-digit classifications where appropriate, and for a classification system other than the Standard Industrial Classification code in appropriate cases.
(II) Effect of election For purposes of determining the amount of its gross income derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in a possession with respect to a product produced by, or type of service rendered by, the electing corporation for a taxable year, if an election of this method is in effect, the electing corporation shall be treated as the owner (for purposes of obtaining a return thereon) of intangible property described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i) which is related to the units of the product produced, or type of service rendered, by the electing corporation. Such electing corporation shall not be treated as the owner (for purposes of obtaining a return thereon) of any intangible property described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(ii) through (v) (to the extent not described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i)) or of any other nonmanufacturing intangible. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, an electing corporation shall be treated as the owner (for purposes of obtaining a return thereon) of (a) intangible property which was developed solely by such corporation in a possession and is owned by such corporation, (b) intangible property described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i) acquired by such corporation from a person who was not related to such corporation (or to any person related to such corporation) at the time of, or in connection with, such acquisition, and (c) any intangible property described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(ii) through (v) (to the extent not described in subsection (h)(3)(B)(i)) and other nonmanufacturing intangibles which relate to sales of units of products, or services rendered, to unrelated persons for ultimate consumption or use in the possession in which the electing corporation conducts its trade or business.
(III) Payment provisions
(a) The cost sharing payment determined under subparagraph (C)(i)(I) for any taxable year shall be made to the person or persons specified in subparagraph (C)(i)(IV)(a) not later than the time prescribed by law for filing the electing corporations return for such taxable year (including any extensions thereof). If all or part of such payment is not timely made, the amount of the cost sharing payment required to be paid shall be increased by the amount of interest that would have been due under section 6601 (a) had the portion of the cost sharing payment that is not timely made been an amount of tax imposed by this title and had the last date prescribed for payment been the due date of the electing corporations[1] return (determined without regard to any extension thereof). The amount by which a cost sharing payment determined under subparagraph (C)(i)(I) is increased by reason of the preceding sentence shall not be treated as a cost sharing payment or as interest. If failure to make timely payment is due in whole or in part to fraud or willful neglect, the electing corporation shall be deemed to have revoked the election made under subparagraph (A) on the first day of the taxable year for which the cost sharing payment was required.
(b) For purposes of this title, any tax of a foreign country or possession of the United States which is paid or accrued with respect to the payment or receipt of a cost sharing payment determined under subparagraph (C)(i)(I) or of an amount of increase referred to in subparagraph (C)(i)(III)(a) shall not be treated as income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to a foreign country or possession of the United States, and no deduction shall be allowed under this title with respect to any amounts of such tax so paid or accrued.
(IV) Special rules
(a) The amount of the cost sharing payment determined under subparagraph (C)(i)(I), and any increase in the amount thereof in accordance with subparagraph (C)(i)(III)(a), shall not be treated as income of the recipient, but shall reduce the amount of the deductions (and the amount of reductions in earnings and profits) otherwise allowable to the appropriate domestic member or members (other than an electing corporation) of the affiliated group, or, if there is no such domestic member, to the foreign member or members of such affiliated group as the Secretary may provide under regulations.
(b) If an election of this method is in effect, the electing corporation shall determine its intercompany pricing under the appropriate section 482 method, provided, however, that an electing corporation shall not be denied use of the resale price method for purposes of such intercompany pricing merely because the reseller adds more than an insubstantial amount to the value of the product by the use of intangible property.
(c) The amount of qualified research expenses, within the meaning of section 41, of any member of the controlled group of corporations (as defined in section 41(f)) of which the electing corporation is a member shall not be affected by the cost sharing payment required under this method.
(ii) Profit split
(I) General rule If an election of this method is in effect, the electing corporations taxable income derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in a possession with respect to units of a product produced or type of service rendered, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation shall be equal to 50 percent of the combined taxable income of the affiliated group (other than foreign affiliates) derived from covered sales of units of the product produced or type of service rendered, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation in a possession.
(II) Computation of combined taxable income Combined taxable income shall be computed separately for each product produced or type of service rendered, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation in a possession. Combined taxable income shall be computed (notwithstanding any provision to the contrary) for each such product or type of service rendered by deducting from the gross income of the affiliated group (other than foreign affiliates) derived from covered sales of such product or type of service all expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated to gross income from such sales or services, and a ratable part of all expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income, which are incurred by the affiliated group (other than foreign affiliates). Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, in computing the combined taxable income for each such product or type of service rendered, the research, development, and experimental costs, expenses and related deductions for the taxable year which would otherwise be apportioned or allocated to the gross income of the affiliated group (other than foreign affiliates) derived from covered sales of such product produced or type of service rendered, in whole or in part, by the electing corporation in a possession, shall not be less than the same proportion of the amount of the share of product area research determined under subparagraph (C)(i)(I) (without regard to the third and fourth sentences thereof, but substituting 120 percent for 110 percent in the second sentence thereof) in the product area which includes such product or type of service, that such gross income from the product or type of service bears to such gross income from all products and types of services, within such product area, produced or rendered, in whole or part, by the electing corporation in a possession.
(III) Division of combined taxable income 50 percent of the combined taxable income computed as provided in subparagraph (C)(ii)(II) shall be allocated to the electing corporation. Combined taxable income, computed without regard to the last sentence of subparagraph (C)(ii)(II), less the amount allocated to the electing corporation under the preceding sentence, shall be allocated to the appropriate domestic member or members (other than any electing corporation) of the affiliated group and shall be treated as income from sources within the United States, or, if there is no such domestic member, to a foreign member or members of such affiliated group as the Secretary may provide under regulations.
(IV) Covered sales For purposes of this paragraph, the term covered sales means sales by members of the affiliated group (other than foreign affiliates) to persons who are not members of the affiliated group or to foreign affiliates.
(D) Unrelated person 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term unrelated person means any person other than a person related within the meaning of paragraph (3)(D) to the electing corporation.
(E) Electing corporation 
For purposes of this subsection, the term electing corporation means a domestic corporation for which an election under this section is in effect.
(F) Time and manner of election; revocation 
(i) In general An election under subparagraph (A) to use one of the methods under subparagraph (C) shall be made only on or before the due date prescribed by law (including extensions) for filing the tax return of the electing corporation for its first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1982. If an election of one of such methods is made, such election shall be binding on the electing corporation and such method must be used for each taxable year thereafter until such election is revoked by the electing corporation under subparagraph (F)(iii). If any such election is revoked by the electing corporation under subparagraph (F)(iii), such electing corporation may make a subsequent election under subparagraph (A) only with the consent of the Secretary.
(ii) Manner of making election An election under subparagraph (A) to use one of the methods under subparagraph (C) shall be made by filing a statement to such effect with the return referred to in subparagraph (F)(i) or in such other manner as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations.
(iii) Revocation
(I) Except as provided in subparagraph (F)(iii)(II), an election may be revoked for any taxable year only with the consent of the Secretary.
(II) An election shall be deemed revoked for the year in which the electing corporation is deemed to have revoked such election under subparagraph (B)(i) or (C)(i)(III)(a).
(iv) Aggregation
(I) Where more than one electing corporation in the affiliated group produces any product or renders any services in the same product area, all such electing corporations must elect to compute their taxable income under the same method under subparagraph (C).
(II) All electing corporations in the same affiliated group that produce any products or render any services in the same product area may elect, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations, to compute their taxable income from export sales under a different method from that used for all other sales and services. For this purpose, export sales means all sales by the electing corporation of products to foreign persons for use or consumption outside the United States and its possessions, provided such products are manufactured or produced in the possession within the meaning of subsection (d)(1)(A) of section 954, and further provided (except to the extent otherwise provided by regulations) the income derived by such foreign person on resale of such products (in the same state or in an altered state) is not included in foreign base company income for purposes of section 954 (a).
(III) All members of an affiliated group must consent to an election under this subsection at such time and in such manner as shall be prescribed by the Secretary by regulations.
(6) Treatment of certain sales made after July 1, 1982 

(A) In general 
For purposes of this section, in the case of a disposition of intangible property made by a corporation after July 1, 1982, any gain or loss from such disposition shall be treated as gain or loss from sources within the United States to which paragraph (5) does not apply.
(B) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any disposition by a corporation of intangible property if such disposition is to a person who is not a related person to such corporation.
(C) Paragraph does not affect eligibility 
This paragraph shall not apply for purposes of determining whether the corporation meets the requirements of subsection (a)(2).
(7) Section 864 (e)(1) not to apply 
This subsection shall be applied as if section 864 (e)(1) (relating to treatment of affiliated groups) had not been enacted.
(8) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including rules for the application of this subsection to income from leasing of products to unrelated persons.
(i) Definitions and special rules relating to limitations of subsection (a)(4) 

(1) Qualified possession wages 
For purposes of this section
(A) In general 
The term qualified possession wages means wages paid or incurred by the possession corporation during the taxable year in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business within a possession of the United States to any employee for services performed in such possession, but only if such services are performed while the principal place of employment of such employee is within such possession.
(B) Limitation on amount of wages taken into account 
(i) In general The amount of wages which may be taken into account under subparagraph (A) with respect to any employee for any taxable year shall not exceed 85 percent of the contribution and benefit base determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins.
(ii) Treatment of part-time employees, etc. If
(I) any employee is not employed by the possession corporation on a substantially full-time basis at all times during the taxable year, or
(II) the principal place of employment of any employee with the possession corporation is not within a possession at all times during the taxable year, the limitation applicable under clause (i) with respect to such employee shall be the appropriate portion (as determined by the Secretary) of the limitation which would otherwise be in effect under clause (i).
(C) Treatment of certain employees 
The term qualified possession wages shall not include any wages paid to employees who are assigned by the employer to perform services for another person, unless the principal trade or business of the employer is to make employees available for temporary periods to other persons in return for compensation. All possession corporations treated as 1 corporation under paragraph (5) shall be treated as 1 employer for purposes of the preceding sentence.
(D) Wages 
(i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), the term wages has the meaning given to such term by subsection (b) of section 3306 (determined without regard to any dollar limitation contained in such section). For purposes of the preceding sentence, such subsection (b) shall be applied as if the term United States included all possessions of the United States.
(ii) Special rule for agricultural labor and railway labor In any case to which subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of section 51 (h) applies, the term wages has the meaning given to such term by section 51 (h)(2).
(2) Allocable employee fringe benefit expenses 

(A) In general 
The allocable employee fringe benefit expenses of any possession corporation for any taxable year is an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount determined under subparagraph (B) for such taxable year as
(i) the aggregate amount of the possession corporations qualified possession wages for such taxable year, bears to
(ii) the aggregate amount of the wages paid or incurred by such possession corporation during such taxable year. In no event shall the amount determined under the preceding sentence exceed 15 percent of the amount referred to in clause (i).
(B) Expenses taken into account 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the amount determined under this subparagraph for any taxable year is the aggregate amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter to the possession corporation for such taxable year with respect to
(i) employer contributions under a stock bonus, pension, profit-sharing, or annuity plan,
(ii) employer-provided coverage under any accident or health plan for employees, and
(iii) the cost of life or disability insurance provided to employees. Any amount treated as wages under paragraph (1)(D) shall not be taken into account under this subparagraph.
(3) Treatment of possession taxes 

(A) Amount of credit for possession corporations not using profit split 
(i) In general For purposes of subsection (a)(4)(A)(iii), the amount of the qualified possession income taxes for any taxable year allocable to nonsheltered income shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to the possession income taxes for such taxable year as
(I) the increase in the tax liability of the possession corporation under this chapter for the taxable year by reason of subsection (a)(4)(A) (without regard to clause (iii) thereof), bears to
(II) the tax liability of the possession corporation under this chapter for the taxable year determined without regard to the credit allowable under this section.
(ii) Limitation on amount of taxes taken into account Possession income taxes shall not be taken into account under clause (i) for any taxable year to the extent that the amount of such taxes exceeds 9 percent of the amount of the taxable income for such taxable year.
(B) Deduction for possession corporations using profit split 
Notwithstanding subsection (c), if a possession corporation is not described in subsection (a)(4)(A)(iii) for the taxable year, such possession corporation shall be allowed a deduction for such taxable year in an amount which bears the same ratio to the possession income taxes for such taxable year as
(i) the increase in the tax liability of the possession corporation under this chapter for the taxable year by reason of subsection (a)(4)(A), bears to
(ii) the tax liability of the possession corporation under this chapter for the taxable year determined without regard to the credit allowable under this section. In determining the credit under subsection (a) and in applying the preceding sentence, taxable income shall be determined without regard to the preceding sentence.
(C) Possession income taxes 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term possession income taxes means any taxes of a possession of the United States which are treated as not being income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to a possession of the United States by reason of subsection (c).
(4) Depreciation rules 
For purposes of this section
(A) Depreciation allowances 
The term depreciation allowances means the depreciation deductions allowable under section 167 to the possession corporation.
(B) Categories of property 
(i) Qualified tangible property The term qualified tangible property means any tangible property used by the possession corporation in a possession of the United States in the active conduct of a trade or business within such possession.
(ii) Short-life qualified tangible property The term short-life qualified tangible property means any qualified tangible property to which section 168 applies and which is 3-year property or 5-year property for purposes of such section.
(iii) Medium-life qualified tangible property The term medium-life qualified tangible property means any qualified tangible property to which section 168 applies and which is 7-year property or 10-year property for purposes of such section.
(iv) Long-life qualified tangible property The term long-life qualified tangible property means any qualified tangible property to which section 168 applies and which is not described in clause (ii) or (iii).
(v) Transitional rule In the case of any qualified tangible property to which section 168 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) applies, any reference in this paragraph to section 168 shall be treated as a reference to such section as so in effect.
(5) Election to compute credit on consolidated basis 

(A) In general 
Any affiliated group may elect to treat all possession corporations which would be members of such group but for section 1504 (b)(3) or (4) as 1 corporation for purposes of this section. The credit determined under this section with respect to such 1 corporation shall be allocated among such possession corporations in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe.
(B) Election 
An election under subparagraph (A) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all succeeding taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(6) Possession corporation 
The term possession corporation means a domestic corporation for which the election provided in subsection (a) is in effect.
(j) Termination 

(1) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, this section shall not apply to any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1995.
(2) Transition rules for active business income credit 
Except as provided in paragraph (3)
(A) Economic activity credit 
In the case of an existing credit claimant
(i) with respect to a possession other than Puerto Rico, and
(ii) to which subsection (a)(4)(B) does not apply,

the credit determined under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be allowed for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995, and before January 1, 2002.

(B) Special rule for reduced credit 

(i) In general In the case of an existing credit claimant to which subsection (a)(4)(B) applies, the credit determined under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be allowed for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995, and before January 1, 1998.
(ii) Election irrevocable after 1997 An election under subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii) which is in effect for the taxpayers last taxable year beginning before 1997 may not be revoked unless it is revoked for the taxpayers first taxable year beginning in 1997 and all subsequent taxable years.
(C) Economic activity credit for Puerto Rico 
For economic activity credit for Puerto Rico, see section 30A.
(3) Additional restricted credit 

(A) In general 
In the case of an existing credit claimant
(i) the credit under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be allowed for the period beginning with the first taxable year after the last taxable year to which subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2), whichever is appropriate, applied and ending with the last taxable year beginning before January 1, 2006, except that
(ii) the aggregate amount of taxable income taken into account under subsection (a)(1)(A) for any such taxable year shall not exceed the adjusted base period income of such claimant.
(B) Coordination with subsection (a)(4) 
The amount of income described in subsection (a)(1)(A) which is taken into account in applying subsection (a)(4) shall be such income as reduced under this paragraph.
(4) Adjusted base period income 
For purposes of paragraph (3)
(A) In general 
The term adjusted base period income means the average of the inflation-adjusted possession incomes of the corporation for each base period year.
(B) Inflation-adjusted possession income 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the inflation-adjusted possession income of any corporation for any base period year shall be an amount equal to the sum of
(i) the possession income of such corporation for such base period year, plus
(ii) such possession income multiplied by the inflation adjustment percentage for such base period year.
(C) Inflation adjustment percentage 
For purposes of subparagraph (B), the inflation adjustment percentage for any base period year means the percentage (if any) by which
(i) the CPI for 1995, exceeds
(ii) the CPI for the calendar year in which the base period year for which the determination is being made ends.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the CPI for any calendar year is the CPI (as defined in section 1 (f)(5)) for such year under section 1 (f)(4).

(D) Increase in inflation adjustment percentage for growth during base years 
The inflation adjustment percentage (determined under subparagraph (C) without regard to this subparagraph) for each of the 5 taxable years referred to in paragraph (5)(A) shall be increased by
(i) 5 percentage points in the case of a taxable year ending during the 1-year period ending on October 13, 1995;
(ii) 10.25 percentage points in the case of a taxable year ending during the 1-year period ending on October 13, 1994;
(iii) 15.76 percentage points in the case of a taxable year ending during the 1-year period ending on October 13, 1993;
(iv) 21.55 percentage points in the case of a taxable year ending during the 1-year period ending on October 13, 1992; and
(v) 27.63 percentage points in the case of a taxable year ending during the 1-year period ending on October 13, 1991.
(5) Base period year 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term base period year means each of 3 taxable years which are among the 5 most recent taxable years of the corporation ending before October 14, 1995, determined by disregarding
(i) one taxable year for which the corporation had the largest inflation-adjusted possession income, and
(ii) one taxable year for which the corporation had the smallest inflation-adjusted possession income.
(B) Corporations not having significant possession income throughout 5-year period 

(i) In general If a corporation does not have significant possession income for each of the most recent 5 taxable years ending before October 14, 1995, then, in lieu of applying subparagraph (A), the term base period year means only those taxable years (of such 5 taxable years) for which the corporation has significant possession income; except that, if such corporation has significant possession income for 4 of such 5 taxable years, the rule of subparagraph (A)(ii) shall apply.
(ii) Special rule If there is no year (of such 5 taxable years) for which a corporation has significant possession income
(I) the term base period year means the first taxable year ending on or after October 14, 1995, but
(II) the amount of possession income for such year which is taken into account under paragraph (4) shall be the amount which would be determined if such year were a short taxable year ending on September 30, 1995.
(iii) Significant possession income For purposes of this subparagraph, the term significant possession income means possession income which exceeds 2 percent of the possession income of the taxpayer for the taxable year (of the period of 6 taxable years ending with the first taxable year ending on or after October 14, 1995) having the greatest possession income.
(C) Election to use one base period year 

(i) In general At the election of the taxpayer, the term base period year means
(I) only the last taxable year of the corporation ending in calendar year 1992, or
(II) a deemed taxable year which includes the first ten months of calendar year 1995.
(ii) Base period income for 1995 In determining the adjusted base period income of the corporation for the deemed taxable year under clause (i)(II), the possession income shall be annualized and shall be determined without regard to any extraordinary item.
(iii) Election An election under this subparagraph by any possession corporation may be made only for the corporations first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1995, for which it is a possession corporation. The rules of subclauses (II) and (III) of subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii) shall apply to the election under this subparagraph.
(D) Acquisitions and dispositions 
Rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 41 (f)(3) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.
(6) Possession income 
For purposes of this subsection, the term possession income means, with respect to any possession, the income referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A) determined with respect to that possession. In no event shall possession income be treated as being less than zero.
(7) Short years 
If the current year or a base period year is a short taxable year, the application of this subsection shall be made with such annualizations as the Secretary shall prescribe.
(8) Special rules for certain possessions 

(A) In general 
In the case of an existing credit claimant with respect to an applicable possession, this section (other than the preceding paragraphs of this subsection) shall apply to such claimant with respect to such applicable possession for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995, and before January 1, 2006.
(B) Applicable possession 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term applicable possession means Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(9) Existing credit claimant 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term existing credit claimant means a corporation
(i) 
(I) which was actively conducting a trade or business in a possession on October 13, 1995, and
(II) with respect to which an election under this section is in effect for the corporations taxable year which includes October 13, 1995, or
(ii) which acquired all of the assets of a trade or business of a corporation which
(I) satisfied the requirements of subclause (I) of clause (i) with respect to such trade or business, and
(II) satisfied the requirements of subclause (II) of clause (i).
(B) New lines of business prohibited 
If, after October 13, 1995, a corporation which would (but for this subparagraph) be an existing credit claimant adds a substantial new line of business (other than in an acquisition described in subparagraph (A)(ii)), such corporation shall cease to be treated as an existing credit claimant as of the close of the taxable year ending before the date of such addition.
(C) Binding contract exception 
If, on October 13, 1995, and at all times thereafter, there is in effect with respect to a corporation a binding contract for the acquisition of assets to be used in, or for the sale of assets to be produced from, a trade or business, the corporation shall be treated for purposes of this paragraph as actively conducting such trade or business on October 13, 1995. The preceding sentence shall not apply if such trade or business is not actively conducted before January 1, 1996.
(10) Separate application to each possession 
For purposes of determining
(A) whether a taxpayer is an existing credit claimant, and
(B) the amount of the credit allowed under this section,

this subsection (and so much of this section as relates to this subsection) shall be applied separately with respect to each possession.

[1] So in original. Probably should be “corporation’s”.

26 USC 937 - Residence and source rules involving possessions

(a) Bona fide resident 
For purposes of this subpart, section 865 (g)(3), section 876, section 881 (b), paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 901 (b), section 957(c), section 3401 (a)(8)(C), and section 7654 (a), except as provided in regulations, the term bona fide resident means a person
(1) who is present for at least 183 days during the taxable year in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, as the case may be, and
(2) who does not have a tax home (determined under the principles of section 911 (d)(3) without regard to the second sentence thereof) outside such specified possession during the taxable year and does not have a closer connection (determined under the principles of section 7701 (b)(3)(B)(ii)) to the United States or a foreign country than to such specified possession.

For purposes of paragraph (1), the determination as to whether a person is present for any day shall be made under the principles of section 7701 (b).

(b) Source rules 
Except as provided in regulations, for purposes of this title
(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), rules similar to the rules for determining whether income is income from sources within the United States or is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States shall apply for purposes of determining whether income is from sources within a possession specified in subsection (a)(1) or effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within any such possession, and
(2) any income treated as income from sources within the United States or as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States shall not be treated as income from sources within any such possession or as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within any such possession.
(c) Reporting requirement 

(1) In general 
If, for any taxable year, an individual takes the position for United States income tax reporting purposes that the individual became, or ceases to be, a bona fide resident of a possession specified in subsection (a)(1), such individual shall file with the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe, notice of such position.
(2) Transition rule 
If, for any of an individuals 3 taxable years ending before the individuals first taxable year ending after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the individual took a position described in paragraph (1), the individual shall file with the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe, notice of such position.

[Subpart E - Repealed]

941 to 943. Repealed. Pub. L. 108357, title I, 101(b)(1), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1423]

Section 941, added Pub. L. 106–519, § 3(b), Nov. 15, 2000, 114 Stat. 2424, related to qualifying foreign trade income. A prior section 941, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 293; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1053(a), title XIX, 1906(b)(1)(A), 90 Stat. 1648, 1834, set forth provisions authorizing special deduction for China Trade Act corporations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1053(c), (e), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1649, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1977. Section 942, added Pub. L. 106–519, § 3(b), Nov. 15, 2000, 114 Stat. 2426, defined foreign trading gross receipts and set forth economic process requirements. A prior section 942, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 294, disallowed foreign tax credit authorized by section 901 to any corporation organized under the China Trade Act, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1053(c), (e), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1649, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1977. Section 943, added Pub. L. 106–519, § 3(b), Nov. 15, 2000, 114 Stat. 2428; amended Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, § 417(14), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 56, set forth other definitions and special rules for purposes of this subpart. A prior section 943, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 294; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1053(b), 90 Stat. 1648, set forth provisions relating to exclusion from gross income of residents of Formosa or Hong Kong of amounts distributed as dividends by China Trade Act corporations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1053(c), (e), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1649, effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1977.

