(b) Other definitions In this chapter:
(1) Critical foreign language
The term critical foreign language means a foreign language that the Secretary determines, in consultation with the heads of such Federal departments and agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate, is critical to the national security and economic competitiveness of the United States.
(2) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section
1001 (a) of this title.
(3) Secretary
The term Secretary means the Secretary of Education.
(4) Scientifically valid research
The term scientifically valid research includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with accepted principles of scientific research.