TITLE 22 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER II - NEUTRALITY

22 USC 441 - Proclamation of state of war between foreign states

(a) Issuance of proclamation 
Whenever the President, or the Congress by concurrent resolution, shall find that there exists a state of war between foreign states, and that it is necessary to promote the security or preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the lives of citizens of the United States, the President shall issue a proclamation naming the states involved; and he shall, from time to time, by proclamation, name other states as and when they may become involved in the war.
(b) Revocation of proclamation 
Whenever the state of war which shall have caused the President to issue any proclamation under the authority of this section shall have ceased to exist with respect to any state named in such proclamation, he shall revoke such proclamation with respect to such state.

442, 443. Repealed. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, 1, 55 Stat. 764

Section 442, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, 2, 54 Stat. 4, related to commerce with states engaged in armed conflict. Section 443, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, 3, 54 Stat. 7, related to combat areas.

22 USC 444 - American Red Cross vessels

(a) Transport of officers, American Red Cross personnel, medical personnel, medical supplies, food and clothing 
The provisions of section 442 (a)1 of this title shall not prohibit the transportation by vessels, unarmed and not under convoy, under charter or other direction and control of the American Red Cross of officers and American Red Cross personnel, medical personnel, and medical supplies, food, and clothing, for the relief of human suffering: Provided, That where permission has not been given by the blockading power, no American Red Cross vessel shall enter a port where a blockade by aircraft, surface vessel, or submarine is being attempted through the destruction of vessels, or into a port of any country where such blockade of the whole country is being so attempted: Provided further, That such American Red Cross vessel shall be on a mission of mercy only and carrying only Red Cross materials and personnel.
(b) Transport of refugee children 
The provisions of sections 442 (a) and 4431 of this title shall not prohibit a vessel, in ballast, unarmed, and not under convoy, and transporting refugee children, under sixteen years of age, from war zones, or combat areas, and shall not prohibit such vessel entering into such war zones or combat areas for this purpose, together with such necessary American citizen adult personnel in charge as may be approved by the Secretary of State, subject to the provisions of the immigration laws, if such vessel is proceeding under safe conduct granted by all of the States named in the proclamations issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title, and if such vessel has painted on a large scale prominently, distinctly, and unmistakably on each side thereof and upon the superstructure thereof plainly visible from the air an American flag and a statement to the effect that such vessel is a refugee-child rescue ship of the United States or under United States registry: Provided, That every such child so brought into the United States shall, previous to departure from the port of embarkation, have been so sponsored by some responsible American person, natural or corporate, that he will not become a public charge.
[1] See References in Text note below.

22 USC 445 - Travel on vessels of belligerent states

(a) Proscription by Presidential proclamation 
Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title it shall thereafter be unlawful for any citizen of the United States to travel on any vessel of any state named in such proclamation, except in accordance with such rules and regulations as may be prescribed.
(b) Revocation of proclamation; effect 
Whenever any proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title shall have been revoked with respect to any state the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with respect to such state, except as to offenses committed prior to such revocation.

22 USC 446 - Repealed. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, 2, 55 Stat. 764

Section, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, 6, 54 Stat. 7, prohibited arming of American merchant vessels. Joint Res. Nov. 17, 1941, 2, which repealed this section, was itself repealed, effective July 1, 1948, by Joint Res. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, 2(a), 61 Stat. 451, which provided that it should remain in full force and effect until such date.

22 USC 447 - Financial transactions

(a) Bonds, securities, or other obligations 
Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title, it shall thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United States to purchase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities, or other obligations of the government of any state named in such proclamation, or of any political subdivision of any such state, or of any person acting for or on behalf of the government of any such state, or political subdivision thereof, issued after the date of such proclamation, or to make any loan or extend any credit (other than necessary credits accruing in connection with the transmission of telegraph, cable, wireless and telephone services) to any such government, political subdivision, or person. The provisions of this subsection shall also apply to the sale by any person within the United States to any person in a state named in any such proclamation of any articles or materials listed in a proclamation referred to in or issued under the authority of section 452 (i)1 of this title.
(b) Renewal or adjustment of indebtedness 
The provisions of this section shall not apply to a renewal or adjustment of such indebtedness as may exist on the date of such proclamation.
(c) Fine and imprisonment 
Whoever shall knowingly violate any of the provisions of this section or of any regulations issued thereunder shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $50,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. Should the violation be by a corporation, organization, or association, each officer or director thereof participating in the violation shall be liable to the penalty herein prescribed.
(d) Revocation of proclamation 
Whenever any proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title shall have been revoked with respect to any state the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with respect to such state, except as to offenses committed prior to such revocation.
(e) Wartime 
This section shall not be operative when the United States is at war.
[1] See References in Text note below.

22 USC 448 - Solicitation and collection of funds and contributions

(a) Unlawful acts 
Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title, it shall thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United States to solicit or receive any contribution for or on behalf of the government of any state named in such proclamation or for or on behalf of any agent or instrumentality of any such state.
(b) Medical aid, food, and clothing 
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the solicitation or collection of funds and contributions to be used for medical aid and assistance, or for food and clothing to relieve human suffering, when such solicitation or collection of funds and contributions is made on behalf of and for use by any person or organization which is not acting for or on behalf of any such government, but all such solicitations and collections of funds and contributions shall be in accordance with and subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed.
(c) Revocation of proclamation 
Whenever any proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title shall have been revoked with respect to any state the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with respect to such state, except as to offenses committed prior to such revocation.