Subpart F - Controlled Foreign Corporations

26 USC 951 - Amounts included in gross income of United States shareholders

(a) Amounts included 

(1) In general 
If a foreign corporation is a controlled foreign corporation for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any taxable year, every person who is a United States shareholder (as defined in subsection (b)) of such corporation and who owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) stock in such corporation on the last day, in such year, on which such corporation is a controlled foreign corporation shall include in his gross income, for his taxable year in which or with which such taxable year of the corporation ends
(A) the sum of
(i) his pro rata share (determined under paragraph (2)) of the corporations subpart F income for such year,
(ii) his pro rata share (determined under section 955 (a)(3) as in effect before the enactment of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975) of the corporations previously excluded subpart F income withdrawn from investment in less developed countries for such year, and
(iii) his pro rata share (determined under section 955(a)(3)) of the corporations previously excluded subpart F income withdrawn from foreign base company shipping operations for such year; and
(B) the amount determined under section 956 with respect to such shareholder for such year (but only to the extent not excluded from gross income under section 959 (a)(2)).
(2) Pro rata share of subpart F income 
The pro rata share referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) in the case of any United States shareholder is the amount
(A) which would have been distributed with respect to the stock which such shareholder owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) in such corporation if on the last day, in its taxable year, on which the corporation is a controlled foreign corporation it had distributed pro rata to its shareholders an amount
(i)  which bears the same ratio to its subpart F income for the taxable year, as
(ii)  the part of such year during which the corporation is a controlled foreign corporation bears to the entire year, reduced by
(B) the amount of distributions received by any other person during such year as a dividend with respect to such stock, but only to the extent of the dividend which would have been received if the distribution by the corporation had been the amount
(i)  which bears the same ratio to the subpart F income of such corporation for the taxable year, as
(ii)  the part of such year during which such shareholder did not own (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) such stock bears to the entire year.

For purposes of subparagraph (B), any gain included in the gross income of any person as a dividend under section 1248 shall be treated as a distribution received by such person with respect to the stock involved.

(3) Limitation on pro rata share of previously excluded subpart F income withdrawn from investment 
For purposes of paragraph (1)(A)(iii), the pro rata share of any United States shareholder of the previously excluded subpart F income of a controlled foreign corporation withdrawn from investment in foreign base company shipping operations shall not exceed an amount
(A) which bears the same ratio to his pro rata share of such income withdrawn (as determined under section 955 (a)(3)) for the taxable year, as
(B) the part of such year during which the corporation is a controlled foreign corporation bears to the entire year.
(b) United States shareholder defined 
For purposes of this subpart, the term United States shareholder means, with respect to any foreign corporation, a United States person (as defined in section 957 (c)) who owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)), or is considered as owning by applying the rules of ownership of section 958 (b), 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such foreign corporation.
(c) Coordination with passive foreign investment company provisions 
If, but for this subsection, an amount would be included in the gross income of a United States shareholder for any taxable year both under subsection (a)(1)(A)(i) and under section 1293 (relating to current taxation of income from certain passive foreign investment companies), such amount shall be included in the gross income of such shareholder only under subsection (a)(1)(A).

26 USC 952 - Subpart F income defined

(a) In general 
For purposes of this subpart, the term subpart F income means, in the case of any controlled foreign corporation, the sum of
(1) insurance income (as defined under section 953),
(2) the foreign base company income (as determined under section 954),
(3) an amount equal to the product of
(A) the income of such corporation other than income which
(i) is attributable to earnings and profits of the foreign corporation included in the gross income of a United States person under section 951 (other than by reason of this paragraph), or
(ii) is described in subsection (b),

multiplied by

(B) the international boycott factor (as determined under section 999),
(4) the sum of the amounts of any illegal bribes, kickbacks, or other payments (within the meaning of section 162 (c)) paid by or on behalf of the corporation during the taxable year of the corporation directly or indirectly to an official, employee, or agent in fact of a government, and
(5) the income of such corporation derived from any foreign country during any period during which section 901 (j) applies to such foreign country.

The payments referred to in paragraph (4) are payments which would be unlawful under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 if the payor were a United States person. For purposes of paragraph (5), the income described therein shall be reduced, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, so as to take into account deductions (including taxes) properly allocable to such income.

(b) Exclusion of United States income 
In the case of a controlled foreign corporation, subpart F income does not include any item of income from sources within the United States which is effectively connected with the conduct by such corporation of a trade or business within the United States unless such item is exempt from taxation (or is subject to a reduced rate of tax) pursuant to a treaty obligation of the United States. For purposes of this subsection, any exemption (or reduction) with respect to the tax imposed by section 884 shall not be taken into account.
(c) Limitation 

(1) In general 

(A) Subpart F income limited to current earnings and profits 
For purposes of subsection (a), the subpart F income of any controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year shall not exceed the earnings and profits of such corporation for such taxable year.
(B) Certain prior year deficits may be taken into account 

(i) In general The amount included in the gross income of any United States shareholder under section 951 (a)(1)(A)(i) for any taxable year and attributable to a qualified activity shall be reduced by the amount of such shareholders pro rata share of any qualified deficit.
(ii) Qualified deficit The term qualified deficit means any deficit in earnings and profits of the controlled foreign corporation for any prior taxable year which began after December 31, 1986, and for which the controlled foreign corporation was a controlled foreign corporation; but only to the extent such deficit
(I) is attributable to the same qualified activity as the activity giving rise to the income being offset, and
(II) has not previously been taken into account under this subparagraph.

In determining the deficit attributable to qualified activities described in subclause (II) or (III) of clause (iii), deficits in earnings and profits (to the extent not previously taken into account under this section) for taxable years beginning after 1962 and before 1987 also shall be taken into account. In the case of the qualified activity described in clause (iii)(I), the rule of the preceding sentence shall apply, except that 1982 shall be substituted for 1962.

(iii) Qualified activity For purposes of this paragraph, the term qualified activity means any activity giving rise to
(I) foreign base company oil related income,
(II) foreign base company sales income,
(III) foreign base company services income,
(IV) in the case of a qualified insurance company, insurance income or foreign personal holding company income, or
(V) in the case of a qualified financial institution, foreign personal holding company income.
(iv) Pro rata share For purposes of this paragraph, the shareholders pro rata share of any deficit for any prior taxable year shall be determined under rules similar to rules under section 951 (a)(2) for whichever of the following yields the smaller share:
(I) the close of the taxable year, or
(II) the close of the taxable year in which the deficit arose.
(v) Qualified insurance company For purposes of this subparagraph, the term qualified insurance company means any controlled foreign corporation predominantly engaged in the active conduct of an insurance business in the taxable year and in the prior taxable years in which the deficit arose.
(vi) Qualified financial institution For purposes of this paragraph, the term qualified financial institution means any controlled foreign corporation predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business in the taxable year and in the prior taxable year in which the deficit arose.
(vii) Special rules for insurance income
(I) In general An election may be made under this clause to have section 953 (a) applied for purposes of this title without regard to the same country exception under paragraph (1)(A) thereof. Such election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
(II) Special rules for affiliated groups In the case of an affiliated group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1504 but without regard to section 1504 (b)(3) and by substituting more than 50 percent for at least 80 percent each place it appears), no election may be made under subclause (I) for any controlled foreign corporation unless such election is made for all other controlled foreign corporations who are members of such group and who were created or organized under the laws of the same country as such controlled foreign corporation. For purposes of clause (v), in determining whether any controlled corporation described in the preceding sentence is a qualified insurance company, all such corporations shall be treated as 1 corporation.
(C) Certain deficits of member of the same chain of corporations may be taken into account 

(i) In general A controlled foreign corporation may elect to reduce the amount of its subpart F income for any taxable year which is attributable to any qualified activity by the amount of any deficit in earnings and profits of a qualified chain member for a taxable year ending with (or within) the taxable year of such controlled foreign corporation to the extent such deficit is attributable to such activity. To the extent any deficit reduces subpart F income under the preceding sentence, such deficit shall not be taken into account under subparagraph (B).
(ii) Qualified chain member For purposes of this subparagraph, the term qualified chain member means, with respect to any controlled foreign corporation, any other corporation which is created or organized under the laws of the same foreign country as the controlled foreign corporation but only if
(I) all the stock of such other corporation (other than directors qualifying shares) is owned at all times during the taxable year in which the deficit arose (directly or through 1 or more corporations other than the common parent) by such controlled foreign corporation, or
(II) all the stock of such controlled foreign corporation (other than directors qualifying shares) is owned at all times during the taxable year in which the deficit arose (directly or through 1 or more corporations other than the common parent) by such other corporation.
(iii) Coordination This subparagraph shall be applied after subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(2) Recharacterization in subsequent taxable years 
If the subpart F income of any controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year was reduced by reason of paragraph (1)(A), any excess of the earnings and profits of such corporation for any subsequent taxable year over the subpart F income of such foreign corporation for such taxable year shall be recharacterized as subpart F income under rules similar to the rules applicable under section 904 (f)(5).
(3) Special rule for determining earnings and profits 
For purposes of this subsection, earnings and profits of any controlled foreign corporation shall be determined without regard to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of section 312 (n). Under regulations, the preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent it would increase earnings and profits by an amount which was previously distributed by the controlled foreign corporation.
(d) Income derived from foreign country 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of subsection (a)(5), including regulations which treat income paid through 1 or more entities as derived from a foreign country to which section 901 (j) applies if such income was, without regard to such entities, derived from such country.

26 USC 953 - Insurance income

(a) Insurance income 

(1) In general 
For purposes of section 952 (a)(1), the term insurance income means any income which
(A) is attributable to the issuing (or reinsuring) of an insurance or annuity contract, and
(B) would (subject to the modifications provided by subsection (b)) be taxed under subchapter L of this chapter if such income were the income of a domestic insurance company.
(2) Exception 
Such term shall not include any exempt insurance income (as defined in subsection (e)).
(b) Special rules 
For purposes of subsection (a)
(1) The following provisions of subchapter L shall not apply:
(A) The small life insurance company deduction.
(B) Section 805 (a)(5) (relating to operations loss deduction).
(C) Section 832 (c)(5) (relating to certain capital losses).
(2) The items referred to in
(A) section 803 (a)(1) (relating to gross amount of premiums and other considerations),
(B) section 803 (a)(2) (relating to net decrease in reserves),
(C) section 805 (a)(2) (relating to net increase in reserves), and
(D) section 832 (b)(4) (relating to premiums earned on insurance contracts),

shall be taken into account only to the extent they are in respect of any reinsurance or the issuing of any insurance or annuity contract described in subsection (a)(1).

(3) Reserves for any insurance or annuity contract shall be determined in the same manner as under section 954 (i).
(4) All items of income, expenses, losses, and deductions shall be properly allocated or apportioned under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(c) Special rule for certain captive insurance companies 

(1) In general 
For purposes only of taking into account related person insurance income
(A) the term United States shareholder means, with respect to any foreign corporation, a United States person (as defined in section 957 (c)) who owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) any stock of the foreign corporation,
(B) the term controlled foreign corporation has the meaning given to such term by section 957 (a) determined by substituting 25 percent or more for more than 50 percent, and
(C) the pro rata share referred to in section 951 (a)(1)(A)(i) shall be determined under paragraph (5) of this subsection.
(2) Related person insurance income 
For purposes of this subsection, the term related person insurance income means any insurance income (within the meaning of subsection (a)) attributable to a policy of insurance or reinsurance with respect to which the person (directly or indirectly) insured is a United States shareholder in the foreign corporation or a related person to such a shareholder.
(3) Exceptions 

(A) Corporations not held by insureds 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any foreign corporation if at all times during the taxable year of such foreign corporation
(i) less than 20 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, and
(ii) less than 20 percent of the total value of such corporation,

is owned (directly or indirectly under the principles of section 883 (c)(4)) by persons who are (directly or indirectly) insured under any policy of insurance or reinsurance issued by such corporation or who are related persons to any such person.

(B) De minimis exception 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any foreign corporation for a taxable year of such corporation if the related person insurance income (determined on a gross basis) of such corporation for such taxable year is less than 20 percent of its insurance income (as so determined) for such taxable year determined without regard to those provisions of subsection (a)(1) which limit insurance income to income from countries other than the country in which the corporation was created or organized.
(C) Election to treat income as effectively connected 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any foreign corporation for any taxable year if
(i) such corporation elects (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe)
(I) to treat its related person insurance income for such taxable year as income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and
(II) to waive all benefits (other than with respect to section 884) with respect to related person insurance income granted by the United States under any treaty between the United States and any foreign country, and
(ii) such corporation meets such requirements as the Secretary shall prescribe to ensure that the tax imposed by this chapter on such income is paid.

An election under this subparagraph made for any taxable year shall not be effective if the corporation (or any predecessor thereof) was a disqualified corporation for the taxable year for which the election was made or for any prior taxable year beginning after 1986.

(D) Special rules for subparagraph (C) 

(i) Period during which election in effect
(I) In general Except as provided in subclause (II), any election under subparagraph (C) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(II) Termination If a foreign corporation which made an election under subparagraph (C) for any taxable year is a disqualified corporation for any subsequent taxable year, such election shall not apply to any taxable year beginning after such subsequent taxable year.
(ii) Exemption from tax imposed by section 4371 The tax imposed by section 4371 shall not apply with respect to any related person insurance income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States under subparagraph (C).
(E) Disqualified corporation 
For purposes of this paragraph the term disqualified corporation means, with respect to any taxable year, any foreign corporation which is a controlled foreign corporation for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during such taxable year (determined without regard to this subsection) but only if a United States shareholder (determined without regard to this subsection) owns (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) stock in such corporation at some time during such taxable year.
(4) Treatment of mutual insurance companies 
In the case of a mutual insurance company
(A) this subsection shall apply,
(B) policyholders of such company shall be treated as shareholders, and
(C) appropriate adjustments in the application of this subpart shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(5) Determination of pro rata share 

(A) In general 
The pro rata share determined under this paragraph for any United States shareholder is the lesser of
(i) the amount which would be determined under paragraph (2) of section 951 (a) if
(I) only related person insurance income were taken into account,
(II) stock owned (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) by United States shareholders on the last day of the taxable year were the only stock in the foreign corporation, and
(III) only distributions received by United States shareholders were taken into account under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph (2), or
(ii) the amount which would be determined under paragraph (2) of section 951 (a) if the entire earnings and profits of the foreign corporation for the taxable year were subpart F income.
(B) Coordination with other provisions 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations providing for such modifications to the provisions of this subpart as may be necessary or appropriate by reason of subparagraph (A).
(6) Related person 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term related person has the meaning given such term by section 954 (d)(3).
(B) Treatment of certain liability insurance policies 
In the case of any policy of insurance covering liability arising from services performed as a director, officer, or employee of a corporation or as a partner or employee of a partnership, the person performing such services and the entity for which such services are performed shall be treated as related persons.
(7) Coordination with section 1248 
For purposes of section 1248, if any person is (or would be but for paragraph (3)) treated under paragraph (1) as a United States shareholder with respect to any foreign corporation which would be taxed under subchapter L if it were a domestic corporation and which is (or would be but for paragraph (3)) treated under paragraph (1) as a controlled foreign corporation
(A) such person shall be treated as meeting the stock ownership requirements of section 1248 (a)(2) with respect to such foreign corporation, and
(B) such foreign corporation shall be treated as a controlled foreign corporation.
(8) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including
(A) regulations preventing the avoidance of this subsection through cross insurance arrangements or otherwise, and
(B) regulations which may provide that a person will not be treated as a United States shareholder under paragraph (1) with respect to any foreign corporation if neither such person (nor any related person to such person) is (directly or indirectly) insured under any policy of insurance or reinsurance issued by such foreign corporation.
(d) Election by foreign insurance company to be treated as domestic corporation 

(1) In general 
If
(A) a foreign corporation is a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957 (a) by substituting 25 percent or more for more than 50 percent and by using the definition of United States shareholder under 953(c)(1)(A)),
(B) such foreign corporation would qualify under part I or II of subchapter L for the taxable year if it were a domestic corporation,
(C) such foreign corporation meets such requirements as the Secretary shall prescribe to ensure that the taxes imposed by this chapter on such foreign corporation are paid, and
(D) such foreign corporation makes an election to have this paragraph apply and waives all benefits to such corporation granted by the United States under any treaty,

for purposes of this title, such corporation shall be treated as a domestic corporation.

(2) Period during which election is in effect 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an election under paragraph (1) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(B) Termination 
If a corporation which made an election under paragraph (1) for any taxable year fails to meet the requirements of subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), of paragraph (1) for any subsequent taxable year, such election shall not apply to any taxable year beginning after such subsequent taxable year.
(3) Treatment of losses 
If any corporation treated as a domestic corporation under this subsection is treated as a member of an affiliated group for purposes of chapter 6 (relating to consolidated returns), any loss of such corporation shall be treated as a dual consolidated loss for purposes of section 1503 (d) without regard to paragraph (2)(B) thereof.
(4) Effect of election 

(A) In general 
For purposes of section 367, any foreign corporation making an election under paragraph (1) shall be treated as transferring (as of the 1st day of the 1st taxable year to which such election applies) all of its assets to a domestic corporation in connection with an exchange to which section 354 applies.
(B) Exception for pre-1988 earnings and profit 

(i) In general Earnings and profits of the foreign corporation accumulated in taxable years beginning before January 1, 1988, shall not be included in the gross income of the persons holding stock in such corporation by reason of subparagraph (A).
(ii) Treatment of distributions For purposes of this title, any distribution made by a corporation to which an election under paragraph (1) applies out of earnings and profits accumulated in taxable years beginning before January 1, 1988, shall be treated as a distribution made by a foreign corporation.
(iii) Certain rules to continue to apply to pre-1988 earnings The provisions specified in clause (iv) shall be applied without regard to paragraph (1), except that, in the case of a corporation to which an election under paragraph (1) applies, only earnings and profits accumulated in taxable years beginning before January 1, 1988, shall be taken into account.
(iv) Specified provisions The provisions specified in this clause are:
(I) Section 1248 (relating to gain from certain sales or exchanges of stock in certain foreign corporations).
(II) Subpart F of part III of subchapter N to the extent such subpart relates to earnings invested in United States property or amounts referred to in clause (ii) or (iii) of section 951 (a)(1)(A).
(III) Section 884 to the extent the foreign corporation reinvested 1987 earnings and profits in United States assets.
(5) Effect of termination 
For purposes of section 367, if
(A) an election is made by a corporation under paragraph (1) for any taxable year, and
(B) such election ceases to apply for any subsequent taxable year,

such corporation shall be treated as a domestic corporation transferring (as of the 1st day of such subsequent taxable year) all of its property to a foreign corporation in connection with an exchange to which section 354 applies.

(6) Additional tax on corporation making election 

(A) In general 
If a corporation makes an election under paragraph (1), the amount of tax imposed by this chapter for the 1st taxable year to which such election applies shall be increased by the amount determined under subparagraph (B).
(B) Amount of tax 
The amount of tax determined under this paragraph shall be equal to the lesser of
(i) 3/4 of 1 percent of the aggregate amount of capital and accumulated surplus of the corporation as of December 31, 1987, or
(ii) $1,500,000.
(e) Exempt insurance income 
For purposes of this section
(1) Exempt insurance income defined 

(A) In general 
The term exempt insurance income means income derived by a qualifying insurance company which
(i) is attributable to the issuing (or reinsuring) of an exempt contract by such company or a qualifying insurance company branch of such company, and
(ii) is treated as earned by such company or branch in its home country for purposes of such countrys tax laws.
(B) Exception for certain arrangements 
Such term shall not include income attributable to the issuing (or reinsuring) of an exempt contract as the result of any arrangement whereby another corporation receives a substantially equal amount of premiums or other consideration in respect of issuing (or reinsuring) a contract which is not an exempt contract.
(C) Determinations made separately 
For purposes of this subsection and section 954 (i), the exempt insurance income and exempt contracts of a qualifying insurance company or any qualifying insurance company branch of such company shall be determined separately for such company and each such branch by taking into account
(i) in the case of the qualifying insurance company, only items of income, deduction, gain, or loss, and activities of such company not properly allocable or attributable to any qualifying insurance company branch of such company, and
(ii) in the case of a qualifying insurance company branch, only items of income, deduction, gain, or loss and activities properly allocable or attributable to such branch.
(2) Exempt contract 

(A) In general 
The term exempt contract means an insurance or annuity contract issued or reinsured by a qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch in connection with property in, liability arising out of activity in, or the lives or health of residents of, a country other than the United States.
(B) Minimum home country income required 

(i) In general No contract of a qualifying insurance company or of a qualifying insurance company branch shall be treated as an exempt contract unless such company or branch derives more than 30 percent of its net written premiums from exempt contracts (determined without regard to this subparagraph)
(I) which cover applicable home country risks, and
(II) with respect to which no policyholder, insured, annuitant, or beneficiary is a related person (as defined in section 954 (d)(3)).
(ii) Applicable home country risks The term applicable home country risks means risks in connection with property in, liability arising out of activity in, or the lives or health of residents of, the home country of the qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch, as the case may be, issuing or reinsuring the contract covering the risks.
(C) Substantial activity requirements for cross border risks 
A contract issued by a qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch which covers risks other than applicable home country risks (as defined in subparagraph (B)(ii)) shall not be treated as an exempt contract unless such company or branch, as the case may be
(i) conducts substantial activity with respect to an insurance business in its home country, and
(ii) performs in its home country substantially all of the activities necessary to give rise to the income generated by such contract.
(3) Qualifying insurance company 
The term qualifying insurance company means any controlled foreign corporation which
(A) is subject to regulation as an insurance (or reinsurance) company by its home country, and is licensed, authorized, or regulated by the applicable insurance regulatory body for its home country to sell insurance, reinsurance, or annuity contracts to persons other than related persons (within the meaning of section 954 (d)(3)) in such home country,
(B) derives more than 50 percent of its aggregate net written premiums from the issuance or reinsurance by such controlled foreign corporation and each of its qualifying insurance company branches of contracts
(i) covering applicable home country risks (as defined in paragraph (2)) of such corporation or branch, as the case may be, and
(ii) with respect to which no policyholder, insured, annuitant, or beneficiary is a related person (as defined in section 954 (d)(3)),

except that in the case of a branch, such premiums shall only be taken into account to the extent such premiums are treated as earned by such branch in its home country for purposes of such countrys tax laws, and

(C) is engaged in the insurance business and would be subject to tax under subchapter L if it were a domestic corporation.
(4) Qualifying insurance company branch 
The term qualifying insurance company branch means a qualified business unit (within the meaning of section 989(a)) of a controlled foreign corporation if
(A) such unit is licensed, authorized, or regulated by the applicable insurance regulatory body for its home country to sell insurance, reinsurance, or annuity contracts to persons other than related persons (within the meaning of section 954 (d)(3)) in such home country, and
(B) such controlled foreign corporation is a qualifying insurance company, determined under paragraph (3) as if such unit were a qualifying insurance company branch.
(5) Life insurance or annuity contract 
For purposes of this section and section 954, the determination of whether a contract issued by a controlled foreign corporation or a qualified business unit (within the meaning of section 989 (a)) is a life insurance contract or an annuity contract shall be made without regard to sections 72 (s), 101 (f), 817 (h), and 7702 if
(A) such contract is regulated as a life insurance or annuity contract by the corporations or units home country, and
(B) no policyholder, insured, annuitant, or beneficiary with respect to the contract is a United States person.
(6) Home country 
For purposes of this subsection, except as provided in regulations
(A) Controlled foreign corporation 
The term home country means, with respect to a controlled foreign corporation, the country in which such corporation is created or organized.
(B) Qualified business unit 
The term home country means, with respect to a qualified business unit (as defined in section 989 (a)), the country in which the principal office of such unit is located and in which such unit is licensed, authorized, or regulated by the applicable insurance regulatory body to sell insurance, reinsurance, or annuity contracts to persons other than related persons (as defined in section 954 (d)(3)) in such country.
(7) Anti-abuse rules 
For purposes of applying this subsection and section 954 (i)
(A) the rules of section 954 (h)(7) (other than subparagraph (B) thereof) shall apply,
(B) there shall be disregarded any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction of, or derived from, an entity which is not engaged in regular and continuous transactions with persons which are not related persons,
(C) there shall be disregarded any change in the method of computing reserves a principal purpose of which is the acceleration or deferral of any item in order to claim the benefits of this subsection or section 954 (i),
(D) a contract of insurance or reinsurance shall not be treated as an exempt contract (and premiums from such contract shall not be taken into account for purposes of paragraph (2)(B) or (3)) if
(i) any policyholder, insured, annuitant, or beneficiary is a resident of the United States and such contract was marketed to such resident and was written to cover a risk outside the United States, or
(ii) the contract covers risks located within and without the United States and the qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch does not maintain such contemporaneous records, and file such reports, with respect to such contract as the Secretary may require,
(E) the Secretary may prescribe rules for the allocation of contracts (and income from contracts) among 2 or more qualifying insurance company branches of a qualifying insurance company in order to clearly reflect the income of such branches, and
(F) premiums from a contract shall not be taken into account for purposes of paragraph (2)(B) or (3) if such contract reinsures a contract issued or reinsured by a related person (as defined in section 954 (d)(3)).

For purposes of subparagraph (D), the determination of where risks are located shall be made under the principles of section 953.

(8) Coordination with subsection (c) 
In determining insurance income for purposes of subsection (c), exempt insurance income shall not include income derived from exempt contracts which cover risks other than applicable home country risks.
(9) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection and section 954 (i).
(10) Application 
This subsection and section 954 (i) shall apply only to taxable years of a foreign corporation beginning after December 31, 1998, and before January 1, 2009, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which any such taxable year of such foreign corporation ends. If this subsection does not apply to a taxable year of a foreign corporation beginning after December 31, 2008 (and taxable years of United States shareholders ending with or within such taxable year), then, notwithstanding the preceding sentence, subsection (a) shall be applied to such taxable years in the same manner as it would if the taxable year of the foreign corporation began in 1998.
(11) Cross reference 
For income exempt from foreign personal holding company income, see section 954 (i).

26 USC 954 - Foreign base company income

(a) Foreign base company income 
For purposes of section 952 (a)(2), the term foreign base company income means for any taxable year the sum of
(1) the foreign personal holding company income for the taxable year (determined under subsection (c) and reduced as provided in subsection (b)(5)),
(2) the foreign base company sales income for the taxable year (determined under subsection (d) and reduced as provided in subsection (b)(5)),
(3) the foreign base company services income for the taxable year (determined under subsection (e) and reduced as provided in subsection (b)(5)),
[(4) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 415(a)(1), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1511]
(5) the foreign base company oil related income for the taxable year (determined under subsection (g) and reduced as provided in subsection (b)(5)).
(b) Exclusion and special rules 

[(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 94–12, title VI, § 602(c)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 58] 
[(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1221(c)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2553] 
(3) De minimis, etc., rules 
For purposes of subsection (a) and section 953
(A) De minimis rule 
If the sum of foreign base company income (determined without regard to paragraph (5)) and the gross insurance income for the taxable year is less than the lesser of
(i) 5 percent of gross income, or
(ii) $1,000,000,

no part of the gross income for the taxable year shall be treated as foreign base company income or insurance income.

(B) Foreign base company income and insurance income in excess of 70 percent of gross income 
If the sum of the foreign base company income (determined without regard to paragraph (5)) and the gross insurance income for the taxable year exceeds 70 percent of gross income, the entire gross income for the taxable year shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (4) and (5), be treated as foreign base company income or insurance income (whichever is appropriate).
(C) Gross insurance income 
For purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (B), the term gross insurance income means any item of gross income taken into account in determining insurance income under section 953.
(4) Exception for certain income subject to high foreign taxes 
For purposes of subsection (a) and section 953, foreign base company income and insurance income shall not include any item of income received by a controlled foreign corporation if the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such income was subject to an effective rate of income tax imposed by a foreign country greater than 90 percent of the maximum rate of tax specified in section 11. The preceding sentence shall not apply to foreign base company oil-related income described in subsection (a)(5).
(5) Deductions to be taken into account 
For purposes of subsection (a), the foreign personal holding company income, the foreign base company sales income, the foreign base company services income,,[1] and the foreign base company oil related income shall be reduced, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary so as to take into account deductions (including taxes) properly allocable to such income. Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any interest which is paid or accrued by the controlled foreign corporation to any United States shareholder in such corporation (or any controlled foreign corporation related to such a shareholder) shall be allocated first to foreign personal holding company income which is passive income (within the meaning of section 904(d)(2)) of such corporation to the extent thereof. The Secretary may, by regulations, provide that the preceding sentence shall apply also to interest paid or accrued to other persons.
(6) Foreign base company oil related income not treated as another kind of base company income 
Income of a corporation which is foreign base company oil related income shall not be considered foreign base company income of such corporation under paragraph (2),[2] or (3) of subsection (a).
(c) Foreign personal holding company income 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (a)(1), the term foreign personal holding company income means the portion of the gross income which consists of:
(A) Dividends, etc. 
Dividends, interest, royalties, rents, and annuities.
(B) Certain property transactions 
The excess of gains over losses from the sale or exchange of property
(i) which gives rise to income described in subparagraph (A) (after application of paragraph (2)(A)) other than property which gives rise to income not treated as foreign personal holding company income by reason of subsection (h) or (i) for the taxable year,
(ii) which is an interest in a trust, partnership, or REMIC, or
(iii) which does not give rise to any income.

Gains and losses from the sale or exchange of any property which, in the hands of the controlled foreign corporation, is property described in section 1221 (a)(1) shall not be taken into account under this subparagraph.

(C) Commodities transactions 
The excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward, and similar transactions) in any commodities. This subparagraph shall not apply to gains or losses which
(i) arise out of commodity hedging transactions (as defined in paragraph (5)(A)),
(ii) are active business gains or losses from the sale of commodities, but only if substantially all of the controlled foreign corporations commodities are property described in paragraph (1), (2), or (8) of section 1221 (a), or
(iii) are foreign currency gains or losses (as defined in section 988 (b)) attributable to any section 988 transactions.
(D) Foreign currency gains 
The excess of foreign currency gains over foreign currency losses (as defined in section 988 (b)) attributable to any section 988 transactions. This subparagraph shall not apply in the case of any transaction directly related to the business needs of the controlled foreign corporation.
(E) Income equivalent to interest 
Any income equivalent to interest, including income from commitment fees (or similar amounts) for loans actually made.
(F) Income from notional principal contracts 

(i) In general Net income from notional principal contracts.
(ii) Coordination with other categories of foreign personal holding company income Any item of income, gain, deduction, or loss from a notional principal contract entered into for purposes of hedging any item described in any preceding subparagraph shall not be taken into account for purposes of this subparagraph but shall be taken into account under such other subparagraph.
(G) Payments in lieu of dividends 
Payments in lieu of dividends which are made pursuant to an agreement to which section 1058 applies.
(H) Personal service contracts 

(i) Amounts received under a contract under which the corporation is to furnish personal services if
(I) some person other than the corporation has the right to designate (by name or by description) the individual who is to perform the services, or
(II) the individual who is to perform the services is designated (by name or by description) in the contract, and
(ii) amounts received from the sale or other disposition of such a contract.

This subparagraph shall apply with respect to amounts received for services under a particular contract only if at some time during the taxable year 25 percent or more in value of the outstanding stock of the corporation is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for the individual who has performed, is to perform, or may be designated (by name or by description) as the one to perform, such services.

(2) Exception for certain amounts 

(A) Rents and royalties derived in active business 
Foreign personal holding company income shall not include rents and royalties which are derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and which are received from a person other than a related person (within the meaning of subsection (d)(3)). For purposes of the preceding sentence, rents derived from leasing an aircraft or vessel in foreign commerce shall not fail to be treated as derived in the active conduct of a trade or business if, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the active leasing expenses are not less than 10 percent of the profit on the lease.
(B) Certain export financing 
Foreign personal holding company income shall not include any interest which is derived in the conduct of a banking business and which is export financing interest (as defined in section 904 (d)(2)(G)).
(C) Exception for dealers 
Except as provided by regulations, in the case of a regular dealer in property which is property described in paragraph (1)(B), forward contracts, option contracts, or similar financial instruments (including notional principal contracts and all instruments referenced to commodities), there shall not be taken into account in computing foreign personal holding company income
(i) any item of income, gain, deduction, or loss (other than any item described in subparagraph (A), (E), or (G) of paragraph (1)) from any transaction (including hedging transactions and transactions involving physical settlement) entered into in the ordinary course of such dealers trade or business as such a dealer, and
(ii) if such dealer is a dealer in securities (within the meaning of section 475), any interest or dividend or equivalent amount described in subparagraph (E) or (G) of paragraph (1) from any transaction (including any hedging transaction or transaction described in section 956 (c)(2)(I)) entered into in the ordinary course of such dealers trade or business as such a dealer in securities, but only if the income from the transaction is attributable to activities of the dealer in the country under the laws of which the dealer is created or organized (or in the case of a qualified business unit described in section 989 (a), is attributable to activities of the unit in the country in which the unit both maintains its principal office and conducts substantial business activity).
(3) Certain income received from related persons 

(A) In general 
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term foreign personal holding company income does not include
(i) dividends and interest received from a related person which
(I)  is a corporation created or organized under the laws of the same foreign country under the laws of which the controlled foreign corporation is created or organized, and
(II)  has a substantial part of its assets used in its trade or business located in such same foreign country, and
(ii) rents and royalties received from a corporation which is a related person for the use of, or the privilege of using, property within the country under the laws of which the controlled foreign corporation is created or organized.

To the extent provided in regulations, payments made by a partnership with 1 or more corporate partners shall be treated as made by such corporate partners in proportion to their respective interests in the partnership.

(B) Exception not to apply to items which reduce subpart F income 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of any interest, rent, or royalty to the extent such interest, rent, or royalty reduces the payors subpart F income or creates (or increases) a deficit which under section 952 (c) may reduce the subpart F income of the payor or another controlled foreign corporation.
(C) Exception for certain dividends 
Subparagraph (A)(i) shall not apply to any dividend with respect to any stock which is attributable to earnings and profits of the distributing corporation accumulated during any period during which the person receiving such dividend did not hold such stock either directly, or indirectly through a chain of one or more subsidiaries each of which meets the requirements of subparagraph (A)(i).
(4) Look-thru rule for certain partnership sales 

(A) In general 
In the case of any sale by a controlled foreign corporation of an interest in a partnership with respect to which such corporation is a 25-percent owner, such corporation shall be treated for purposes of this subsection as selling the proportionate share of the assets of the partnership attributable to such interest. The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to prevent abuse of the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations providing for coordination of this paragraph with the provisions of subchapter K.
(B) 25-percent owner 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term 25-percent owner means a controlled foreign corporation which owns directly 25 percent or more of the capital or profits interest in a partnership. For purposes of the preceding sentence, if a controlled foreign corporation is a shareholder or partner of a corporation or partnership, the controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as owning directly its proportionate share of any such capital or profits interest held directly or indirectly by such corporation or partnership. If a controlled foreign corporation is treated as owning a capital or profits interest in a partnership under constructive ownership rules similar to the rules of section 958 (b), the controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as owning such interest directly for purposes of this subparagraph.
(5) Definition and special rules relating to commodity transactions 

(A) Commodity hedging transactions 
For purposes of paragraph (1)(C)(i), the term commodity hedging transaction means any transaction with respect to a commodity if such transaction
(i) is a hedging transaction as defined in section 1221 (b)(2), determined
(I) without regard to subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof,
(II) by applying subparagraph (A)(i) thereof by substituting ordinary property or property described in section 1231 (b) for ordinary property, and
(III) by substituting controlled foreign corporation for taxpayer each place it appears, and
(ii) is clearly identified as such in accordance with section 1221 (a)(7).
(B) Treatment of dealer activities under paragraph (1)(C) 
Commodities with respect to which gains and losses are not taken into account under paragraph (2)(C) in computing a controlled foreign corporations foreign personal holding company income shall not be taken into account in applying the substantially all test under paragraph (1)(C)(ii) to such corporation.
(C) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are appropriate to carry out the purposes of paragraph (1)(C) in the case of transactions involving related parties.
(6) Look-thru rule for related controlled foreign corporations 

(A) In general 
For purposes of this subsection, dividends, interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued from a controlled foreign corporation which is a related person shall not be treated as foreign personal holding company income to the extent attributable or properly allocable (determined under rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (C) and (D) of section 904 (d)(3)) to income of the related person which is neither subpart F income nor income treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. For purposes of this subparagraph, interest shall include factoring income which is treated as income equivalent to interest for purposes of paragraph (1)(E). The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out this paragraph, including such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent the abuse of the purposes of this paragraph.
(B) Exception 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of any interest, rent, or royalty to the extent such interest, rent, or royalty creates (or increases) a deficit which under section 952 (c) may reduce the subpart F income of the payor or another controlled foreign corporation.
(C) Application 
Subparagraph (A) shall apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2005, and before January 1, 2009, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end.
(d) Foreign base company sales income 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (a)(2), the term foreign base company sales income means income (whether in the form of profits, commissions, fees, or otherwise) derived in connection with the purchase of personal property from a related person and its sale to any person, the sale of personal property to any person on behalf of a related person, the purchase of personal property from any person and its sale to a related person, or the purchase of personal property from any person on behalf of a related person where
(A) the property which is purchased (or in the case of property sold on behalf of a related person, the property which is sold) is manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted outside the country under the laws of which the controlled foreign corporation is created or organized, and
(B) the property is sold for use, consumption, or disposition outside such foreign country, or, in the case of property purchased on behalf of a related person, is purchased for use, consumption, or disposition outside such foreign country.

For purposes of this subsection, personal property does not include agricultural commodities which are not grown in the United States in commercially marketable quantities.

(2) Certain branch income 
For purposes of determining foreign base company sales income in situations in which the carrying on of activities by a controlled foreign corporation through a branch or similar establishment outside the country of incorporation of the controlled foreign corporation has substantially the same effect as if such branch or similar establishment were a wholly owned subsidiary corporation deriving such income, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary the income attributable to the carrying on of such activities of such branch or similar establishment shall be treated as income derived by a wholly owned subsidiary of the controlled foreign corporation and shall constitute foreign base company sales income of the controlled foreign corporation.
(3) Related person defined 
For purposes of this section, a person is a related person with respect to a controlled foreign corporation, if
(A) such person is an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, or estate which controls, or is controlled by, the controlled foreign corporation, or
(B) such person is a corporation, partnership, trust, or estate which is controlled by the same person or persons which control the controlled foreign corporation.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, control means, with respect to a corporation, the ownership, directly or indirectly, of stock possessing more than 50 percent of the total voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or of the total value of stock of such corporation. In the case of a partnership, trust, or estate, control means the ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50 percent (by value) of the beneficial interests in such partnership, trust, or estate. For purposes of this paragraph, rules similar to the rules of section 958 shall apply.

(4) Special rule for certain timber products 
For purposes of subsection (a)(2), the term foreign base company sales income includes any income (whether in the form of profits, commissions, fees, or otherwise) derived in connection with
(A) the sale of any unprocessed timber referred to in section 865 (b), or
(B) the milling of any such timber outside the United States.

Subpart G shall not apply to any amount treated as subpart F income by reason of this paragraph.

(e) Foreign base company services income 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (a)(3), the term foreign base company services income means income (whether in the form of compensation, commissions, fees, or otherwise) derived in connection with the performance of technical, managerial, engineering, architectural, scientific, skilled, industrial, commercial, or like services which
(A) are performed for or on behalf of any related person (within the meaning of subsection (d)(3)), and
(B) are performed outside the country under the laws of which the controlled foreign corporation is created or organized.
(2) Exception 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to income derived in connection with the performance of services which are directly related to
(A) the sale or exchange by the controlled foreign corporation of property manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted by it and which are performed before the time of the sale or exchange, or
(B) an offer or effort to sell or exchange such property.

Paragraph (1) shall also not apply to income which is exempt insurance income (as defined in section 953 (e)) or which is not treated as foreign personal holding income by reason of subsection (c)(2)(C)(ii), (h), or (i).

[(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 415(a)(2), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1511] 
(g) Foreign base company oil related income 
For purposes of this section
(1) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term foreign base company oil related income means foreign oil related income (within the meaning of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 907 (c)) other than income derived from a source within a foreign country in connection with
(A) oil or gas which was extracted from an oil or gas well located in such foreign country, or
(B) oil, gas, or a primary product of oil or gas which is sold by the foreign corporation or a related person for use or consumption within such country or is loaded in such country on a vessel or aircraft as fuel for such vessel or aircraft.

Such term shall not include any foreign personal holding company income (as defined in subsection (c)).

(2) Paragraph (1) applies only where corporation has produced 1,000 barrels per day or more 

(A) In general 
The term foreign base company oil related income shall not include any income of a foreign corporation if such corporation is not a large oil producer for the taxable year.
(B) Large oil producer 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term large oil producer means any corporation if, for the taxable year or for the preceding taxable year, the average daily production of foreign crude oil and natural gas of the related group which includes such corporation equaled or exceeded 1,000 barrels.
(C) Related group 
The term related group means a group consisting of the foreign corporation and any other person who is a related person with respect to such corporation.
(D) Average daily production of foreign crude oil and natural gas 
For purposes of this paragraph, the average daily production of foreign crude oil or natural gas of any related group for any taxable year (and the conversion of cubic feet of natural gas into barrels) shall be determined under rules similar to the rules of section 613A except that only crude oil or natural gas from a well located outside the United States shall be taken into account.
(h) Special rule for income derived in the active conduct of banking, financing, or similar businesses 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (c)(1), foreign personal holding company income shall not include qualified banking or financing income of an eligible controlled foreign corporation.
(2) Eligible controlled foreign corporation 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term eligible controlled foreign corporation means a controlled foreign corporation which
(i) is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business, and
(ii) conducts substantial activity with respect to such business.
(B) Predominantly engaged 
A controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business if
(i) more than 70 percent of the gross income of the controlled foreign corporation is derived directly from the active and regular conduct of a lending or finance business from transactions with customers which are not related persons,
(ii) it is engaged in the active conduct of a banking business and is an institution licensed to do business as a bank in the United States (or is any other corporation not so licensed which is specified by the Secretary in regulations), or
(iii) it is engaged in the active conduct of a securities business and is registered as a securities broker or dealer under section 15(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or is registered as a Government securities broker or dealer under section 15C(a) of such Act (or is any other corporation not so registered which is specified by the Secretary in regulations).
(3) Qualified banking or financing income 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term qualified banking or financing income means income of an eligible controlled foreign corporation which
(i) is derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business by
(I) such eligible controlled foreign corporation, or
(II) a qualified business unit of such eligible controlled foreign corporation,
(ii) is derived from one or more transactions
(I) with customers located in a country other than the United States, and
(II) substantially all of the activities in connection with which are conducted directly by the corporation or unit in its home country, and
(iii) is treated as earned by such corporation or unit in its home country for purposes of such countrys tax laws.
(B) Limitation on nonbanking and nonsecurities businesses 
No income of an eligible controlled foreign corporation not described in clause (ii) or (iii) of paragraph (2)(B) (or of a qualified business unit of such corporation) shall be treated as qualified banking or financing income unless more than 30 percent of such corporations or units gross income is derived directly from the active and regular conduct of a lending or finance business from transactions with customers which are not related persons and which are located within such corporations or units home country.
(C) Substantial activity requirement for cross border income 
The term qualified banking or financing income shall not include income derived from 1 or more transactions with customers located in a country other than the home country of the eligible controlled foreign corporation or a qualified business unit of such corporation unless such corporation or unit conducts substantial activity with respect to a banking, financing, or similar business in its home country.
(D) Determinations made separately 
For purposes of this paragraph, the qualified banking or financing income of an eligible controlled foreign corporation and each qualified business unit of such corporation shall be determined separately for such corporation and each such unit by taking into account
(i) in the case of the eligible controlled foreign corporation, only items of income, deduction, gain, or loss and activities of such corporation not properly allocable or attributable to any qualified business unit of such corporation, and
(ii) in the case of a qualified business unit, only items of income, deduction, gain, or loss and activities properly allocable or attributable to such unit.
(E) Direct conduct of activities 
For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii)(II), an activity shall be treated as conducted directly by an eligible controlled foreign corporation or qualified business unit in its home country if the activity is performed by employees of a related person and
(i) the related person is an eligible controlled foreign corporation the home country of which is the same as the home country of the corporation or unit to which subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) is being applied,
(ii) the activity is performed in the home country of the related person, and
(iii) the related person is compensated on an arms-length basis for the performance of the activity by its employees and such compensation is treated as earned by such person in its home country for purposes of the home countrys tax laws.
(4) Lending or finance business 
For purposes of this subsection, the term lending or finance business means the business of
(A) making loans,
(B) purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations,
(C) engaging in leasing (including entering into leases and purchasing, servicing, and disposing of leases and leased assets),
(D) issuing letters of credit or providing guarantees,
(E) providing charge and credit card services, or
(F) rendering services or making facilities available in connection with activities described in subparagraphs (A) through (E) carried on by
(i) the corporation (or qualified business unit) rendering services or making facilities available, or
(ii) another corporation (or qualified business unit of a corporation) which is a member of the same affiliated group (as defined in section 1504, but determined without regard to section 1504 (b)(3)).
(5) Other definitions 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) Customer 
The term customer means, with respect to any controlled foreign corporation or qualified business unit, any person which has a customer relationship with such corporation or unit and which is acting in its capacity as such.
(B) Home country 
Except as provided in regulations
(i) Controlled foreign corporation The term home country means, with respect to any controlled foreign corporation, the country under the laws of which the corporation was created or organized.
(ii) Qualified business unit The term home country means, with respect to any qualified business unit, the country in which such unit maintains its principal office.
(C) Located 
The determination of where a customer is located shall be made under rules prescribed by the Secretary.
(D) Qualified business unit 
The term qualified business unit has the meaning given such term by section 989 (a).
(E) Related person 
The term related person has the meaning given such term by subsection (d)(3).
(6) Coordination with exception for dealers 
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to income described in subsection (c)(2)(C)(ii) of a dealer in securities (within the meaning of section 475) which is an eligible controlled foreign corporation described in paragraph (2)(B)(iii).
(7) Anti-abuse rules 
For purposes of applying this subsection and subsection (c)(2)(C)(ii)
(A) there shall be disregarded any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction with respect to any transaction or series of transactions one of the principal purposes of which is qualifying income or gain for the exclusion under this section, including any transaction or series of transactions a principal purpose of which is the acceleration or deferral of any item in order to claim the benefits of such exclusion through the application of this subsection,
(B) there shall be disregarded any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction of an entity which is not engaged in regular and continuous transactions with customers which are not related persons,
(C) there shall be disregarded any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction with respect to any transaction or series of transactions utilizing, or doing business with
(i) one or more entities in order to satisfy any home country requirement under this subsection, or
(ii) a special purpose entity or arrangement, including a securitization, financing, or similar entity or arrangement,

if one of the principal purposes of such transaction or series of transactions is qualifying income or gain for the exclusion under this subsection, and