22 USC 449 - American republics

This subchapter (except section 4521 of this title) shall not apply to any American republic engaged in war against a non-American state or states, provided the American republic is not cooperating with a non-American state or states in such war.
[1] See References in Text note below.

22 USC 450 - Restrictions on use of American ports

(a) Bond to insure non-delivery of men, ammunition, fuel, etc. 
Whenever, during any war in which the United States is neutral, the President, or any person thereunto authorized by him, shall have cause to believe that any vessel, domestic or foreign, whether requiring clearance or not, is about to carry out of a port or from the jurisdiction of the United States, fuel, men, arms, ammunition, implements of war, supplies, dispatches, or information to any warship, tender, or supply ship of a state named in a proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title, but the evidence is not deemed sufficient to justify forbidding the departure of the vessel as provided for by section 967 of title 18, and if, in the Presidents judgment, such action will serve to maintain peace between the United States and foreign states, or to protect the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens, or to promote the security or neutrality of the United States, he shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to require the owner, master, or person in command thereof, before departing from a port or from the jurisdiction of the United States, to give a bond to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in such amount as he shall deem proper, conditioned that the vessel will not deliver the men, or any fuel, supplies, dispatches, information, or any part of the cargo, to any warship, tender, or supply ship of a state named in a proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title.
(b) Departure prohibited 
If the President, or any person thereunto authorized by him, shall find that a vessel, domestic or foreign, in a port of the United States, has previously departed from a port or from the jurisdiction of the United States during such war and delivered men, fuel, supplies, dispatches, information, or any part of its cargo to a warship, tender, or supply ship of a state named in a proclamation issued under the authority of section 441 (a) of this title, he may prohibit the departure of such vessel during the duration of the war.
(c) Alien seaman; bond 
Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under section 441 (a) of this title he may, while such proclamation is in effect, require the owner, master, or person in command of any vessel, foreign or domestic, before departing from the United States, to give a bond to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in such amount as he shall deem proper, conditioned that no alien seaman who arrived on such vessel shall remain in the United States for a longer period than that permitted under the regulations, as amended from time to time, issued pursuant to section 1681 of title 8. Notwithstanding the provisions of said section 1681 of title 8, the President may issue such regulations with respect to the landing of such seamen as he deems necessary to insure their departure either on such vessel or another vessel at the expense of such owner, master, or person in command.
[1] See References in Text note below.

22 USC 451 - Submarines and armed merchant vessels

Whenever, during any war in which the United States is neutral, the President shall find that special restrictions placed on the use of the ports and territorial waters of the United States by the submarines or armed merchant vessels of a foreign state will serve to maintain peace between the United States and foreign states, or to protect the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens, or to promote the security of the United States, and shall make proclamation thereof, it shall thereafter be unlawful for any such submarine or armed merchant vessel to enter a port or the territorial waters of the United States or to depart therefrom, except under such conditions and subject to such limitations as the President may prescribe. Whenever, in his judgment, the conditions which have caused him to issue his proclamation have ceased to exist, he shall revoke his proclamation and the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply, except as to offenses committed prior to such revocation.

22 USC 452 - Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, 542(a)(12), 68 Stat. 861

Section, acts Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, 12, 54 Stat. 10; Jan. 26, 1942, ch. 19, 56 Stat. 19, established the National Munitions Control Board. See former section 1934 and section 2778 of this title. Subsec. (h) was subsequently repealed by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, 1(28), 68 Stat. 968.

22 USC 453 - Regulations

The President may, from time to time, promulgate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the provisions of this subchapter; and he may exercise any power or authority conferred on him by this subchapter through such officer or officers, or agency or agencies, as he shall direct.

22 USC 454 - Unlawful use of the American flag by vessel of foreign state

(a) It shall be unlawful for any vessel belonging to or operating under the jurisdiction of any foreign state to use the flag of the United States thereon, or to make use of any distinctive signs or markings, indicating that the same is an American vessel.
(b) Any vessel violating the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be denied for a period of three months the right to enter the ports or territorial waters of the United States except in cases of force majeure.

22 USC 455 - General penalty provision

In every case of the violation of any of the provisions of this subchapter or of any rule or regulation issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not provided in this subchapter, such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

22 USC 456 - Definitions

For the purposes of this subchapter
(a) The term United States, when used in a geographical sense, includes the several States and Territories, the insular possessions of the United States, the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia.
(b) The term person includes a partnership, company, association, or corporation, as well as a natural person.
(c) The term vessel means every description of watercraft and aircraft capable of being used as a means of transportation on, under, or over water.
(d) The term American vessel means any vessel documented, and any aircraft registered or licensed, under the laws of the United States.
(e) The term state shall include nation, government, and country.
(f) The term citizen shall include any individual owing allegiance to the United States, a partnership, company, or association composed in whole or in part of citizens of the United States, and any corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States as defined in subsection (a) of this section.

22 USC 457 - Appropriations

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of this subchapter.