(D) a related person, an officer, a director, or an employee with respect to any controlled foreign corporation (or qualified business unit) which would otherwise be treated as a customer of such corporation or unit with respect to any transaction shall not be so treated if a principal purpose of such transaction is to satisfy any requirement of this subsection.
(8) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, subsection (c)(1)(B)(i), subsection (c)(2)(C)(ii), and the last sentence of subsection (e)(2).
(9) Application 
This subsection, subsection (c)(2)(C)(ii), and the last sentence of subsection (e)(2) shall apply only to taxable years of a foreign corporation beginning after December 31, 1998, and before January 1, 2009, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which any such taxable year of such foreign corporation ends.
(i) Special rule for income derived in the active conduct of insurance business 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (c)(1), foreign personal holding company income shall not include qualified insurance income of a qualifying insurance company.
(2) Qualified insurance income 
The term qualified insurance income means income of a qualifying insurance company which is
(A) received from a person other than a related person (within the meaning of subsection (d)(3)) and derived from the investments made by a qualifying insurance company or a qualifying insurance company branch of its reserves allocable to exempt contracts or of 80 percent of its unearned premiums from exempt contracts (as both are determined in the manner prescribed under paragraph (4)), or
(B) received from a person other than a related person (within the meaning of subsection (d)(3)) and derived from investments made by a qualifying insurance company or a qualifying insurance company branch of an amount of its assets allocable to exempt contracts equal to
(i) in the case of property, casualty, or health insurance contracts, one-third of its premiums earned on such insurance contracts during the taxable year (as defined in section 832 (b)(4)), and
(ii) in the case of life insurance or annuity contracts, 10 percent of the reserves described in subparagraph (A) for such contracts.
(3) Principles for determining insurance income 
Except as provided by the Secretary, for purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2)
(A) in the case of any contract which is a separate account-type contract (including any variable contract not meeting the requirements of section 817), income credited under such contract shall be allocable only to such contract, and
(B) income not allocable under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated ratably among contracts not described in subparagraph (A).
(4) Methods for determining unearned premiums and reserves 
For purposes of paragraph (2)(A)
(A) Property and casualty contracts 
The unearned premiums and reserves of a qualifying insurance company or a qualifying insurance company branch with respect to property, casualty, or health insurance contracts shall be determined using the same methods and interest rates which would be used if such company or branch were subject to tax under subchapter L, except that
(i) the interest rate determined for the functional currency of the company or branch, and which, except as provided by the Secretary, is calculated in the same manner as the Federal mid-term rate under section 1274 (d), shall be substituted for the applicable Federal interest rate, and
(ii) such company or branch shall use the appropriate foreign loss payment pattern.
(B) Life insurance and annuity contracts 

(i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), the amount of the reserve of a qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch for any life insurance or annuity contract shall be equal to the greater of
(I) the net surrender value of such contract (as defined in section 807 (e)(1)(A)), or
(II) the reserve determined under paragraph (5).
(ii) Ruling request, etc. The amount of the reserve under clause (i) shall be the foreign statement reserve for the contract (less any catastrophe, deficiency, equalization, or similar reserves), if, pursuant to a ruling request submitted by the taxpayer or as provided in published guidance, the Secretary determines that the factors taken into account in determining the foreign statement reserve provide an appropriate means of measuring income.
(C) Limitation on reserves 
In no event shall the reserve determined under this paragraph for any contract as of any time exceed the amount which would be taken into account with respect to such contract as of such time in determining foreign statement reserves (less any catastrophe, deficiency, equalization, or similar reserves).
(5) Amount of reserve 
The amount of the reserve determined under this paragraph with respect to any contract shall be determined in the same manner as it would be determined if the qualifying insurance company or qualifying insurance company branch were subject to tax under subchapter L, except that in applying such subchapter
(A) the interest rate determined for the functional currency of the company or branch, and which, except as provided by the Secretary, is calculated in the same manner as the Federal mid-term rate under section 1274 (d), shall be substituted for the applicable Federal interest rate,
(B) the highest assumed interest rate permitted to be used in determining foreign statement reserves shall be substituted for the prevailing State assumed interest rate, and
(C) tables for mortality and morbidity which reasonably reflect the current mortality and morbidity risks in the companys or branchs home country shall be substituted for the mortality and morbidity tables otherwise used for such subchapter.

The Secretary may provide that the interest rate and mortality and morbidity tables of a qualifying insurance company may be used for 1 or more of its qualifying insurance company branches when appropriate.

(6) Definitions 
For purposes of this subsection, any term used in this subsection which is also used in section 953 (e) shall have the meaning given such term by section 953.
[1] So in original.
[2] So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

26 USC 955 - Withdrawal of previously excluded subpart F income from qualified investment

(a) General rules 

(1) Amount withdrawn 
For purposes of this subpart, the amount of previously excluded subpart F income of any controlled foreign corporation withdrawn from investment in foreign base company shipping operations for any taxable year is an amount equal to the decrease in the amount of qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations of the controlled foreign corporation for such year, but only to the extent that the amount of such decrease does not exceed an amount equal to
(A) the sum of the amounts excluded under section 954 (b)(2) from the foreign base company income of such corporation for all prior taxable years beginning before 1987, reduced by
(B) the sum of the amounts of previously excluded subpart F income withdrawn from investment in foreign base company shipping operations of such corporation determined under this subsection for all prior taxable years.
(2) Decrease in qualified investments 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the amount of the decrease in qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations of any controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year is the amount by which
(A) the amount of qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations of the controlled foreign corporation as of the close of the last taxable year beginning before 1987 (to the extent such amount exceeds the sum of the decreases in qualified investments determined under this paragraph for prior taxable years beginning after 1986), exceeds
(B) the amount of qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations of the controlled foreign corporation at the close of the taxable year,

to the extent that the amount of such decrease does not exceed the sum of the earnings and profits for the taxable year and the earnings and profits accumulated for prior taxable years beginning after December 31, 1975, and the amount of previously excluded subpart F income invested in less developed country corporations described in section 955 (c)(2) (as in effect before the enactment of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975) to the extent attributable to earnings and profits accumulated for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962. For purposes of this paragraph, if qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations are disposed of by the controlled foreign corporation during the taxable year, the amount of the decrease in qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations of such controlled foreign corporations for such year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the amount (if any) by which the losses on such dispositions during such year exceed the gains on such dispositions during such year.

(3) Pro rata share of amount withdrawn 
In the case of any United States shareholder, the pro rata share of the amount of previously excluded subpart F income of any controlled foreign corporation withdrawn from investment in foreign base company shipping operations for any taxable year is his pro rata share of the amount determined under paragraph (1).
(b) Qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this subpart, the term qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations means investments in
(A) any aircraft or vessel used in foreign commerce, and
(B) other assets which are used in connection with the performance of services directly related to the use of any such aircraft or vessel.

Such term includes, but is not limited to, investments by a controlled foreign corporation in stock or obligations of another controlled foreign corporation which is a related person (within the meaning of section 954 (d)(3)) and which holds assets described in the preceding sentence, but only to the extent that such assets are so used.

(2) Qualified investments by related persons 
For purposes of determining the amount of qualified investments in foreign based company shipping operations, an investment (or a decrease in investment) in such operations by one or more controlled foreign corporations may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be treated as an investment (or a decrease in investment) by another corporation which is a controlled foreign corporation and is a related person (as defined in section 954 (d)(3) with respect to the corporation actually making or withdrawing the investment.
(3) Special rule 
For purposes of this subpart, a United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, elect to make the determinations under subsection (a)(2) of this section and under subsection (g) of section 954 as of the close of the years following the years referred to in such subsections, or as of the close of such longer period of time as such regulations may permit, in lieu of on the last day of such years. Any election under this paragraph made with respect to any taxable year shall apply to such year and to all succeeding taxable years unless the Secretary consents to the revocation of such election.
(4) Amount attributable to property 
The amount taken into account under this subpart with respect to any property described in paragraph (1) shall be its adjusted basis, reduced by any liability to which such property is subject.
(5) Income excluded under prior law 
Amounts invested in less developed country corporations described in section 955 (c)(2) (as in effect before the enactment of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975) shall be treated as qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations and shall not be treated as investments in less developed countries for purposes of section 951 (a)(1)(A)(ii).

26 USC 956 - Investment of earnings in United States property

(a) General rule 
In the case of any controlled foreign corporation, the amount determined under this section with respect to any United States shareholder for any taxable year is the lesser of
(1) the excess (if any) of
(A) such shareholders pro rata share of the average of the amounts of United States property held (directly or indirectly) by the controlled foreign corporation as of the close of each quarter of such taxable year, over
(B) the amount of earnings and profits described in section 959 (c)(1)(A) with respect to such shareholder, or
(2) such shareholders pro rata share of the applicable earnings of such controlled foreign corporation.

The amount taken into account under paragraph (1) with respect to any property shall be its adjusted basis as determined for purposes of computing earnings and profits, reduced by any liability to which the property is subject.

(b) Special rules 

(1) Applicable earnings 
For purposes of this section, the term applicable earnings means, with respect to any controlled foreign corporation, the sum of
(A) the amount (not including a deficit) referred to in section 316 (a)(1) to the extent such amount was accumulated in prior taxable years, and
(B) the amount referred to in section 316 (a)(2),

but reduced by distributions made during the taxable year and by earnings and profits described in section 959 (c)(1).

(2) Special rule for U.S. property acquired before corporation is a controlled foreign corporation 
In applying subsection (a) to any taxable year, there shall be disregarded any item of United States property which was acquired by the controlled foreign corporation before the first day on which such corporation was treated as a controlled foreign corporation. The aggregate amount of property disregarded under the preceding sentence shall not exceed the portion of the applicable earnings of such controlled foreign corporation which were accumulated during periods before such first day.
(3) Special rule where corporation ceases to be controlled foreign corporation 
If any foreign corporation ceases to be a controlled foreign corporation during any taxable year
(A) the determination of any United States shareholders pro rata share shall be made on the basis of stock owned (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) by such shareholder on the last day during the taxable year on which the foreign corporation is a controlled foreign corporation,
(B) the average referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A) for such taxable year shall be determined by only taking into account quarters ending on or before such last day, and
(C) in determining applicable earnings, the amount taken into account by reason of being described in paragraph (2) of section 316 (a) shall be the portion of the amount so described which is allocable (on a pro rata basis) to the part of such year during which the corporation is a controlled foreign corporation.
(c) United States property defined 

(1) In general 
For purposes of subsection (a), the term United States property means any property acquired after December 31, 1962, which is
(A) tangible property located in the United States;
(B) stock of a domestic corporation;
(C) an obligation of a United States person; or
(D) any right to the use in the United States of
(i) a patent or copyright,
(ii) an invention, model, or design (whether or not patented),
(iii) a secret formula or process, or
(iv) any other similar right,

which is acquired or developed by the controlled foreign corporation for use in the United States.

(2) Exceptions 
For purposes of subsection (a), the term United States property does not include
(A) obligations of the United States, money, or deposits with
(i) any bank (as defined by section 2(c) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841 (c)), without regard to subparagraphs (C) and (G) of paragraph (2) of such section), or
(ii) any corporation not described in clause (i) with respect to which a bank holding company (as defined by section 2(a) of such Act) or financial holding company (as defined by section 2(p) of such Act) owns directly or indirectly more than 80 percent by vote or value of the stock of such corporation;
(B) property located in the United States which is purchased in the United States for export to, or use in, foreign countries;
(C) any obligation of a United States person arising in connection with the sale or processing of property if the amount of such obligation outstanding at no time during the taxable year exceeds the amount which would be ordinary and necessary to carry on the trade or business of both the other party to the sale or processing transaction and the United States person had the sale or processing transaction been made between unrelated persons;
(D) any aircraft, railroad rolling stock, vessel, motor vehicle, or container used in the transportation of persons or property in foreign commerce and used predominantly outside the United States;
(E) an amount of assets of an insurance company equivalent to the unearned premiums or reserves ordinary and necessary for the proper conduct of its insurance business attributable to contracts which are not contracts described in section 953 (a)(1);[1]
(F) the stock or obligations of a domestic corporation which is neither a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951(b)) of the controlled foreign corporation, nor a domestic corporation, 25 percent or more of the total combined voting power of which, immediately after the acquisition of any stock in such domestic corporation by the controlled foreign corporation, is owned, or is considered as being owned, by such United States shareholders in the aggregate;
(G) any movable property (other than a vessel or aircraft) which is used for the purpose of exploring for, developing, removing, or transporting resources from ocean waters or under such waters when used on the Continental Shelf of the United States;
(H) an amount of assets of the controlled foreign corporation equal to the earnings and profits accumulated after December 31, 1962, and excluded from subpart F income under section 952 (b);
(I) deposits of cash or securities made or received on commercial terms in the ordinary course of a United States or foreign persons business as a dealer in securities or in commodities, but only to the extent such deposits are made or received as collateral or margin for (i) a securities loan, notional principal contract, options contract, forward contract, or futures contract, or (ii) any other financial transaction in which the Secretary determines that it is customary to post collateral or margin;
(J) an obligation of a United States person to the extent the principal amount of the obligation does not exceed the fair market value of readily marketable securities sold or purchased pursuant to a sale and repurchase agreement or otherwise posted or received as collateral for the obligation in the ordinary course of its business by a United States or foreign person which is a dealer in securities or commodities;
(K) securities acquired and held by a controlled foreign corporation in the ordinary course of its business as a dealer in securities if
(i) the dealer accounts for the securities as securities held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, and
(ii) the dealer disposes of the securities (or such securities mature while held by the dealer) within a period consistent with the holding of securities for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business; and
(L) an obligation of a United States person which
(i) is not a domestic corporation, and
(ii) is not
(I) a United States shareholder (as defined in section 951(b)) of the controlled foreign corporation, or
(II) a partnership, estate, or trust in which the controlled foreign corporation, or any related person (as defined in section 954 (d)(3)), is a partner, beneficiary, or trustee immediately after the acquisition of any obligation of such partnership, estate, or trust by the controlled foreign corporation.

For purposes of subparagraphs (I), (J), and (K), the term dealer in securities has the meaning given such term by section 475 (c)(1), and the term dealer in commodities has the meaning given such term by section 475 (e), except that such term shall include a futures commission merchant.

(3) Certain trade or service receivables acquired from related United States persons 

(A) In general 
Notwithstanding paragraph (2) (other than subparagraph (H) thereof), the term United States property includes any trade or service receivable if
(i) such trade or service receivable is acquired (directly or indirectly) from a related person who is a United States person, and
(ii) the obligor under such receivable is a United States person.
(B) Definitions 
For purposes of this paragraph, the term trade or service receivable and related person have the respective meanings given to such terms by section 864 (d).
(d) Pledges and guarantees 
For purposes of subsection (a), a controlled foreign corporation shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be considered as holding an obligation of a United States person if such controlled foreign corporation is a pledgor or guarantor of such obligations.
(e) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations to prevent the avoidance of the provisons[2] of this section through reorganizations or otherwise.
[1] See References in Text note below.
[2] So in original. Probably should be “provisions”.

26 USC 956A - Repealed. Pub. L. 104188, title I, 1501(a)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1825]

Section, added Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13231(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 496; amended Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1703(i)(2), (3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1876, related to earnings invested in excess passive assets.

26 USC 957 - Controlled foreign corporations; United States persons

(a) General rule 
For purposes of this subpart, the term controlled foreign corporation means any foreign corporation if more than 50 percent of
(1) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or
(2) the total value of the stock of such corporation,

is owned (within the meaning of section 958 (a)), or is considered as owned by applying the rules of ownership of section 958 (b), by United States shareholders on any day during the taxable year of such foreign corporation.

(b) Special rule for insurance 
For purposes only of taking into account income described in section 953 (a) (relating to insurance income), the term controlled foreign corporation includes not only a foreign corporation as defined by subsection (a) but also one of which more than 25 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock (or more than 25 percent of the total value of stock) is owned (within the meaning of section 958 (a)), or is considered as owned by applying the rules of ownership of section 958 (b), by United States shareholders on any day during the taxable year of such corporation, if the gross amount of premiums or other consideration in respect of the reinsurance or the issuing of insurance or annuity contracts described in section 953 (a)(1)1 exceeds 75 percent of the gross amount of all premiums or other consideration in respect of all risks.
(c) United States person 
For purposes of this subpart, the term United States person has the meaning assigned to it by section 7701 (a)(30) except that
(1) with respect to a corporation organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, such term does not include an individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico, if a dividend received by such individual during the taxable year from such corporation would, for purposes of section 933 (1), be treated as income derived from sources within Puerto Rico, and
(2) with respect to a corporation organized under the laws of Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands
(A) 80 percent or more of the gross income of which for the 3-year period ending at the close of the taxable year (or for such part of such period as such corporation or any predecessor has been in existence) was derived from sources within such a possession or was effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in such a possession, and
(B) 50 percent or more of the gross income of which for such period (or part) was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business within such a possession, such term does not include an individual who is a bona fide resident of Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

For purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2), the determination as to whether income was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business within a possession shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

[1] See References in Text note below.

26 USC 958 - Rules for determining stock ownership

(a) Direct and indirect ownership 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of this subpart (other than section 960 (a)(1)), stock owned means
(A) stock owned directly, and
(B) stock owned with the application of paragraph (2).
(2) Stock ownership through foreign entities 
For purposes of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a foreign corporation, foreign partnership, or foreign trust or foreign estate (within the meaning of section 7701 (a)(31)) shall be considered as being owned proportionately by its shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.
(3) Special rule for mutual insurance companies 
For purposes of applying paragraph (1) in the case of a foreign mutual insurance company, the term stock shall include any certificate entitling the holder to voting power in the corporation.
(b) Constructive ownership 
For purposes of sections 951 (b), 954 (d)(3), 956 (c)(2), and 957, section 318(a) (relating to constructive ownership of stock) shall apply to the extent that the effect is to treat any United States person as a United States shareholder within the meaning of section 951 (b), to treat a person as a related person within the meaning of section 954 (d)(3), to treat the stock of a domestic corporation as owned by a United States shareholder of the controlled foreign corporation for purposes of section 956 (c)(2), or to treat a foreign corporation as a controlled foreign corporation under section 957, except that
(1) In applying paragraph (1)(A) of section 318 (a), stock owned by a nonresident alien individual (other than a foreign trust or foreign estate) shall not be considered as owned by a citizen or by a resident alien individual.
(2) In applying subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 318 (a)(2), if a partnership, estate, trust, or corporation owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of a corporation, it shall be considered as owning all the stock entitled to vote.
(3) In applying subparagraph (C) of section 318 (a)(2), the phrase 10 percent shall be substituted for the phrase 50 percent used in subparagraph (C).
(4) Subparagraph (A), (B), and (C) of section 318 (a)(3) shall not be applied so as to consider a United States person as owning stock which is owned by a person who is not a United States person.

Paragraphs (1) and (4) shall not apply for purposes of section 956 (c)(2) to treat stock of a domestic corporation as not owned by a United States shareholder.

26 USC 959 - Exclusion from gross income of previously taxed earnings and profits

(a) Exclusion from gross income of United States persons 
For purposes of this chapter, the earnings and profits of a foreign corporation attributable to amounts which are, or have been, included in the gross income of a United States shareholder under section 951 (a) shall not, when
(1) such amounts are distributed to, or
(2) such amounts would, but for this subsection, be included under section 951 (a)(1)(B) in the gross income of,

such shareholder (or any other United States person who acquires from any person any portion of the interest of such United States shareholder in such foreign corporation, but only to the extent of such portion, and subject to such proof of the identity of such interest as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) directly or indirectly through a chain of ownership described under section 958 (a), be again included in the gross income of such United States shareholder (or of such other United States person). The rules of subsection (c) shall apply for purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection and the rules of subsection (f) shall apply for purposes of paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(b) Exclusion from gross income of certain foreign subsidiaries 
For purposes of section 951 (a), the earnings and profits of a controlled foreign corporation attributable to amounts which are, or have been, included in the gross income of a United States shareholder under section 951 (a), shall not, when distributed through a chain of ownership described under section 958 (a), be also included in the gross income of another controlled foreign corporation in such chain for purposes of the application of section 951 (a) to such other controlled foreign corporation with respect to such United States shareholder (or to any other United States shareholder who acquires from any person any portion of the interest of such United States shareholder in the controlled foreign corporation, but only to the extent of such portion, and subject to such proof of identity of such interest as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations).
(c) Allocation of distributions 
For purposes of subsections (a) and (b), section 316(a) shall be applied by applying paragraph (2) thereof, and then paragraph (1) thereof
(1) first to the aggregate of
(A) earnings and profits attributable to amounts included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(B) (or which would have been included except for subsection (a)(2) of this section), and
(B) earnings and profits attributable to amounts included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(C) (or which would have been included except for subsection (a)(3) of this section),

with any distribution being allocated between earnings and profits described in subparagraph (A) and earnings and profits described in subparagraph (B) proportionately on the basis of the respective amounts of such earnings and profits,

(2) then to earnings and profits attributable to amounts included in gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(A) (but reduced by amounts not included under subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 951 (a)(1) because of the exclusions in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a) of this section), and
(3) then to other earnings and profits.

References in this subsection to section 951 (a)(1)(C) and subsection (a)(3) shall be treated as references to such provisions as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996.

(d) Distributions excluded from gross income not to be treated as dividends 
Except as provided in section 960 (a)(3), any distribution excluded from gross income under subsection (a) shall be treated, for purposes of this chapter, as a distribution which is not a dividend; except that such distributions shall immediately reduce earnings and profits.
(e) Coordination with amounts previously taxed under section 1248 
For purposes of this section and section 960 (b), any amount included in the gross income of any person as a dividend by reason of subsection (a) or (f) of section 1248 shall be treated as an amount included in the gross income of such person (or, in any case to which section 1248 (e) applies, of the domestic corporation referred to in section 1248 (e)(2)) under section 951 (a)(1)(A).
(f) Allocation rules for certain inclusions 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this section, amounts that would be included under subparagraph (B) of section 951 (a)(1) (determined without regard to this section) shall be treated as attributable first to earnings described in subsection (c)(2), and then to earnings described in subsection (c)(3).
(2) Treatment of distributions 
In applying this section, actual distributions shall be taken into account before amounts that would be included under section 951 (a)(1)(B) (determined without regard to this section).

26 USC 960 - Special rules for foreign tax credit

(a) Taxes paid by a foreign corporation 

(1) Deemed paid credit 
For purposes of subpart A of this part, if there is included under section 951 (a) in the gross income of a domestic corporation any amount attributable to earnings and profits of a foreign corporation which is a member of a qualified group (as defined in section 902 (b)) with respect to the domestic corporation, then, except to the extent provided in regulations, section 902 shall be applied as if the amount so included were a dividend paid by such foreign corporation (determined by applying section 902 (c) in accordance with section 904 (d)(3)(B)).
(2) Taxes previously deemed paid by domestic corporation 
If a domestic corporation receives a distribution from a foreign corporation, any portion of which is excluded from gross income under section 959, the income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid or deemed paid by such foreign corporation to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States in connection with the earnings and profits of such foreign corporation from which such distribution is made shall not be taken into account for purposes of section 902, to the extent such taxes were deemed paid by a domestic corporation under paragraph (1) for any prior taxable year.
(3) Taxes paid by foreign corporation and not previously deemed paid by domestic corporation 
Any portion of a distribution from a foreign corporation received by a domestic corporation which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) shall be treated by the domestic corporation as a dividend, solely for purposes of taking into account under section 902 any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States, on or with respect to the accumulated profits of such foreign corporation from which such distribution is made, which were not deemed paid by the domestic corporation under paragraph (1) for any prior taxable year.
(b) Special rules for foreign tax credit in year of receipt of previously taxed earnings and profits 

(1) Increase in section 904 limitation 
In the case of any taxpayer who
(A) either
(i)  chose to have the benefits of subpart A of this part for a taxable year beginning after September 30, 1993, in which he was required under section 951 (a) to include any amount in his gross income, or
(ii)  did not pay or accrue for such taxable year any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States,
(B) chooses to have the benefits of subpart A of this part for any taxable year in which he receives 1 or more distributions or amounts which are excludable from gross income under section 959 (a) and which are attributable to amounts included in his gross income for taxable years referred to in subparagraph (A), and
(C) for the taxable year in which such distributions or amounts are received, pays, or is deemed to have paid, or accrues income, war profits, or excess profits taxes to a foreign country or to any possession of the United States with respect to such distributions or amounts,

the limitation under section 904 for the taxable year in which such distributions or amounts are received shall be increased by the lesser of the amount of such taxes paid, or deemed paid, or accrued with respect to such distributions or amounts or the amount in the excess limitation account as of the beginning of such taxable year.

(2) Excess limitation account 

(A) Establishment of account 
Each taxpayer meeting the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) shall establish an excess limitation account. The opening balance of such account shall be zero.
(B) Increases in account 
For each taxable year beginning after September 30, 1993, the taxpayer shall increase the amount in the excess limitation account by the excess (if any) of
(i) the amount by which the limitation under section 904 (a) for such taxable year was increased by reason of the total amount of the inclusions in gross income under section 951 (a) for such taxable year, over
(ii) the amount of any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes paid, or deemed paid, or accrued to any foreign country or possession of the United States which were allowable as a credit under section 901 for such taxable year and which would not have been allowable but for the inclusions in gross income described in clause (i).

Proper reductions in the amount added to the account under the preceding sentence for any taxable year shall be made for any increase in the credit allowable under section 901 for such taxable year by reason of a carryback if such increase would not have been allowable but for the inclusions in gross income described in clause (i).

(C) Decreases in account 
For each taxable year beginning after September 30, 1993, for which the limitation under section 904 was increased under paragraph (1), the taxpayer shall reduce the amount in the excess limitation account by the amount of such increase.
(3) Distributions of income previously taxed in years beginning before October 1, 1993 
If the taxpayer receives a distribution or amount in a taxable year beginning after September 30, 1993, which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) and is attributable to any amount included in gross income under section 951 (a) for a taxable year beginning before October 1, 1993, the limitation under section 904 for the taxable year in which such amount or distribution is received shall be increased by the amount determined under this subsection as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconcilation[1] Act of 1993.
(4) Cases in which taxes not to be allowed as deduction 
In the case of any taxpayer who
(A) chose to have the benefits of subpart A of this part for a taxable year in which he was required under section 951 (a) to include in his gross income an amount in respect of a controlled foreign corporation, and
(B) does not choose to have the benefits of subpart A of this part for the taxable year in which he receives a distribution or amount which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) and which is attributable to earnings and profits of the controlled foreign corporation which was included in his gross income for the taxable year referred to in subparagraph (A),

no deduction shall be allowed under section 164 for the taxable year in which such distribution or amount is received for any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States on or with respect to such distribution or amount.

(5) Insufficient taxable income 
If an increase in the limitation under this subsection exceeds the tax imposed by this chapter for such year, the amount of such excess shall be deemed an overpayment of tax for such year.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “Reconciliation”.

26 USC 961 - Adjustments to basis of stock in controlled foreign corporations and of other property

(a) Increase in basis 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the basis of a United States shareholders stock in a controlled foreign corporation, and the basis of property of a United States shareholder by reason of which he is considered under section 958 (a)(2) as owning stock of a controlled foreign corporation, shall be increased by the amount required to be included in his gross income under section 951 (a) with respect to such stock or with respect to such property, as the case may be, but only to the extent to which such amount was included in the gross income of such United States shareholder. In the case of a United States shareholder who has made an election under section 962 for the taxable year, the increase in basis provided by this subsection shall not exceed an amount equal to the amount of tax paid under this chapter with respect to the amounts required to be included in his gross income under section 951 (a).
(b) Reduction in basis 

(1) In general 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the adjusted basis of stock or other property with respect to which a United States shareholder or a United States person receives an amount which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) shall be reduced by the amount so excluded. In the case of a United States shareholder who has made an election under section 962 for any prior taxable year, the reduction in basis provided by this paragraph shall not exceed an amount equal to the amount received which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) after the application of section 962 (d).
(2) Amount in excess of basis 
To the extent that an amount excluded from gross income under section 959 (a) exceeds the adjusted basis of the stock or other property with respect to which it is received, the amount shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of property.
(c) Basis adjustments in stock held by foreign corporations 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if a United States shareholder is treated under section 958 (a)(2) as owning stock in a controlled foreign corporation which is owned by another controlled foreign corporation, then adjustments similar to the adjustments provided by subsections (a) and (b) shall be made to
(1) the basis of such stock, and
(2) the basis of stock in any other controlled foreign corporation by reason of which the United States shareholder is considered under section 958 (a)(2) as owning the stock described in paragraph (1),

but only for the purposes of determining the amount included under section 951 in the gross income of such United States shareholder (or any other United States shareholder who acquires from any person any portion of the interest of such United States shareholder by reason of which such shareholder was treated as owning such stock, but only to the extent of such portion, and subject to such proof of identity of such interest as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations). The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to any stock to which a basis adjustment applies under subsection (a) or (b).

26 USC 962 - Election by individuals to be subject to tax at corporate rates

(a) General rule 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in the case of a United States shareholder who is an individual and who elects to have the provisions of this section apply for the taxable year
(1) the tax imposed under this chapter on amounts which are included in his gross income under section 951 (a) shall (in lieu of the tax determined under sections 1 and 55) be an amount equal to the tax which would be imposed under sections 11 and 55 if such amounts were received by a domestic corporation, and
(2) for purposes of applying the provisions of section 960 (relating to foreign tax credit) such amounts shall be treated as if they were received by a domestic corporation.
(b) Election 
An election to have the provisions of this section apply for any taxable year shall be made by a United States shareholder at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulations. An election made for any taxable year may not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary.
(c) Pro ration of each section 11 bracket amount 
For purposes of applying subsection (a)(1), the amount in each taxable income bracket in the tax table in section 11 (b) shall not exceed an amount which bears the same ratio to such bracket amount as the amount included in the gross income of the United States shareholder under section 951 (a) for the taxable year bears to such shareholders pro rata share of the earnings and profits for the taxable year of all controlled foreign corporations with respect to which such shareholder includes any amount in gross income under section 951 (a).
(d) Special rule for actual distributions 
The earnings and profits of a foreign corporation attributable to amounts which were included in the gross income of a United States shareholder under section 951 (a) and with respect to which an election under this section applied shall, when such earnings and profits are distributed, notwithstanding the provisions of section 959 (a)(1), be included in gross income to the extent that such earnings and profits so distributed exceed the amount of tax paid under this chapter on the amounts to which such election applied.

26 USC 963 - Repealed. Pub. L. 9412, title VI, 602(a)(1), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 58]

Section, added Pub. L. 87–834, § 12(a), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1023; amended Pub. L. 88–272, title I, § 123(b), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 90–364, title I, § 102(b), June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 91–53, § 5(b), Aug. 7, 1969, 83 Stat. 95; Pub. L. 91–172, title VII, § 701(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 659, dealt with the receipt of minimum distributions by domestic corporations.

26 USC 964 - Miscellaneous provisions

(a) Earnings and profits 
Except as provided in section 312 (k)(4), for purposes of this subpart, the earnings and profits of any foreign corporation, and the deficit in earnings and profits of any foreign corporation, for any taxable year shall be determined according to rules substantially similar to those applicable to domestic corporations, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. In determining such earnings and profits, or the deficit in such earnings and profits, the amount of any illegal bribe, kickback, or other payment (within the meaning of section 162 (c)) shall not be taken into account to decrease such earnings and profits or to increase such deficit. The payments referred to in the preceding sentence are payments which would be unlawful under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 if the payor were a United States person.
(b) Blocked foreign income 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, no part of the earnings and profits of a controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year shall be included in earnings and profits for purposes of sections 952, 955, and 956, if it is established to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such part could not have been distributed by the controlled foreign corporation to United States shareholders who own (within the meaning of section 958 (a)) stock of such controlled foreign corporation because of currency or other restrictions or limitations imposed under the laws of any foreign country.
(c) Records and accounts of United States shareholders 

(1) Records and accounts to be maintained 
The Secretary may by regulations require each person who is, or has been, a United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation to maintain such records and accounts as may be prescribed by such regulations as necessary to carry out the provisions of this subpart and subpart G.
(2) Two or more persons required to maintain or furnish the same records and accounts with respect to the same foreign corporation 
Where, but for this paragraph, two or more United States persons would be required to maintain or furnish the same records and accounts as may by regulations be required under paragraph (1) with respect to the same controlled foreign corporation for the same period, the Secretary may by regulations provide that the maintenance or furnishing of such records and accounts by only one such person shall satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1) for such other persons.
(d) Treatment of certain branches 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this chapter, section 6038, section 6046, and such other provisions as may be specified in regulations
(A) a qualified insurance branch of a controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as a separate foreign corporation created under the laws of the foreign country with respect to which such branch qualifies under paragraph (2), and
(B) except as provided in regulations, any amount directly or indirectly transferred or credited from such branch to one or more other accounts of such controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as a dividend paid to such controlled foreign corporation.
(2) Qualified insurance branch 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term qualified insurance branch means any branch of a controlled foreign corporation which is licensed and predominantly engaged on a permanent basis in the active conduct of an insurance business in a foreign country if
(A) separate books and accounts are maintained for such branch,
(B) the principal place of business of such branch is in such foreign country,
(C) such branch would be taxable under subchapter L if it were a separate domestic corporation, and
(D) an election under this paragraph applies to such branch.

An election under this paragraph shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.

(3) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
(e) Gain on certain stock sales by controlled foreign corporations treated as dividends 

(1) In general 
If a controlled foreign corporation sells or exchanges stock in any other foreign corporation, gain recognized on such sale or exchange shall be included in the gross income of such controlled foreign corporation as a dividend to the same extent that it would have been so included under section 1248 (a) if such controlled foreign corporation were a United States person. For purposes of determining the amount which would have been so includible, the determination of whether such other foreign corporation was a controlled foreign corporation shall be made without regard to the preceding sentence.
(2) Same country exception not applicable 
Clause (i) of section 954 (c)(3)(A) shall not apply to any amount treated as a dividend by reason of paragraph (1).
(3) Clarification of deemed sales 
For purposes of this subsection, a controlled foreign corporation shall be treated as having sold or exchanged any stock if, under any provision of this subtitle, such controlled foreign corporation is treated as having gain from the sale or exchange of such stock.

26 USC 965 - Temporary dividends received deduction

(a) Deduction 

(1) In general 
In the case of a corporation which is a United States shareholder and for which the election under this section is in effect for the taxable year, there shall be allowed as a deduction an amount equal to 85 percent of the cash dividends which are received during such taxable year by such shareholder from controlled foreign corporations.
(2) Dividends paid indirectly from controlled foreign corporations 
If, within the taxable year for which the election under this section is in effect, a United States shareholder receives a cash distribution from a controlled foreign corporation which is excluded from gross income under section 959 (a), such distribution shall be treated for purposes of this section as a cash dividend to the extent of any amount included in income by such United States shareholder under section 951 (a)(1)(A) as a result of any cash dividend during such taxable year to
(A) such controlled foreign corporation from another controlled foreign corporation that is in a chain of ownership described in section 958 (a), or
(B) any other controlled foreign corporation in such chain of ownership from another controlled foreign corporation in such chain of ownership, but only to the extent of cash distributions described in section 959 (b) which are made during such taxable year to the controlled foreign corporation from which such United States shareholder received such distribution.
(b) Limitations 

(1) In general 
The amount of dividends taken into account under subsection (a) shall not exceed the greater of
(A) $500,000,000,
(B) the amount shown on the applicable financial statement as earnings permanently reinvested outside the United States, or
(C) in the case of an applicable financial statement which fails to show a specific amount of earnings permanently reinvested outside the United States and which shows a specific amount of tax liability attributable to such earnings, the amount equal to the amount of such liability divided by 0.35.

The amounts described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) shall be treated as being zero if there is no such statement or such statement fails to show a specific amount of such earnings or liability, as the case may be.

(2) Dividends must be extraordinary 
The amount of dividends taken into account under subsection (a) shall not exceed the excess (if any) of
(A) the cash dividends received during the taxable year by such shareholder from controlled foreign corporations, over
(B) the annual average for the base period years of
(i) the dividends received during each base period year by such shareholder from controlled foreign corporations,
(ii) the amounts includible in such shareholders gross income for each base period year under section 951 (a)(1)(B) with respect to controlled foreign corporations, and
(iii) the amounts that would have been included for each base period year but for section 959 (a) with respect to controlled foreign corporations.

The amount taken into account under clause (iii) for any base period year shall not include any amount which is not includible in gross income by reason of an amount described in clause (ii) with respect to a prior taxable year. Amounts described in subparagraph (B) for any base period year shall be such amounts as shown on the most recent return filed for such year; except that amended returns filed after June 30, 2003, shall not be taken into account.

(3) Reduction of benefit if increase in related party indebtedness 
The amount of dividends which would (but for this paragraph) be taken into account under subsection (a) shall be reduced by the excess (if any) of
(A) the amount of indebtedness of the controlled foreign corporation to any related person (as defined in section 954(d)(3)) as of the close of the taxable year for which the election under this section is in effect, over
(B) the amount of indebtedness of the controlled foreign corporation to any related person (as so defined) as of the close of October 3, 2004.

All controlled foreign corporations with respect to which the taxpayer is a United States shareholder shall be treated as 1 controlled foreign corporation for purposes of this paragraph. The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations which provide that cash dividends shall not be taken into account under subsection (a) to the extent such dividends are attributable to the direct or indirect transfer (including through the use of intervening entities or capital contributions) of cash or other property from a related person (as so defined) to a controlled foreign corporation.

(4) Requirement to invest in United States 
Subsection (a) shall not apply to any dividend received by a United States shareholder unless the amount of the dividend is invested in the United States pursuant to a domestic reinvestment plan which
(A) is approved by the taxpayers president, chief executive officer, or comparable official before the payment of such dividend and subsequently approved by the taxpayers board of directors, management committee, executive committee, or similar body, and
(B) provides for the reinvestment of such dividend in the United States (other than as payment for executive compensation), including as a source for the funding of worker hiring and training, infrastructure, research and development, capital investments, or the financial stabilization of the corporation for the purposes of job retention or creation.
(c) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Applicable financial statement 
The term applicable financial statement means
(A) with respect to a United States shareholder which is required to file a financial statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or which is included in such a statement so filed by another person), the most recent audited annual financial statement (including the notes which form an integral part of such statement) of such shareholder (or which includes such shareholder)
(i) which was so filed on or before June 30, 2003, and
(ii) which was certified on or before June 30, 2003, as being prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and
(B) with respect to any other United States shareholder, the most recent audited financial statement (including the notes which form an integral part of such statement) of such shareholder (or which includes such shareholder)
(i) which was certified on or before June 30, 2003, as being prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and
(ii) which is used for the purposes of a statement or report
(I) to creditors,
(II) to shareholders, or
(III) for any other substantial nontax purpose.
(2) Base period years 

(A) In general 
The base period years are the 3 taxable years
(i) which are among the 5 most recent taxable years ending on or before June 30, 2003, and
(ii) which are determined by disregarding
(I) 1 taxable year for which the sum of the amounts described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subsection (b)(2)(B) is the largest, and
(II) 1 taxable year for which such sum is the smallest.
(B) Shorter period 
If the taxpayer has fewer than 5 taxable years ending on or before June 30, 2003, then in lieu of applying subparagraph (A), the base period years shall include all the taxable years of the taxpayer ending on or before June 30, 2003.
(C) Mergers, acquisitions, etc. 

(i) In general Rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 41 (f)(3) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
(ii) Spin-offs, etc. If there is a distribution to which section 355 (or so much of section 356 as relates to section 355) applies during the 5-year period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) and the controlled corporation (within the meaning of section 355) is a United States shareholder
(I) the controlled corporation shall be treated as being in existence during the period that the distributing corporation (within the meaning of section 355) is in existence, and
(II) for purposes of applying subsection (b)(2) to the controlled corporation and the distributing corporation, amounts described in subsection (b)(2)(B) which are received or includible by the distributing corporation or controlled corporation (as the case may be) before the distribution referred to in subclause (I) from a controlled foreign corporation shall be allocated between such corporations in proportion to their respective interests as United States shareholders of such controlled foreign corporation immediately after such distribution.

Subclause (II) shall not apply if neither the controlled corporation nor the distributing corporation is a United States shareholder of such controlled foreign corporation immediately after such distribution.

(3) Dividend 
The term dividend shall not include amounts includible in gross income as a dividend under section 78, 367, or 1248. In the case of a liquidation under section 332 to which section 367 (b) applies, the preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent the United States shareholder actually receives cash as part of the liquidation.
(4) Coordination with dividends received deduction 
No deduction shall be allowed under section 243 or 245 for any dividend for which a deduction is allowed under this section.
(5) Controlled groups 

(A) In general 
All United States shareholders which are members of an affiliated group filing a consolidated return under section 1501 shall be treated as one United States shareholder.
(B) Application of $500,000,000 limit 
All corporations which are treated as a single employer under section 52 (a) shall be limited to one $500,000,000 amount in subsection (b)(1)(A), and such amount shall be divided among such corporations under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(C) Permanently reinvested earnings 
If a financial statement is an applicable financial statement for more than 1 United States shareholder, the amount applicable under subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (b)(1) shall be divided among such shareholders under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(d) Denial of foreign tax credit; denial of certain expenses 

(1) Foreign tax credit 
No credit shall be allowed under section 901 for any taxes paid or accrued (or treated as paid or accrued) with respect to the deductible portion of
(A) any dividend, or
(B) any amount described in subsection (a)(2) which is included in income under section 951 (a)(1)(A).

No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for any tax for which credit is not allowable by reason of the preceding sentence.

(2) Expenses 
No deduction shall be allowed for expenses directly allocable to the deductible portion described in paragraph (1).
(3) Deductible portion 
For purposes of paragraph (1), unless the taxpayer otherwise specifies, the deductible portion of any dividend or other amount is the amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of such dividend or other amount as the amount allowed as a deduction under subsection (a) for the taxable year bears to the amount described in subsection (b)(2)(A) for such year.
(4) Coordination with section 78 
Section 78 shall not apply to any tax which is not allowable as a credit under section 901 by reason of this subsection.
(e) Increase in tax on included amounts not reduced by credits, etc. 

(1) In general 
Any tax under this chapter by reason of nondeductible CFC dividends shall not be treated as tax imposed by this chapter for purposes of determining
(A) the amount of any credit allowable under this chapter, or
(B) the amount of the tax imposed by section 55.

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the credit under section 53 or to the credit under section 27 (a) with respect to taxes which are imposed by foreign countries and possessions of the United States and are attributable to such dividends.

(2) Limitation on reduction in taxable income, etc. 

(A) In general 
The taxable income of any United States shareholder for any taxable year shall in no event be less than the amount of nondeductible CFC dividends received during such year.
(B) Coordination with section 172 
The nondeductible CFC dividends for any taxable year shall not be taken into account
(i) in determining under section 172 the amount of any net operating loss for such taxable year, and
(ii) in determining taxable income for such taxable year for purposes of the 2nd sentence of section 172 (b)(2).
(3) Nondeductible CFC dividends 
For purposes of this subsection, the term nondeductible CFC dividends means the excess of the amount of dividends taken into account under subsection (a) over the deduction allowed under subsection (a) for such dividends.
(f) Election 
The taxpayer may elect to apply this section to
(1) the taxpayers last taxable year which begins before the date of the enactment of this section, or
(2) the taxpayers first taxable year which begins during the 1-year period beginning on such date.

Such election may be made for a taxable year only if made on or before the due date (including extensions) for filing the return of tax for such taxable year.

Subpart G - Export Trade Corporations

26 USC 970 - Reduction of subpart F income of export trade corporations

(a) Export trade income constituting foreign base company income 

(1) In general 
In the case of a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957) which for the taxable year is an export trade corporation, the subpart F income (determined without regard to this subpart) of such corporation for such year shall be reduced by an amount equal to so much of the export trade income (as defined in section 971(b)) of such corporation for such year as constitutes foreign base company income (as defined in section 954), but only to the extent that such amount does not exceed whichever of the following amounts is the lesser:
(A) an amount equal to 11/2 times so much of the export promotion expenses (as defined in section 971(d)) of such corporation for such year as is probably allocable to the export trade income which constitutes foreign base company income of such corporation for such year, or
(B) an amount equal to 10 percent of so much of the gross receipts for such year (or, in the case of gross receipts arising from commissions, fees, or other compensation for its services, so much of the gross amount upon the basis of which such commissions, fees, or other compensation is computed) accruing to such export trade corporation from the sale, installation, operation, maintenance, or use of property in respect of which such corporation derives export trade income as is properly allocable to the export trade income which constitutes foreign base company income of such corporation for such year.

The allocations with respect to export trade income which constitutes foreign base company income under subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) Overall limitation 
The reduction under paragraph (1) for any taxable year shall not exceed an amount which bears the same ratio to the increase in the investments in export trade assets (as defined in section 971(c)) of such corporation for such year as the export trade income which constitutes foreign base company income of such corporation for such year bears to the entire export trade income of such corporation for such year.
(b) Inclusion of certain previously excluded amounts 
Each United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation which for any prior taxable year was an export trade corporation shall include in his gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(A)(ii), as an amount to which section 955 (relating to withdrawal of previously excluded subpart F income from qualified investment) applies, his pro rata share of the amount of decrease in the investments in export trade assets of such corporation for such year, but only to the extent that his pro rata share of such amount does not exceed an amount equal to
(1) his pro rata share of the sum of (A) the amounts by which the subpart F income of such corporation was reduced for all prior taxable years under subsection (a), and (B) the amounts not included in subpart F income (determined without regard to this subpart) for all prior taxable years by reason of the treatment (under section 972 as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976) of two or more controlled foreign corporations which are export trade corporations as a single controlled foreign corporation, reduced by
(2) the sum of the amounts which were included in his gross income under section 951 (a)(1)(A)(ii) under the provisions of this subsection for all prior taxable years.
(c) Investments in export trade assets 

(1) Amount of investments 
For purposes of this section, the amount taken into account with respect to any export trade asset shall be its adjusted basis, reduced by any liability to which the asset is subject.
(2) Increase in investments in export trade assets 
For purposes of subsection (a), the amount of increase in investments in export trade assets of any controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year is the amount by which
(A) the amount of such investments at the close of the taxable year, exceeds
(B) the amount of such investments at the close of the preceding taxable year.
(3) Decrease in investments in export trade assets 
For purposes of subsection (b), the amount of decrease in investments in export trade assets of any controlled foreign corporation for any taxable year is the amount by which
(A) the amount of such investments at the close of the preceding taxable year (reduced by an amount equal to the amount of net loss sustained during the taxable year with respect to export trade assets), exceeds
(B) the amount of such investments at the close of the taxable year.
(4) Special rule 
A United States shareholder of an export trade corporation may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, make the determinations under paragraphs (2) and (3) as of the close of the 75th day after the close of the years referred to in such paragraphs in lieu of on the last day of such years. A United States shareholder of an export trade corporation may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, make the determinations under paragraphs (2) and (3) with respect to export trade assets described in section 971(c)(3) as of the close of the years following the years referred to in such paragraphs, or as of the close of such longer period of time as such regulations may permit, in lieu of on the last day of such years and in lieu of on the day prescribed in the preceding sentence. Any election under this paragraph made with respect to any taxable year shall apply to such year and to all succeeding taxable years unless the Secretary consents to the revocation of such election.

26 USC 971 - Definitions

(a) Export trade corporations 
For purposes of this subpart, the term export trade corporation means
(1) In general 
A controlled foreign corporation (as defined in section 957) which satisfies the following conditions:
(A) 90 percent or more of the gross income of such corporation for the 3year period immediately preceding the close of the taxable year (or such part of such period subsequent to the effective date of this subpart during which the corporation was in existence) was derived from sources without the United States, and
(B) 75 percent or more of the gross income of such corporation for such period constituted gross income in respect of which such corporation derived export trade income.
(2) Special rule 
If 50 percent or more of the gross income of a controlled foreign corporation in the period specified in subsection (a)(1)(A) is gross income in respect of which such corporation derived export trade income in respect of agricultural products grown in the United States, it may qualify as an export trade corporation although it does not meet the requirements of subsection (a)(1)(B).
(3) Limitation 
No controlled foreign corporation may qualify as an export trade corporation for any taxable year beginning after October 31, 1971, unless it qualified as an export trade corporation for any taxable year beginning before such date. If a corporation fails to qualify as an export trade corporation for a period of any 3 consecutive taxable years beginning after such date, it may not qualify as an export trade corporation for any taxable year beginning after such period.
(b) Export trade income 
For the purposes of this subpart, the term export trade income means net income from
(1) the sale to an unrelated person for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States of export property (as defined in subsection (e)), or from commissions, fees, compensation, or other income from the performance of commercial, industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other services in respect to such sales or in respect of the installation or maintenance of such export property;
(2) commissions, fees, compensation, or other income from commercial, industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other services performed in connection with the use by an unrelated person outside the United States of patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, goodwill, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property acquired or developed and owned by the manufacturer, producer, grower, or extractor of export property in respect of which the export trade corporation earns export trade income under paragraph (1);
(3) commissions, fees, rentals, or other compensation or income attributable to the use of export property by an unrelated person or attributable to the use of export property in the rendition of technical, scientific, or engineering services to an unrelated person; and
(4) interest from export trade assets described in subsection (c)(4).

For purposes of paragraph (3), if a controlled foreign corporation receives income from an unrelated person attributable to the use of export property in the rendition of services to such unrelated person together with income attributable to the rendition of other services to such unrelated person, including personal services, the amount of such aggregate income which shall be considered to be attributable to the use of the export property shall (if such amount cannot be established by reference to transactions between unrelated persons) be that part of such aggregate income which the cost of the export property consumed in the rendition of such services (including a reasonable allowance for depreciation) bears to the total cost and expenses attributable to such aggregate income.

(c) Export trade assets 
For purposes of this subpart, the term export trade assets means
(1) working capital reasonably necessary for the production of export trade income,
(2) inventory of export property held for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States,
(3) facilities located outside the United States for the storage, handling, transportation, packaging, or servicing of export property, and
(4) evidences of indebtedness executed by persons, other than related persons, in connection with payment for purchases of export property for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States, or in connection with the payment for services described in subsections (b)(2) and (3).
(d) Export promotion expenses 
For purposes of this subpart, the term export promotion expenses means the following expenses paid or incurred in the receipt or production of export trade income
(1) a reasonable allowance for salaries or other compensation for personal services actually rendered for such purpose,
(2) rentals or other payments for the use of property actually used for such purpose,
(3) a reasonable allowance for the exhaustion, wear and tear, or obsolescence of property actually used for such purpose, and
(4) any other ordinary and necessary expenses of the corporation to the extent reasonably allocable to the receipt or production of export trade income.

No expense incurred within the United States shall be treated as an export promotion expense within the meaning of the preceding sentence, unless at least 90 percent of each category of expenses described in such sentence is incurred outside the United States.

(e) Export property 
For purposes of this subpart, the term export property means any property or any interest in property manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the United States.
(f) Unrelated person 
For purposes of this subpart, the term unrelated person means a person other than a related person as defined in section 954 (d)(3).

26 USC 972 - Repealed. Pub. L. 94455, title XIX, 1901(a)(120), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1784]

Section, Pub. L. 87–834, § 12(a), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1031, related to the consolidation of a group of export trade corporations for treatment as a single controlled foreign corporation for tax purposes.

[Subpart H - Repealed]

26 USC 981 - Repealed. Pub. L. 94455, title X, 1012(b)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1614]

Section, Pub. L. 89–809, title I, § 105(e)(1), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1565, related to income of certain nonresident United States citizens subject to foreign community property laws.

Subpart I - Admissibility of Documentation Maintained in Foreign Countries

26 USC 982 - Admissibility of documentation maintained in foreign countries

(a) General rule 
If the taxpayer fails to substantially comply with any formal document request arising out of the examination of the tax treatment of any item (hereinafter in this section referred to as the examined item) before the 90th day after the date of the mailing of such request on motion by the Secretary, any court having jurisdiction of a civil proceeding in which the tax treatment of the examined item is an issue shall prohibit the introduction by the taxpayer of any foreign-based documentation covered by such request.
(b) Reasonable cause exception 

(1) In general 
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to any documentation if the taxpayer establishes that the failure to provide the documentation as requested by the Secretary is due to reasonable cause.
(2) Foreign nondisclosure law not reasonable cause 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the fact that a foreign jurisdiction would impose a civil or criminal penalty on the taxpayer (or any other person) for disclosing the requested documentation is not reasonable cause.
(c) Formal document request 
For purposes of this section
(1) Formal document request 
The term formal document request means any request (made after the normal request procedures have failed to produce the requested documentation) for the production of foreign-based documentation which is mailed by registered or certified mail to the taxpayer at his last known address and which sets forth
(A) the time and place for the production of the documentation,
(B) a statement of the reason the documentation previously produced (if any) is not sufficient,
(C) a description of the documentation being sought, and
(D) the consequences to the taxpayer of the failure to produce the documentation described in subparagraph (C).
(2) Proceeding to quash 

(A) In general 
Notwithstanding any other law or rule of law, any person to whom a formal document request is mailed shall have the right to begin a proceeding to quash such request not later than the 90th day after the day such request was mailed. In any such proceeding, the Secretary may seek to compel compliance with such request.
(B) Jurisdiction 
The United States district court for the district in which the person (to whom the formal document request is mailed) resides or is found shall have jurisdiction to hear any proceeding brought under subparagraph (A). An order denying the petition shall be deemed a final order which may be appealed.
(C) Suspension of 90-day period 
The running of the 90-day period referred to in subsection (a) shall be suspended during any period during which a proceeding brought under subparagraph (A) is pending.
(d) Definitions and special rules 
For purposes of this section
(1) Foreign-based documentation 
The term foreign-based documentation means any documentation which is outside the United States and which may be relevant or material to the tax treatment of the examined item.
(2) Documentation 
The term documentation includes books and records.
(3) Authority to extend 90-day period 
The Secretary, and any court having jurisdiction over a proceeding under subsection (c)(2), may extend the 90-day period referred to in subsection (a).
(e) Suspension of statute of limitations 
If any person takes any action as provided in subsection (c)(2), the running of any period of limitations under section 6501 (relating to the assessment and collection of tax) or under section 6531 (relating to criminal prosecutions) with respect to such person shall be suspended for the period during which the proceeding under such subsection, and appeals therein, are pending.

Subpart J - Foreign Currency Transactions

26 USC 985 - Functional currency

(a) In general 
Unless otherwise provided in regulations, all determinations under this subtitle shall be made in the taxpayers functional currency.
(b) Functional currency 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this subtitle, the term functional currency means
(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), the dollar, or
(B) in the case of a qualified business unit, the currency of the economic environment in which a significant part of such units activities are conducted and which is used by such unit in keeping its books and records.
(2) Functional currency where activities primarily conducted in dollars 
The functional currency of any qualified business unit shall be the dollar if activities of such unit are primarily conducted in dollars.
(3) Election 
To the extent provided in regulations, the taxpayer may elect to use the dollar as the functional currency for any qualified business unit if
(A) such unit keeps its books and records in dollars, or
(B) the taxpayer uses a method of accounting that approximates a separate transactions method.

Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.

(4) Change in functional currency treated as a change in method of accounting 
Any change in the functional currency shall be treated as a change in the taxpayers method of accounting for purposes of section 481 under procedures to be established by the Secretary.

26 USC 986 - Determination of foreign taxes and foreign corporations earnings and profits

(a) Foreign income taxes 

(1) Translation of accrued taxes 

(A) In general 
For purposes of determining the amount of the foreign tax credit, in the case of a taxpayer who takes foreign income taxes into account when accrued, the amount of any foreign income taxes (and any adjustment thereto) shall be translated into dollars by using the average exchange rate for the taxable year to which such taxes relate.
(B) Exception for certain taxes 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any foreign income taxes
(i) paid after the date 2 years after the close of the taxable year to which such taxes relate, or
(ii) paid before the beginning of the taxable year to which such taxes relate.
(C) Exception for inflationary currencies 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any foreign income taxes the liability for which is denominated in any inflationary currency (as determined under regulations).
(D) Elective exception for taxes paid other than in functional currency 

(i) In general At the election of the taxpayer, subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any foreign income taxes the liability for which is denominated in any currency other than in the taxpayers functional currency.
(ii) Application to qualified business units An election under this subparagraph may apply to foreign income taxes attributable to a qualified business unit in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(iii) Election Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(E) Special rule for regulated investment companies 
In the case of a regulated investment company which takes into account income on an accrual basis, subparagraphs (A) through (D) shall not apply and foreign income taxes paid or accrued with respect to such income shall be translated into dollars using the exchange rate as of the date the income accrues.
(F) Cross reference 
For adjustments where tax is not paid within 2 years, see section 905 (c).
(2) Translation of taxes to which paragraph (1) does not apply 
For purposes of determining the amount of the foreign tax credit, in the case of any foreign income taxes to which subparagraph (A) or (E) of paragraph (1) does not apply
(A) such taxes shall be translated into dollars using the exchange rates as of the time such taxes were paid to the foreign country or possession of the United States, and
(B) any adjustment to the amount of such taxes shall be translated into dollars using
(i) except as provided in clause (ii), the exchange rate as of the time when such adjustment is paid to the foreign country or possession, or
(ii) in the case of any refund or credit of foreign income taxes, using the exchange rate as of the time of the original payment of such foreign income taxes.
(3) Authority to permit use of average rates 
To the extent prescribed in regulations, the average exchange rate for the period (specified in such regulations) during which the taxes or adjustment is paid may be used instead of the exchange rate as of the time of such payment.
(4) Foreign income taxes 
For purposes of this subsection, the term foreign income taxes means any income, war profits, or excess profits taxes paid or accrued to any foreign country or to any possession of the United States.
(b) Earnings and profits and distributions 
For purposes of determining the tax under this subtitle
(1) of any shareholder of any foreign corporation, the earnings and profits of such corporation shall be determined in the corporations functional currency, and
(2) in the case of any United States person, the earnings and profits determined under paragraph (1) (when distributed, deemed distributed, or otherwise taken into account under this subtitle) shall (if necessary) be translated into dollars using the appropriate exchange rate.
(c) Previously taxed earnings and profits 

(1) In general 
Foreign currency gain or loss with respect to distributions of previously taxed earnings and profits (as described in section 959 or 1293 (c)) attributable to movements in exchange rates between the times of deemed and actual distribution shall be recognized and treated as ordinary income or loss from the same source as the associated income inclusion.
(2) Distributions through tiers 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations with respect to the treatment of distributions of previously taxed earnings and profits through tiers of foreign corporations.

26 USC 987 - Branch transactions

In the case of any taxpayer having 1 or more qualified business units with a functional currency other than the dollar, taxable income of such taxpayer shall be determined
(1) by computing the taxable income or loss separately for each such unit in its functional currency,
(2) by translating the income or loss separately computed under paragraph (1) at the appropriate exchange rate, and
(3) by making proper adjustments (as prescribed by the Secretary) for transfers of property between qualified business units of the taxpayer having different functional currencies, including
(A) treating post-1986 remittances from each such unit as made on a pro rata basis out of post-1986 accumulated earnings, and
(B) treating gain or loss determined under this paragraph as ordinary income or loss, respectively, and sourcing such gain or loss by reference to the source of the income giving rise to post-1986 accumulated earnings.

26 USC 988 - Treatment of certain foreign currency transactions

(a) General rule 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter
(1) Treatment as ordinary income or loss 

(A) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, any foreign currency gain or loss attributable to a section 988 transaction shall be computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss (as the case may be).
(B) Special rule for forward contracts, etc. 
Except as provided in regulations, a taxpayer may elect to treat any foreign currency gain or loss attributable to a forward contract, a futures contract, or option described in subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii) which is a capital asset in the hands of the taxpayer and which is not a part of a straddle (within the meaning of section 1092 (c), without regard to paragraph (4) thereof) as capital gain or loss (as the case may be) if the taxpayer makes such election and identifies such transaction before the close of the day on which such transaction is entered into (or such earlier time as the Secretary may prescribe).
(2) Gain or loss treated as interest for certain purposes 
To the extent provided in regulations, any amount treated as ordinary income or loss under paragraph (1) shall be treated as interest income or expense (as the case may be).
(3) Source 

(A) In general 
Except as otherwise provided in regulations, in the case of any amount treated as ordinary income or loss under paragraph (1) (without regard to paragraph (1)(B)), the source of such amount shall be determined by reference to the residence of the taxpayer or the qualified business unit of the taxpayer on whose books the asset, liability, or item of income or expense is properly reflected.
(B) Residence 
For purposes of this subpart
(i) In general The residence of any person shall be
(I) in the case of an individual, the country in which such individuals tax home (as defined in section 911 (d)(3)) is located,
(II) in the case of any corporation, partnership, trust, or estate which is a United States person (as defined in section 7701 (a)(30)), the United States, and
(III) in the case of any corporation, partnership, trust, or estate which is not a United States person, a country other than the United States.

If an individual does not have a tax home (as so defined), the residence of such individual shall be the United States if such individual is a United States citizen or a resident alien and shall be a country other than the United States if such individual is not a United States citizen or a resident alien.

(ii) Exception In the case of a qualified business unit of any taxpayer (including an individual), the residence of such unit shall be the country in which the principal place of business of such qualified business unit is located.
(iii) Special rule for partnerships To the extent provided in regulations, in the case of a partnership, the determination of residence shall be made at the partner level.
(C) Special rule for certain related party loans 
Except to the extent provided in regulations, in the case of a loan by a United States person or a related person to a 10-percent owned foreign corporation which is denominated in a currency other than the dollar and bears interest at a rate at least 10 percentage points higher than the Federal mid-term rate (determined under section 1274 (d)) at the time such loan is entered into, the following rules shall apply:
(i) For purposes of section 904 only, such loan shall be marked to market on an annual basis.
(ii) Any interest income earned with respect to such loan for the taxable year shall be treated as income from sources within the United States to the extent of any loss attributable to clause (i).

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term related person has the meaning given such term by section 954 (d)(3), except that such section shall be applied by substituting United States person for controlled foreign corporation each place such term appears.

(D) 10-percent owned foreign corporation 
The term 10-percent owned foreign corporation means any foreign corporation in which the United States person owns directly or indirectly at least 10 percent of the voting stock.
(b) Foreign currency gain or loss 
For purposes of this section
(1) Foreign currency gain 
The term foreign currency gain means any gain from a section 988 transaction to the extent such gain does not exceed gain realized by reason of changes in exchange rates on or after the booking date and before the payment date.
(2) Foreign currency loss 
The term foreign currency loss means any loss from a section 988 transaction to the extent such loss does not exceed the loss realized by reason of changes in exchange rates on or after the booking date and before the payment date.
(3) Special rule for certain contracts, etc. 
In the case of any section 988 transaction described in subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii), any gain or loss from such transaction shall be treated as foreign currency gain or loss (as the case may be).
(c) Other definitions 
For purposes of this section
(1) Section 988 transaction 

(A) In general 
The term section 988 transaction means any transaction described in subparagraph (B) if the amount which the taxpayer is entitled to receive (or is required to pay) by reason of such transaction
(i) is denominated in terms of a nonfunctional currency, or
(ii) is determined by reference to the value of 1 or more nonfunctional currencies.
(B) Description of transactions 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the following transactions are described in this subparagraph:
(i) The acquisition of a debt instrument or becoming the obligor under a debt instrument.
(ii) Accruing (or otherwise taking into account) for purposes of this subtitle any item of expense or gross income or receipts which is to be paid or received after the date on which so accrued or taken into account.
(iii) Entering into or acquiring any forward contract, futures contract, option, or similar financial instrument.

The Secretary may prescribe regulations excluding from the application of clause (ii) any class of items the taking into account of which is not necessary to carry out the purposes of this section by reason of the small amounts or short periods involved, or otherwise.

(C) Special rules for disposition of nonfunctional currency 

(i) In general In the case of any disposition of any nonfunctional currency
(I) such disposition shall be treated as a section 988 transaction, and
(II) any gain or loss from such transaction shall be treated as foreign currency gain or loss (as the case may be).
(ii) Nonfunctional currency For purposes of this section, the term nonfunctional currency includes coin or currency, and nonfunctional currency denominated demand or time deposits or similar instruments issued by a bank or other financial institution.
(D) Exception for certain instruments marked to market 

(i) In general Clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) shall not apply to any regulated futures contract or nonequity option which would be marked to market under section 1256 if held on the last day of the taxable year.
(ii) Election out
(I) In general The taxpayer may elect to have clause (i) not apply to such taxpayer. Such an election shall apply to contracts held at any time during the taxable year for which such election is made or any succeeding taxable year unless such election is revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(II) Time for making election Except as provided in regulations, an election under subclause (I) for any taxable year shall be made on or before the 1st day of such taxable year (or, if later, on or before the 1st day during such year on which the taxpayer holds a contract described in clause (i)).
(III) Special rule for partnerships, etc. In the case of a partnership, an election under subclause (I) shall be made by each partner separately. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation.
(iii) Treatment of certain partnerships This subparagraph shall not apply to any income or loss of a partnership for any taxable year if such partnership made an election under subparagraph (E)(iii)(V) for such year or any preceding year.
(E) Special rules for certain funds 

(i) In general In the case of a qualified fund, clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) shall not apply to any instrument which would be marked to market under section 1256 if held on the last day of the taxable year (determined after the application of clause (iv)).
(ii) Special rule where electing partnership does not qualify If any partnership made an election under clause (iii)(V) for any taxable year and such partnership has a net loss for such year or any succeeding year from instruments referred to in clause (i), the rules of clauses (i) and (iv) shall apply to any such loss year whether or not such partnership is a qualified fund for such year.
(iii) Qualified fund defined For purposes of this subparagraph, the term qualified fund means any partnership if
(I) at all times during the taxable year (and during each preceding taxable year to which an election under subclause (V) applied), such partnership has at least 20 partners and no single partner owns more than 20 percent of the interests in the capital or profits of the partnership,
(II) the principal activity of such partnership for such taxable year (and each such preceding taxable year) consists of buying and selling options, futures, or forwards with respect to commodities,
(III) at least 90 percent of the gross income of the partnership for the taxable year (and for each such preceding taxable year) consisted of income or gains described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (G) of section 7704 (d)(1) or gain from the sale or disposition of capital assets held for the production of interest or dividends,
(IV) no more than a de minimis amount of the gross income of the partnership for the taxable year (and each such preceding taxable year) was derived from buying and selling commodities, and
(V) an election under this subclause applies to the taxable year.

An election under subclause (V) for any taxable year shall be made on or before the 1st day of such taxable year (or, if later, on or before the 1st day during such year on which the partnership holds an instrument referred to in clause (i)). Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all succeeding taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.

(iv) Treatment of certain currency contracts
(I) In general Except as provided in regulations, in the case of a qualified fund, any bank forward contract, any foreign currency futures contract traded on a foreign exchange, or to the extent provided in regulations any similar instrument, which is not otherwise a section 1256 contract shall be treated as a section 1256 contract for purposes of section 1256.
(II) Gains and losses treated as short-term In the case of any instrument treated as a section 1256 contract under subclause (I), subparagraph (A) of section 1256 (a)(3) shall be applied by substituting 100 percent for 40 percent (and subparagraph (B) of such section shall not apply).
(v) Special rules for clause (iii)(I)
(I) Certain general partners The interest of a general partner in the partnership shall not be treated as failing to meet the 20-percent ownership requirements of clause (iii)(I) for any taxable year of the partnership if, for the taxable year of the partner in which such partnership taxable year ends, such partner (and each corporation filing a consolidated return with such partner) had no ordinary income or loss from a section 988 transaction which is foreign currency gain or loss (as the case may be).
(II) Treatment of incentive compensation For purposes of clause (iii)(I), any income allocable to a general partner as incentive compensation based on profits rather than capital shall not be taken into account in determining such partners interest in the profits of the partnership.
(III) Treatment of tax-exempt partners Except as provided in regulations, the interest of a partner in the partnership shall not be treated as failing to meet the 20-percent ownership requirements of clause (iii)(I) if none of the income of such partner from such partnership is subject to tax under this chapter (whether directly or through 1 or more pass-thru entities).
(IV) Look-thru rule In determining whether the requirements of clause (iii)(I) are met with respect to any partnership, except to the extent provided in regulations, any interest in such partnership held by another partnership shall be treated as held proportionately by the partners in such other partnership.
(vi) Other special rules For purposes of this subparagraph
(I) Related persons Interests in the partnership held by persons related to each other (within the meaning of sections 267 (b) and 707 (b)) shall be treated as held by 1 person.
(II) Predecessors References to any partnership shall include a reference to any predecessor thereof.
(III) Inadvertent terminations Rules similar to the rules of section 7704 (e) shall apply.
(IV) Treatment of certain debt instruments For purposes of clause (iii)(IV), any debt instrument which is a section 988 transaction shall be treated as a commodity.
(2) Booking date 
The term booking date means
(A) in the case of a transaction described in paragraph (1)(B)(i), the date of acquisition or on which the taxpayer becomes the obligor, or
(B) in the case of a transaction described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii), the date on which accrued or otherwise taken into account.
(3) Payment date 
The term payment date means the date on which the payment is made or received.
(4) Debt instrument 
The term debt instrument means a bond, debenture, note, or certificate or other evidence of indebtedness. To the extent provided in regulations, such term shall include preferred stock.
(5) Special rules where taxpayer takes or makes ­delivery 
If the taxpayer takes or makes delivery in connection with any section 988 transaction described in paragraph (1)(B)(iii), any gain or loss (determined as if the taxpayer sold the contract, option, or instrument on the date on which he took or made delivery for its fair market value on such date) shall be recognized in the same manner as if such contract, option, or instrument were so sold.
(d) Treatment of 988 hedging transactions 

(1) In general 
To the extent provided in regulations, if any section 988 transaction is part of a 988 hedging transaction, all transactions which are part of such 988 hedging transaction shall be integrated and treated as a single transaction or otherwise treated consistently for purposes of this subtitle. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the determination of whether any transaction is a section 988 transaction shall be determined without regard to whether such transaction would otherwise be marked-to-market under section 475 or 1256 and such term shall not include any transaction with respect to which an election is made under subsection (a)(1)(B). Sections 475, 1092, and 1256 shall not apply to a transaction covered by this subsection.
(2) 988 hedging transaction 
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 988 hedging transaction means any transaction
(A) entered into by the taxpayer primarily
(i) to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to property which is held or to be held by the taxpayer, or
(ii) to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or obligations incurred or to be incurred, by the taxpayer, and
(B) identified by the Secretary or the taxpayer as being a 988 hedging transaction.
(e) Application to individuals 

(1) In general 
The preceding provisions of this section shall not apply to any section 988 transaction entered into by an individual which is a personal transaction.
(2) Exclusion for certain personal transactions 
If
(A) nonfunctional currency is disposed of by an individual in any transaction, and
(B) such transaction is a personal transaction,

no gain shall be recognized for purposes of this subtitle by reason of changes in exchange rates after such currency was acquired by such individual and before such disposition. The preceding sentence shall not apply if the gain which would otherwise be recognized on the transaction exceeds $200.

(3) Personal transactions 
For purposes of this subsection, the term personal transaction means any transaction entered into by an individual, except that such term shall not include any transaction to the extent that expenses properly allocable to such transaction meet the requirements of
(A) section 162 (other than traveling expenses described in subsection (a)(2) thereof), or
(B) section 212 (other than that part of section 212 dealing with expenses incurred in connection with taxes).

26 USC 989 - Other definitions and special rules

(a) Qualified business unit 
For purposes of this subpart, the term qualified business unit means any separate and clearly identified unit of a trade or business of a taxpayer which maintains separate books and records.
(b) Appropriate exchange rate 
Except as provided in regulations, for purposes of this subpart, the term appropriate exchange rate means
(1) in the case of an actual distribution of earnings and profits, the spot rate on the date such distribution is included in income,
(2) in the case of an actual or deemed sale or exchange of stock in a foreign corporation treated as a dividend under section 1248, the spot rate on the date the deemed dividend is included in income,
(3) in the case of any amounts included in income under section 951 (a)(1)(A) or 1293 (a), the average exchange rate for the taxable year of the foreign corporation, or
(4) in the case of any other qualified business unit of a taxpayer, the average exchange rate for the taxable year of such qualified business unit.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, any amount included in income under section 951 (a)(1)(B) shall be treated as an actual distribution made on the last day of the taxable year for which such amount was so included.

(c) Regulations 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subpart, including regulations
(1) setting forth procedures to be followed by taxpayers with qualified business units using a net worth method of accounting before the enactment of this subpart,
(2) limiting the recognition of foreign currency loss on certain remittances from qualified business units,
(3) providing for the recharacterization of interest and principal payments with respect to obligations denominated in certain hyperinflationary currencies,
(4) providing for alternative adjustments to the application of section 905 (c),
(5) providing for the appropriate treatment of related party transactions (including transactions between qualified business units of the same taxpayer), and
(6) setting forth procedures for determining the average exchange rate for any period.

TITLE 26 - US CODE - PART IV - DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SALES CORPORATIONS

Subpart A - Treatment of Qualifying Corporations

26 USC 991 - Taxation of a domestic international sales corporation

For purposes of the taxes imposed by this subtitle upon a DISC (as defined in section 992 (a)), a DISC shall not be subject to the taxes imposed by this subtitle.

26 USC 992 - Requirements of a domestic international sales corporation

(a) Definition of “DISC” and “former DISC” 

(1) DISC 
For purposes of this title, the term DISC means, with respect to any taxable year, a corporation which is incorporated under the laws of any State and satisfies the following conditions for the taxable year:
(A) 95 percent or more of the gross receipts (as defined in section 993(f)) of such corporation consist of qualified export receipts (as defined in section 993 (a)),
(B) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets (as defined in section 993(b)) of the corporation at the close of the taxable year equals or exceeds 95 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets of the corporation at the close of the taxable year,
(C) such corporation does not have more than one class of stock and the par or stated value of its outstanding stock is at least $2,500 on each day of the taxable year, and
(D) the corporation has made an election pursuant to subsection (b) to be treated as a DISC and such election is in effect for the taxable year.
(2) Status as DISC after having filed a return as a DISC 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth the conditions under and the extent to which a corporation which has filed a return as a DISC for a taxable year shall be treated as a DISC for such taxable year for all purposes of this title, notwithstanding the fact that the corporation has failed to satisfy the conditions of paragraph (1).
(3) “Former DISC” 
For purposes of this title, the term former DISC means, with respect to any taxable year, a corporation which is not a DISC for such year but was a DISC in a preceding taxable year and at the beginning of the taxable year has undistributed previously taxed income or accumulated DISC income.
(b) Election 

(1) Election 

(A) An election by a corporation to be treated as a DISC shall be made by such corporation for a taxable year at any time during the 90day period immediately preceding the beginning of the taxable year, except that the Secretary may give his consent to the making of an election at such other times as he may designate.
(B) Such election shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe and shall be valid only if all persons who are shareholders in such corporation on the first day of the first taxable year for which such election is effective consent to such election.
(2) Effect of election 
If a corporation makes an election under paragraph (1), then the provisions of this part shall apply to such corporation for the taxable year of the corporation for which made and for all succeeding taxable years and shall apply to each person who at any time is a shareholder of such corporation for all periods on or after the first day of the first taxable year of the corporation for which the election is effective.
(3) Termination of election 

(A) Revocation 
An election under this subsection made by any corporation may be terminated by revocation of such election for any taxable year of the corporation after the first taxable year of the corporation for which the election is effective. A termination under this paragraph shall be effective with respect to such election
(i) for the taxable year in which made, if made at any time during the first 90 days of such taxable year, or
(ii) for the taxable year following the taxable year in which made, if made after the close of such 90 days,

and for all succeeding taxable years of the corporation. Such termination shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulations.

(B) Continued failure to be DISC 
If a corporation is not a DISC for each of any 5 consecutive taxable years of the corporation for which an election under this subsection is effective, the election shall be terminated and not be in effect for any taxable year of the corporation after such 5th year.
(c) Distributions to meet qualification requirements 

(1) In general 
Subject to the conditions provided by paragraph (2), a corporation which for a taxable year does not satisfy a condition specified in paragraph (1)(A) (relating to gross receipts) or (1)(B) (relating to assets) of subsection (a) shall nevertheless be deemed to satisfy such condition for such year if it makes a pro rata distribution of property after the close of the taxable year to its shareholders (designated at the time of such distribution as a distribution to meet qualification requirements) with respect to their stock in an amount which is equal to
(A) if the condition of subsection (a)(1)(A) is not satisfied, the portion of such corporations taxable income attributable to its gross receipts which are not qualified export receipts for such year,
(B) if the condition of subsection (a)(1)(B) is not satisfied, the fair market value of those assets which are not qualified export assets on the last day of such taxable year, or
(C) if neither of such conditions is satisfied, the sum of the amounts required by subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(2) Reasonable cause for failure 
The conditions under paragraph (1) shall be deemed satisfied in the case of a distribution made under such paragraph
(A) if the failure to meet the requirements of subsection (a)(1)(A) or (B), and the failure to make such distribution prior to the date on which made, are due to reasonable cause; and
(B) the corporation pays, within the 30day period beginning with the day on which such distribution is made, to the Secretary, if such corporation makes such distribution after the 15th day of the 9th months after the close of the taxable year, an amount determined by multiplying
(i)  the amount equal to 41/2 percent of such distribution, by
(ii)  the number of its taxable years which begin after the taxable year with respect to which such distribution is made and before such distribution is made. For purposes of this title, any payment made pursuant to this paragraph shall be treated as interest.
(3) Certain distributions made within 81/2 months after close of taxable year deemed for reasonable cause 
A distribution made on or before the 15th day of the 9th month after the close of the taxable year shall be deemed for reasonable cause for purposes of paragraph (2)(A) if
(A) at least 70 percent of the gross receipts of such corporation for such taxable year consist of qualified export receipts, and
(B) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets held by the corporation on the last day of each month of the taxable year equals or exceeds 70 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets held by the corporation on such day.
(d) Ineligible corporations 
The following corporations shall not be eligible to be treated as a DISC
(1) a corporation exempt from tax by reason of section 501,
(2) a personal holding company (as defined in section 542),
(3) a financial institution to which section 581 applies,
(4) an insurance company subject to the tax imposed by subchapter L,
(5) a regulated investment company (as defined in section 851 (a)),
(6) a China Trade Act corporation receiving the special deduction provided in section 941 (a),1 or
(7) an S corporation.
(e) Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents 
If
(1) a corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as subsidiary) was established to take advantage of the provisions of this part, and
(2) a second corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as parent) throughout the taxable year owns directly at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary,

then, for purposes of applying subsection (d)(2) and section 541 (relating to personal holding company tax) to the subsidiary for the taxable year, there shall be taken into account under section 543 (a)(5) (relating to produced film rents) any interest in a film acquired by the parent and transferred to the subsidiary as if such interest were acquired by the subsidiary at the time it was acquired by the parent.

[1] See References in Text note below.

26 USC 993 - Definitions

(a) Qualified export receipts 

(1) General rule 
For purposes of this part, except as provided by regulations under paragraph (2), the qualified export receipts of a corporation are
(A) gross receipts from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of export property,
(B) gross receipts from the lease or rental of export property, which is used by the lessee of such property outside the United States,
(C) gross receipts for services which are related and subsidiary to any qualified sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition of export property by such corporation,
(D) gross receipts from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of qualified export assets (other than export property),
(E) dividends (or amounts includible in gross income under section 951) with respect to stock of a related foreign export corporation (as defined in subsection (e)),
(F) interest on any obligation which is a qualified export asset,
(G) gross receipts for engineering or architectural services for construction projects located (or proposed for location) outside the United States, and
(H) gross receipts for the performance of managerial services in furtherance of the production of other qualified export receipts of a DISC.
(2) Excluded receipts 
The Secretary may under regulations designate receipts from the sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition of export property, and from services, as not being receipts described in paragraph (1) if he determines that such sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition, or furnishing of services
(A) is for ultimate use in the United States;
(B) is accomplished by a subsidy granted by the United States or any instrumentality thereof;
(C) is for use by the United States or any instrumentality thereof where the use of such export property or services is required by law or regulation.

For purposes of this part, the term qualified export receipts does not include receipts from a corporation which is a DISC for its taxable year in which the receipts arise and which is a member of a controlled group (as defined in paragraph (3)) which includes the recipient corporation.

(3) Definition of controlled group 
For purposes of this part, the term controlled group has the meaning assigned to the term controlled group of corporations by section 1563 (a), except that the phrase more than 50 percent shall be substituted for the phrase at least 80 percent each place it appears therein, and section 1563 (b) shall not apply.
(b) Qualified export assets 
For purposes of this part, the qualified export assets of a corporation are
(1) export property (as defined in subsection (c));
(2) assets used primarily in connection with the sale, lease, rental, storage, handling, transportation, packaging, assembly, or servicing of export property, or the performance of engineering or architectural services described in subparagraph (G) of subsection (a)(1) or managerial services in furtherance of the production of qualified export receipts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (G) of subsection (a)(1);
(3) accounts receivable and evidences of indebtedness which arise by reason of transactions of such corporation or of another corporation which is a DISC and which is a member of a controlled group which includes such corporation described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (G), or (H), of subsection (a)(1);
(4) money, bank deposits, and other similar temporary investments, which are reasonably necessary to meet the working capital requirements of such corporation;
(5) obligations arising in connection with a producers loan (as defined in subsection (d));
(6) stock or securities of a related foreign export corporation (as defined in subsection (e));
(7) obligations issued, guaranteed, or insured, in whole or in part, by the Export-Import Bank of the United States or the Foreign Credit Insurance Association in those cases where such obligations are acquired from such Bank or Association or from the seller or purchaser of the goods or services with respect to which such obligations arose;
(8) obligations issued by a domestic corporation organized solely for the purpose of financing sales of export property pursuant to an agreement with the Export-Import Bank of the United States under which such corporation makes export loans guaranteed by such bank; and
(9) amounts (other than reasonable working capital) on deposit in the United States that are utilized during the period provided for in, and otherwise in accordance with, regulations prescribed by the Secretary to acquire other qualified export assets.
(c) Export property 

(1) In general 
For purposes of this part, the term export property means property
(A) manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the United States by a person other than a DISC,
(B) held primarily for sale, lease, or rental, in the ordinary course of trade or business, by, or to, a DISC, for direct use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States, and
(C) not more than 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to articles imported into the United States.

In applying subparagraph (C), the fair market value of any article imported into the United States shall be its appraised value as determined by the Secretary under section 402 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1401a) in connection with its importation.

(2) Excluded property 
For purposes of this part, the term export property does not include
(A) property leased or rented by a DISC for use by any member of a controlled group (as defined in subsection (a)(3)) which includes the DISC,
(B) patents, inventions, models, designs, formulas, or processes, whether or not patented, copyrights (other than films, tapes, records, or similar reproductions, for commercial or home use), goodwill, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, or other like property,
(C) products of a character with respect to which a deduction for depletion is allowable (including oil, gas, coal, or uranium products) under section 613 or 613A,
(D) products the export of which is prohibited or curtailed under section 7(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 to effectuate the policy set forth in paragraph (2)(C) of section 3 of such Act (relating to the protection of the domestic economy), or
(E) any unprocessed timber which is a softwood.

Subparagraph (C) shall not apply to any commodity or product at least 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to manufacturing or processing, except that subparagraph (C) shall apply to any primary product from oil, gas, coal, or uranium. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term processing does not include extracting or handling, packing, packaging, grading, storing, or transporting. For purposes of subparagraph (E), the term unprocessed timber means any log, cant, or similar form of timber.

(3) Property in short supply 
If the President determines that the supply of any property described in paragraph (1) is insufficient to meet the requirements of the domestic economy, he may by Executive order designate the property as in short supply. Any property so designated shall be treated as property not described in paragraph (1) during the period beginning with the date specified in the Executive order and ending with the date specified in an Executive order setting forth the Presidents determination that the property is no longer in short supply.
(d) Producer’s loans 

(1) In general 
An obligation, subject to the rules provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), shall be treated as arising out of a producers loan if
(A) the loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producers loans made by the DISC, does not exceed the accumulated DISC income at the beginning of the month in which the loan is made;
(B) the obligation is evidenced by a note (or other evidence of indebtedness) with a stated maturity date not more than 5 years from the date of the loan;
(C) the loan is made to a person engaged in the United States in the manufacturing, production, growing, or extraction of export property determined without regard to subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (c)(2), (referred to hereinafter as the borrower); and
(D) at the time of such loan it is designated as a producers loan.
(2) Limitation 
An obligation shall be treated as arising out of a producers loan only to the extent that such loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producers loans to the borrower outstanding at the time such loan is made, does not exceed an amount determined by multiplying the sum of
(A) the amount of the borrowers adjusted basis determined at the beginning of the borrowers taxable year in which the loan is made, in plant, machinery, and equipment, and supporting production facilities in the United States;
(B) the amount of the borrowers property held primarily for sale, lease, or rental, to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business, at the beginning of such taxable year; and
(C) the aggregate amount of the borrowers research and experimental expenditures (within the meaning of section 174) in the United States during all preceding taxable years beginning after December 31, 1971,

by the percentage which the borrowers receipts, during the 3 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year (but not including any taxable year commencing prior to 1972) in which the loan is made, from the sale, lease, or rental outside the United States of property which would be export property (determined without regard to subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (c)(2)) if held by a DISC is of the gross receipts during such 3 taxable years from the sale, lease, or rental of property held by such borrower primarily for sale, lease, or rental to customers in the ordinary course of the trade or business of such borrower.

(3) Increased investment requirement 
An obligation shall be treated as arising out of a producers loan in a taxable year only to the extent that such loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producers loans to the borrower made during such taxable year, does not exceed an amount equal to
(A) the amount by which the sum of the adjusted basis of assets described in paragraph (2)(A) and (B) on the last day of the taxable year in which the loan is made exceeds the sum of the adjusted basis of such assets on the first day of such taxable year; plus
(B) the aggregate amount of the borrowers research and experimental expenditures (within the meaning of section 174) in the United States during such taxable year.
(4) Special limitation in the case of domestic film maker 

(A) In general 
In the case of a borrower who is a domestic film maker and who incurs an obligation to a DISC for the making of a film, and such DISC is engaged in the trade or business of selling, leasing, or renting films which are export property, the limitation described in paragraph (2) may be determined (to the extent provided under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) on the basis of
(i) the sum of the amounts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) thereof plus reasonable estimates of all such amounts to be incurred at any time by the borrower with respect to films which are commenced within the taxable year in which the loan is made, and
(ii) the percentage which, based on the experience of producers of similar films, the annual receipts of such producers from the sale, lease, or rental of such films outside the United States is of the annual gross receipts of such producers from the sale, lease, or rental of such films.
(B) Domestic film maker 
For purposes of this paragraph, a borrower is a domestic film maker with respect to a film if
(i) such borrower is a United States person within the meaning of section 7701 (a)(30), except that with respect to a partnership, all of the partners must be United States persons, and with respect to a corporation, all of its officers and at least a majority of its directors must be United States persons;
(ii) such borrower is engaged in the trade or business of making the film with respect to which the loan is made;
(iii) the studio, if any, used or to be used for the taking of photographs and the recording of sound incorporated into such film is located in the United States;
(iv) the aggregate playing time of portions of such film photographed outside the United States does not or will not exceed 20 percent of the playing time of such film; and
(v) not less than 80 percent of the total amount paid or to be paid for services performed in the making of such film is paid or to be paid to persons who are United States persons at the time such services are performed or consists of amounts which are fully taxable by the United States.
(C) Special rules for application of subparagraph (B)(v) 
For purposes of clause (v) of subparagraph (B)
(i) there shall not be taken into account any amount which is contingent upon receipts or profits of the film and which is fully taxable by the United States (within the meaning of clause (ii)); and
(ii) any amount paid or to be paid to a United States person, to a non-resident alien individual, or to a corporation which furnishes the services of an officer or employee to the borrower with respect to the making of a film, shall be treated as fully taxable by the United States only if the total amount received by such person, individual, officer, or employee for services performed in the making of such film is fully included in gross income for purposes of this chapter.
(e) Related foreign export corporation 
In determining whether a corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the domestic corporation) is a DISC
(1) Foreign international sales corporation 
A foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if
(A) stock possessing more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote is owned directly by the domestic corporation,
(B) 95 percent or more of such foreign corporations gross receipts for its taxable year ending with or within the taxable year of the domestic corporation consists of qualified export receipts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (a)(1) and interest on any obligation described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (b), and
(C) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets (described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b)) held by such foreign corporation at the close of such taxable year equals or exceeds 95 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets held by it at the close of such taxable year.
(2) Real property holding company 
A foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if
(A) stock possessing more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote is owned directly by the domestic corporation, and
(B) its exclusive function is to hold real property for the exclusive use (under a lease or otherwise) of the domestic corporation.
(3) Associated foreign corporation 
A foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if
(A) less than 10 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such foreign corporation is owned (within the meaning of section 1563 (d) and (e)) by the domestic corporation or by a controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1563) of which the domestic corporation is a member, and
(B) the ownership of stock or securities in such foreign corporation by the domestic corporation is determined (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to be reasonably in furtherance of a transaction or transactions giving rise to qualified export receipts of the domestic corporation.
(f) Gross receipts 
For purposes of this part, the term gross receipts means the total receipts from the sale, lease, or rental of property held primarily for sale, lease, or rental in the ordinary course of trade or business, and gross income from all other sources. In the case of commissions on the sale, lease, or rental of property, the amount taken into account for purposes of this part as gross receipts shall be the gross receipts on the sale, lease, or rental of the property on which such commissions arose.
(g) United States defined 
For purposes of this part, the term United States includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the possessions of the United States.

26 USC 994 - Inter-company pricing rules

(a) In general 
In the case of a sale of export property to a DISC by a person described in section 482, the taxable income of such DISC and such person shall be based upon a transfer price which would allow such DISC to derive taxable income attributable to such sale (regardless of the sales price actually charged) in an amount which does not exceed the greatest of
(1) 4 percent of the qualified export receipts on the sale of such property by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts,
(2) 50 percent of the combined taxable income of such DISC and such person which is attributable to the qualified export receipts on such property derived as the result of a sale by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts, or
(3) taxable income based upon the sale price actually charged (but subject to the rules provided in section 482).
(b) Rules for commissions, rentals, and marginal costing 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth
(1) rules which are consistent with the rules set forth in subsection (a) for the application of this section in the case of commissions, rentals, and other income, and
(2) rules for the allocation of expenditures in computing combined taxable income under subsection (a)(2) in those cases where a DISC is seeking to establish or maintain a market for export property.
(c) Export promotion expenses 
For purposes of this section, the term export promotion expenses means those expenses incurred to advance the distribution or sale of export property for use, consumption, or distribution outside of the United States, but does not include income taxes. Such expenses shall also include freight expenses to the extent of 50 percent of the cost of shipping export property aboard airplanes owned and operated by United States persons or ships documented under the laws of the United States in those cases where law or regulations does not require that such property be shipped aboard such airplanes or ships.

Subpart B - Treatment of Distributions to Shareholders

26 USC 995 - Taxation of DISC income to shareholders

(a) General rule 
A shareholder of a DISC or former DISC shall be subject to taxation on the earnings and profits of a DISC as provided in this chapter, but subject to the modifications of this subpart.
(b) Deemed distributions 

(1) Distributions in qualified years 
A shareholder of a DISC shall be treated as having received a distribution taxable as a dividend with respect to his stock in an amount which is equal to his pro rata share of the sum (or, if smaller, the earnings and profits for the taxable year) of
(A) the gross interest derived during the taxable year from producers loans,
(B) the gain recognized by the DISC during the taxable year on the sale or exchange of property, other than property which in the hands of the DISC is a qualified export asset, previously transferred to it in a transaction in which gain was not recognized in whole or in part, but only to the extent that the transferors gain on the previous transfer was not recognized,
(C) the gain (other than the gain described in subparagraph (B)) recognized by the DISC during the taxable year on the sale or exchange of property (other than property which in the hands of the DISC is stock in trade or other property described in section 1221 (a)(1)) previously transferred to it in a transaction in which gain was not recognized in whole or in part, but only to the extent that the transferors gain on the previous transfer was not recognized and would have been treated as ordinary income if the property has been sold or exchanged rather than transferred to the DISC,
(D) 50 percent of the taxable income of the DISC for the taxable year attributable to military property,
(E) the taxable income of the DISC attributable to qualified export receipts of the DISC for the taxable year which exceed $10,000,000,
(F) the sum of
(i) in the case of a shareholder which is a C corporation, one-seventeenth of the excess of the taxable income of the DISC for the taxable year, before reduction for any distributions during the year, over the sum of the amounts deemed distributed for the taxable year under subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E),
(ii) an amount equal to 16/17 of the excess referred to in clause (i), multiplied by the international boycott factor determined under section 999, and
(iii) any illegal bribe, kickback, or other payment (within the meaning of section 162 (c)) paid by or on behalf of the DISC directly or indirectly to an official, employee, or agent in fact of a government, and
(G) the amount of foreign investment attributable to producers loans (as defined in subsection (d)) of a DISC for the taxable year.

Distributions described in this paragraph shall be deemed to be received on the last day of the taxable year of the DISC in which the income was derived. In the case of a distribution described in subparagraph (G), earnings and profits for the taxable year shall include accumulated earnings and profits.

(2) Distributions upon disqualification 

(A) A shareholder of a corporation which revoked its election to be treated as a DISC or failed to satisfy the conditions of section 992 (a)(1) for a taxable year shall be deemed to have received (at the time specified in subparagraph (B)) a distribution taxable as a dividend equal to his pro rata share of the DISC income of such corporation accumulated during the immediately preceding consecutive taxable years for which the corporation was a DISC.
(B) Distributions described in subparagraph (A) shall be deemed to be received in equal installments on the last day of each of the 10 taxable years of the corporation following the year of the termination or disqualification described in subparagraph (A) (but in no case over more than twice the number immediately preceding consecutive taxable years during which the corporation was a DISC).
(3) Taxable income attributable to military property 

(A) In general 
For purposes of paragraph (1)(D), taxable income of a DISC for the taxable year attributable to military property shall be determined by only taking into account
(i) the gross income of the DISC for the taxable year which is attributable to military property, and
(ii) the deductions which are properly apportioned or allocated to such income.
(B) Military property 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term military property means any property which is an arm, ammunition, or implement of war designated in the munitions list published pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778).
(4) Aggregation of qualified export receipts 

(A) In general 
For purposes of applying paragraph (1)(E), all DISCs which are members of the same controlled group shall be treated as a single corporation.
(B) Allocation 
The dollar amount under paragraph (1)(E) shall be allocated among the DISCs which are members of the same controlled group in a manner provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(c) Gain on disposition of stock in a DISC 

(1) In general 
If
(A) a shareholder disposes of stock in a DISC or former DISC any gain recognized on such disposition shall be included in gross income as a dividend to the extent provided in paragraph (2), or
(B) stock of a DISC or former DISC is disposed of in a transaction in which the separate corporate existence of the DISC or former DISC is terminated other than by a mere change in place of organization, however effected, any gain realized on the disposition of such stock in the transaction shall be recognized notwithstanding any other provision of this title to the extent provided in paragraph (2) and to the extent so recognized shall be included in gross income as a dividend.
(2) Amount included 
The amounts described in paragraph (1) shall be included in gross income as a dividend to the extent of the accumulated DISC income of the DISC or former DISC which is attributable to the stock disposed of and which was accumulated in taxable years of such corporation during the period or periods the stock disposed of was held by the shareholder which disposed of such stock.
(d) Foreign investment attributable to DISC earnings 
For the purposes of this part
(1) In general 
The amount of foreign investment attributable to producers loans of a DISC for a taxable year shall be the smallest of
(A) the net increase in foreign assets by members of the controlled group (as defined in section 993 (a)(3)) which includes the DISC,
(B) the actual foreign investment by domestic members of such group, or
(C) the amount of outstanding producers loans by such DISC to members of such controlled group.
(2) Net increase in foreign assets 
The term net increase in foreign assets of a controlled group means the excess of
(A) the amount incurred by such group to acquire assets (described in section 1231 (b)) located outside the United States over,
(B) the sum of
(i) the depreciation with respect to assets of such group located outside the United States;
(ii) the outstanding amount of stock or debt obligations of such group issued after December 31, 1971, to persons other than the United States persons or any member of such group;
(iii) one-half the earnings and profits of foreign members of such group and foreign branches of domestic members of such group;
(iv) one-half the royalties and fees paid by foreign members of such group to domestic members of such group; and
(v) the uncommitted transitional funds of the group as determined under paragraph (4).

For purposes of this paragraph, assets which are qualified export assets of a DISC (or would be qualified export assets if owned by a DISC) shall not be taken into account. Amounts described in this paragraph (other than in subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (v)) shall be taken into account only to the extent they are attributable to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1971.

(3) Actual foreign investment 
The term actual foreign investment by domestic members of a controlled group means the sum of
(A) contributions to capital of foreign members of the group by domestic members of the group after December 31, 1971,
(B) the outstanding amount of stock or debt obligations of foreign members of such group (other than normal trade indebtedness) issued after December 31, 1971, to domestic members of such group,
(C) amounts transferred by domestic members of the group after the December 31, 1971, to foreign branches of such members, and
(D) one-half the earnings and profits of foreign members of such group and foreign branches of domestic members of such group for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1971.

As used in this subsection, the term domestic member means a domestic corporation which is a member of a controlled group (as defined in section 993 (a)(3)), and the term foreign member means a foreign corporation which is a member of such a controlled group.

(4) Uncommitted transitional funds 
The uncommitted transitional funds of the group shall be an amount equal to the sum of
(A) the excess of
(i) the amount of stock or debt obligations of domestic members of such group outstanding on December 31, 1971, and issued on or after January 1, 1968, to persons other than United States persons or any members of such group, but only to the extent the taxpayer establishes that such amount constitutes a long-term borrowing for purposes of the foreign direct investment program, over
(ii) the net amount of actual foreign investment by domestic members of such group during the period that such stock or debt obligations have been outstanding; and
(B) the amount of liquid assets to the extent not included in subparagraph (A) held by foreign members of such group and foreign branches of domestic members of such group on October 31, 1971, in excess of their reasonable working capital needs on such date.

For purposes of this paragraph, the term liquid assets means money, bank deposits (not including time deposits), and indebtedness of 2 years or less to maturity on the date of acquisition; and the actual foreign investment shall be determined under paragraph (3) without regard to the date in subparagraph (A) of such paragraph and without regard to subparagraph (D) of such paragraph.

(5) Special rule 
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary the determinations under this subsection shall be made on a cumulative basis with proper adjustments for amounts previously taken into account.
(e) Certain transfers of DISC assets 
If
(1) a corporation owns, directly or indirectly, all of the stock of a subsidiary and a DISC,
(2) the subsidiary has been engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business (within the meaning of section 355 (b)) throughout the 5year period ending on the date of the transfer and continues to be so engaged thereafter, and
(3) during the taxable year of the subsidiary in which its stock is transferred and its preceding taxable year, such trade or business gives rise to qualified export receipts of the subsidiary and the DISC,

then, under such terms and conditions as the Secretary by regulations shall prescribe, transfers of assets, stock, or both, will be deemed to be a reorganization within the meaning of section 368, a transaction to which section 355 applies, an exchange of stock to which section 351 applies, or a combination thereof. The preceding sentence shall apply only to the extent that the transfer or transfers involved are for the purpose of preventing the separation of the ownership of the stock in the DISC from the ownership of the trade or business which (during the base period) produced the export gross receipts of the DISC.

(f) Interest on DISC-related deferred tax liability 

(1) In general 
A shareholder of a DISC shall pay for each taxable year interest in an amount equal to the product of
(A) the shareholders DISC-related deferred tax liability for such year, and
(B) the base period T-bill rate.
(2) Shareholder’s DISC-related deferred tax liability 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term shareholders DISC-related deferred tax liability means, with respect to any taxable year of a shareholder of a DISC, the excess of
(i) the amount which would be the tax liability of the shareholder for the taxable year if the deferred DISC income of such shareholder for such taxable year were included in gross income as ordinary income, over
(ii) the actual amount of the tax liability of such shareholder for such taxable year.

Determinations under the preceding sentence shall be made without regard to carrybacks to such taxable year.

(B) Adjustments for losses, credits, and other items 
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which provide such adjustments
(i) to the accounts of the DISC, and
(ii) to the amount of any carryover or carryback of the shareholder,

as may be necessary or appropriate in the case of net operating losses, credits, and carryovers, and carrybacks of losses and credits.

(C) Tax liability 
The term tax liability means the amount of the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year reduced by credits allowable against such tax (other than credits allowable under sections 31, 32, and 34).
(3) Deferred DISC income 
For purposes of this subsection
(A) In general 
The term deferred DISC income means, with respect to any taxable year of a shareholder, the excess of
(i) the shareholders pro rata share of accumulated DISC income (for periods after 1984) of the DISC as of the close of the computation year, over
(ii) the amount of the distributions-in-excess-of-income for the taxable year of the DISC following the computation year.
(B) Computation year 
For purposes of applying subparagraph (A) with respect to any taxable year of a shareholder, the computation year is the taxable year of the DISC which ends with (or within) the taxable year of the shareholder which precedes the taxable year of the shareholder for which the amount of deferred DISC income is being determined.
(C) Distributions-in-excess-of-income 
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term distributions-in-excess-of-income means, with respect to any taxable year of a DISC, the excess (if any) of
(i) the amount of actual distributions to the shareholder out of accumulated DISC income, over
(ii) the shareholders pro rata share of the DISC income for such taxable year.
(4) Base period T-bill rate 
For purposes of this subsection, the term base period T-bill rate means the annual rate of interest determined by the Secretary to be equivalent to the average of the 1-year constant maturity Treasury yields, as published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, for the 1-year period ending on September 30 of the calendar year ending with (or of the most recent calendar year ending before) the close of the taxable year of the shareholder.
(5) Short years 
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary for the application of this subsection to short years of the DISC, the shareholder, or both.
(6) Payment and assessment and collection of interest 
The interest accrued during any taxable year which a shareholder is required to pay under paragraph (1) shall be treated, for purposes of this title, as interest payable under section 6601 and shall be paid by the shareholder at the time the tax imposed by this chapter for such taxable year is required to be paid.
(7) DISC includes former DISC 
For purposes of this subsection, the term DISC includes a former DISC.
(g) Treatment of tax-exempt shareholders 
If any organization described in subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2) of section 511 (or any other person otherwise subject to tax under section 511) is a shareholder in a DISC
(1) any amount deemed distributed to such shareholder under subsection (b),
(2) any actual distribution to such shareholder which under section 996 is treated as out of accumulated DISC income, and
(3) any gain which is treated as a dividend under subsection (c),

shall be treated as derived from the conduct of an unrelated trade or business (and the modifications of section 512 (b) shall not apply). The rules of the preceding sentence shall apply also for purposes of determining any such shareholders DISC-related deferred tax liability under subsection (f).

26 USC 996 - Rules for allocation in the case of distributions and losses

(a) Rules for actual distributions and certain deemed distributions 

(1) In general 
Any actual distribution (other than a distribution described in paragraph (2) or to which section 995 (c) applies) to a shareholder by a DISC (or former DISC) which is made out of earnings and profits shall be treated as made
(A) first, out of previously taxed income, to the extent thereof,
(B) second, out of accumulated DISC income, to the extent thereof, and
(C) finally, out of other earnings and profits.
(2) Qualifying distributions 
Any actual distribution made pursuant to section 992 (c) (relating to distributions to meet qualification requirements), and any deemed distribution pursuant to section 995 (b)(1)(G) (relating to foreign investment attributable to producers loans), shall be treated as made
(A) first, out of accumulated DISC income, to the extent thereof,
(B) second, out of the earnings and profits described in paragraph (1)(C), to the extent thereof, and
(C) finally, out of previously taxed income.

In the case of any amount of any actual distribution to a C corporation made pursuant to section 992 (c) which is required to satisfy the condition of section 992 (a)(1)(A), the preceding sentence shall apply to 16/17ths of such amount and paragraph (1) shall apply to the remaining 1/17th of such amount.

(3) Exclusion from gross income 
Amounts distributed out of previously taxed income shall be excluded by the distributee from gross income except for gains described in subsection (e)(2), and shall reduce the amount of the previously taxed income.
(b) Ordering rules for losses 
If for any taxable year a DISC, or a former DISC, incurs a deficit in earnings and profits, such deficit shall be chargeable
(1) first, to earnings and profits described in subsection (a)(1)(C), to the extent thereof,
(2) second, to accumulated DISC income, to the extent thereof, and
(3) finally, to previously taxed income, except that a deficit in earnings and profits shall not be applied against accumulated DISC income which has been determined is to be deemed distributed to the shareholders (pursuant to section 995 (b)(2)(A)) as a result of a revocation of election or other disqualification.
(c) Priority of distributions 
Any actual distribution made during a taxable year shall be treated as being made subsequent to any deemed distribution made during such year. Any actual distribution made pursuant to section 992 (c) (relating to distributions to meet qualification requirements) shall be treated as being made before any other actual distributions during the taxable year.
(d) Subsequent effect of previous disposition of DISC stock 

(1) Shareholder previously taxed income adjustment 
If
(A) gain with respect to a share of stock of a DISC or former DISC is treated under section 995 (c) as a dividend or as ordinary income, and
(B) any person subsequently receives an actual distribution made out of accumulated DISC income, or a deemed distribution made pursuant to section 995 (b)(2), with respect to such share,

such person shall treat such distribution in the same manner as a distribution from previously taxed income to the extent that (i) the gain referred to in subparagraph (A), exceeds (ii) any other amounts with respect to such share which were treated under this paragraph as made from previously taxed income. In applying this paragraph with respect to a share of stock in a DISC or former DISC, gain on the acquisition of such share by the DISC or former DISC or gain on a transaction prior to such acquisition shall not be considered gain referred to in subparagraph (A).

(2) Corporate adjustment upon redemption 
If section 995 (c) applies to a redemption of stock in a DISC or former DISC, the accumulated DISC income shall be reduced by an amount equal to the gain described in section 995 (c) with respect to such stock which is (or has been) treated as ordinary income, except to the extent distributions with respect to such stock have been treated under paragraph (1).
(e) Adjustment to basis 

(1) Additions to basis 
Amounts representing deemed distributions as provided in section 995 (b) shall increase the basis of the stock with respect to which the distribution is made.
(2) Reductions of basis 
The portion of an actual distribution made out of previously taxed income shall reduce the basis of the stock with respect to which it is made, and to the extent that it exceeds the adjusted basis of such stock, shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of property. In the case of stock includible in the gross estate of a decedent for which an election is made under section 2032 (relating to alternate valuation), this paragraph shall not apply to any distribution made after the date of the decedents death and before the alternate valuation date provided by section 2032.
(f) Definition of divisions of earnings and profits 
For purposes of this part:
(1) DISC income 
The earnings and profits derived by a corporation during a taxable year in which such corporation is a DISC, before reduction for any distributions during the year, but reduced by amounts deemed distributed under section 995 (b)(1), shall constitute the DISC income for such year. The earnings and profits of a DISC for a taxable year include any amounts includible in such DISCs gross income pursuant to section 951 (a) for such year. Accumulated DISC income shall be reduced by deemed distributions under section 995 (b)(2).
(2) Previously taxed income 
Earnings and profits deemed distributed under section 995 (b) for a taxable year shall constitute previously taxed income for such year.
(3) Other earnings and profits 
The earnings and profits for a taxable year which are described in neither paragraph (1) nor (2) shall constitute the other earnings and profits for such year.
(g) Effectively connected income 
In the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, trust, or estate, gains referred to in section 995 (c) and all distributions out of accumulated DISC income including deemed distributions shall be treated as gains and distributions which are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business conducted through a permanent establishment of such shareholder within the United States and which are derived from sources within the United States.

26 USC 997 - Special subchapter C rules

For purposes of applying the provisions of subchapter C of chapter 1, any distribution in property to a corporation by a DISC or former DISC which is made out of previously taxed income or accumulated DISC income shall
(1) be treated as a distribution in the same amount as if such distribution of property were made to an individual, and
(2) have a basis, in the hands of the recipient corporation, equal to the amount determined under paragraph (1).

TITLE 26 - US CODE - PART V - INTERNATIONAL BOYCOTT DETERMINATIONS

26 USC 999 - Reports by taxpayers; determinations

(a) International boycott reports by taxpayers 

(1) Report required 
If any person, or a member of a controlled group (within the meaning of section 993 (a)(3)) which includes that person, has operations in, or related to
(A) a country (or with the government, a company, or a national of a country) which is on the list maintained by the Secretary under paragraph (3), or
(B) any other country (or with the government, a company, or a national of that country) in which such person or such member had operations during the taxable year if such person (or, if such person is a foreign corporation, any United States shareholder of that corporation) knows or has reason to know that participation in or co-operation with an international boycott is required as a condition of doing business within such country or with such government, company, or national,

that person or shareholder (within the meaning of section 951 (b)) shall report such operations to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary prescribes, except that in the case of a foreign corporation such report shall be required only of a United States shareholder (within the meaning of such section) of such corporation.

(2) Participation and cooperation; request therefor 
A taxpayer shall report whether he, a foreign corporation of which he is a United States shareholder, or any member of a controlled group which includes the taxpayer or such foreign corporation has participated in or cooperated with an international boycott at any time during the taxable year, or has been requested to participate in or cooperate with such a boycott, and, if so, the nature of any operation in connection with which there was participation in or cooperation with such boycott (or there was a request to participate or cooperate).
(3) List to be maintained 
The Secretary shall maintain and publish not less frequently than quarterly a current list of countries which require or may require participation in or cooperation with an international boycott (within the meaning of subsection (b)(3)).
(b) Participation in or cooperation with an international boycott 

(1) General rule 
If the person or a member of a controlled group (within the meaning of section 993 (a)(3)) which includes the person participates in or cooperates with an international boycott in the taxable year, all operations of the taxpayer or such group in that country and in any other country which requires participation in or cooperation with the boycott as a condition of doing business within that country, or with the government, a company, or a national of that country, shall be treated as operations in connection with which such participation or cooperation occurred, except to the extent that the person can clearly demonstrate that a particular operation is a clearly separate and identifiable operation in connection with which there was no participation in or cooperation with an international boycott.
(2) Special rule 

(A) Nonboycott operations 
A clearly separate and identifiable operation of a person, or of a member of the controlled group (within the meaning of section 993 (a)(3)) which includes that person, in or related to any country within the group of countries referred to in paragraph (1) shall not be treated as an operation in or related to a group of countries associated in carrying out an international boycott if the person can clearly demonstrate that he, or that such member, did not participate in or cooperate with the international boycott in connection with that operation.
(B) Separate and identifiable operations 
A taxpayer may show that different operations within the same country, or operations in different countries, are clearly separate and identifiable operations.
(3) Definition of boycott participation and cooperation 
For purposes of this section, a person participates in or cooperates with an international boycott if he agrees
(A) as a condition of doing business directly or indirectly within a country or with the government, a company, or a national of a country
(i) to refrain from doing business with or in a country which is the object of the boycott or with the government, companies, or nationals of that country;
(ii) to refrain from doing business with any United States person engaged in trade in a country which is the object of the boycott or with the government, companies, or nationals of that country;
(iii) to refrain from doing business with any company whose ownership or management is made up, all or in part, of individuals of a particular nationality, race, or religion, or to remove (or refrain from selecting) corporate directors who are individuals of a particular nationality, race, or religion; or
(iv) to refrain from employing individuals of a particular nationality, race, or religion; or
(B) as a condition of the sale of a product to the government, a company, or a national of a country, to refrain from shipping or insuring that product on a carrier owned, leased, or operated by a person who does not participate in or cooperate with an international boycott (within the meaning of subparagraph (A)).
(4) Compliance with certain laws 
This section shall not apply to any agreement by a person (or such member)
(A) to meet requirements imposed by a foreign country with respect to an international boycott if United States law or regulations, or an Executive Order, sanctions participation in, or cooperation with, that international boycott,
(B) to comply with a prohibition on the importation of goods produced in whole or in part in any country which is the object of an international boycott, or
(C) to comply with a prohibition imposed by a country on the exportation of products obtained in such country to any country which is the object of an international boycott.
(c) International boycott factor 

(1) International boycott factor 
For purposes of sections 908 (a), 952 (a)(3), and 995 (b)(1)(F)(ii), the international boycott factor is a fraction, determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the numerator of which reflects the world-wide operations of a person (or, in the case of a controlled group (within the meaning of section 993 (a)(3)) which includes that person, of the group) which are operations in or related to a group of countries associated in carrying out an international boycott in or with which that person or a member of that controlled group has participated or cooperated in the taxable year, and the denominator of which reflects the world-wide operations of that person or group.
(2) Specifically attributable taxes and income 
If the taxpayer clearly demonstrates that the foreign taxes paid and income earned for the taxable year are attributable to specific operations, then, in lieu of applying the international boycott factor for such taxable year, the amount of the credit disallowed under section 908 (a), the addition to subpart F income under section 952 (a)(3), and the amount of deemed distribution under section 995 (b)(1)(F)(ii) for the taxable year, if any, shall be the amount specifically attributable to the operations in which there was participation in or cooperation with an international boycott under section 999 (b)(1).
(3) World-wide operations 
For purposes of this subsection, the term world-wide operations means operations in or related to countries other than the United States.
(d) Determination with respect to particular operations 
Upon a request made by the taxpayer, the Secretary shall issue a determination with respect to whether a particular operation of a person, or of a member of a controlled group which includes that person, constitutes participation in or cooperation with an international boycott. The Secretary may issue such a determination in advance of such operation in cases which are of such a nature that an advance determination is possible and appropriate under the circumstances. If the request is made before the operation is commenced, or before the end of a taxable year in which the operation is carried out, the Secretary may decline to issue such a determination before close of the taxable year.
(e) Participation or cooperation by related persons 
If a person controls (within the meaning of section 304 (c)) a corporation
(1) participation in or cooperation with an international boycott by such corporation shall be presumed to be such participation or cooperation by such person, and
(2) participation in or cooperation with such a boycott by such person shall be presumed to be such participation or cooperation by such corporation.
(f) Willful failure to report 
Any person (within the meaning of section 6671 (b)) required to report under this section who willfully fails to make such report shall, in addition to other penalties provided by law, be fined not more than $25,000, imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.

26 USC 1000 - Reserved]