TITLE 16 - US CODE - SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

16 USC 1 - Service created; director; other employees

There is created in the Department of the Interior a service to be called the National Park Service, which shall be under the charge of a director who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director shall have substantial experience and demonstrated competence in land management and natural or cultural resource conservation. The Director shall select two Deputy Directors. The first Deputy Director shall have responsibility for National Park Service operations, and the second Deputy Director shall have responsibility for other programs assigned to the National Park Service. There shall also be in said service such subordinate officers, clerks, and employees as may be appropriated for by Congress. The service thus established shall promote and regulate the use of the Federal areas known as national parks, monuments, and reservations hereinafter specified, except such as are under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Army, as provided by law, by such means and measures as conform to the fundamental purpose of the said parks, monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.

16 USC 1a - Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 39, 62 Stat. 992, eff. Sept. 1, 1948

Section, act June 28, 1938, ch. 778, 1, 52 Stat. 1213, related to residence of United States Commissioners [now magistrate judges].

16 USC 1a1 - National Park System: administration; declaration of findings and purpose

Congress declares that the national park system, which began with establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872, has since grown to include superlative natural, historic, and recreation areas in every major region of the United States, its territories and island possessions; that these areas, though distinct in character, are united through their inter-related purposes and resources into one national park system as cumulative expressions of a single national heritage; that, individually and collectively, these areas derive increased national dignity and recognition of their superb environmental quality through their inclusion jointly with each other in one national park system preserved and managed for the benefit and inspiration of all the people of the United States; and that it is the purpose of this Act to include all such areas in the System and to clarify the authorities applicable to the system. Congress further reaffirms, declares, and directs that the promotion and regulation of the various areas of the National Park System, as defined in section 1c of this title, shall be consistent with and founded in the purpose established by section 1 of this title, to the common benefit of all the people of the United States. The authorization of activities shall be construed and the protection, management, and administration of these areas shall be conducted in light of the high public value and integrity of the National Park System and shall not be exercised in derogation of the values and purposes for which these various areas have been established, except as may have been or shall be directly and specifically provided by Congress.

16 USC 1a2 - Secretary of the Interiors authorization of activities

In order to facilitate the administration of the national park system, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized, under such terms and conditions as he may deem advisable, to carry out the following activities:

(a) Transportation
Provide transportation of employees located at isolated areas of the national park system and to members of their families, where

(1) such areas are not adequately served by commercial transportation, and

(2) such transportation is incidental to official transportation services.

(b) Recreation
Provide recreation facilities, equipment, and services for use by employees and their families located at isolated areas of the national park system.

(c) Advisory committees; compensation and travel expenses
Appoint and establish such advisory committees in regard to the functions of the National Park Service as he may deem advisable, members of which shall receive no compensation for their services as such but who shall be allowed necessary travel expenses as authorized by section 5703 of title 5.

(d) Park equipment purchases
Purchase field and special purpose equipment required by employees for the performance of assigned functions which shall be regarded and listed as park equipment.

(e) Services, resources, or water contracts
Enter into contracts which provide for the sale or lease to persons, States, or their political subdivisions, of services, resources, or water available within an area of the national park system, as long as such activity does not jeopardize or unduly interfere with the primary natural or historic resource of the area involved, if such person, State, or its political subdivision

(1) provides public accommodations or services within the immediate vicinity of an area of the national park system to persons visiting the area; and

(2) has demonstrated to the Secretary that there are no reasonable alternatives by which to acquire or perform the necessary services, resources, or water.

(f) Vehicular air-conditioning
Acquire, and have installed, air-conditioning units for any Government-owned passenger motor vehicles used by the National Park Service, where assigned duties necessitate long periods in automobiles or in regions of the United States where high temperatures and humidity are common and prolonged.

(g) Exhibits and demonstrations; sale of products and services; contracts and cooperative arrangements; credits to appropriation
Sell at fair market value without regard to the requirements of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, products and services produced in the conduct of living exhibits and interpretive demonstrations in areas of the national park system, to enter into contracts including cooperative arrangements with respect to such living exhibits and interpretive demonstrations, and to credit the proceeds therefrom to the appropriation bearing the cost of such exhibits and demonstrations. Sixty percent of the fees paid by permittees for the privilege of entering into Glacier Bay for the period beginning on the first full fiscal year following November 12, 1996, shall be deposited into a special account and that such funds shall be available

(1) to the extent determined necessary, to acquire and preposition necessary and adequate emergency response equipment to prevent harm or the threat of harm to aquatic park resources from permittees; and

(2) to conduct investigations to quantify any effect of permittees activity on wildlife and other natural resource values of Glacier Bay National Park. The investigations provided for in this subsection shall be designed to provide information of value to the Secretary, in determining any appropriate limitations on permittees activity in Glacier Bay. The Secretary may not impose any additional permittee operating conditions in the areas of air, water, and oil pollution beyond those determined and enforced by other appropriate agencies. When competitively awarding permits to enter Glacier Bay, the Secretary may take into account the relative impact particular permittees will have on park values and resources, provided that no operating conditions or limitations relating to noise abatement shall be imposed unless the Secretary determines, based on the weight of the evidence from all available studies including verifiable scientific information from the investigations provided for in this subsection, that such limitations or conditions are necessary to protect park values and resources. Fees paid by certain permittees for the privilege of entering into Glacier Bay shall not exceed $5 per passenger. For the purposes of this subsection, certain permittee shall mean a permittee which provides overnight accommodations for at least 500 passengers for an itinerary of at least 3 nights, and permittee shall mean a concessionaire providing visitor services within Glacier Bay. Nothing in this subsection authorizes the Secretary to require additional categories of permits in, or otherwise increase the number of permits to enter Glacier Bay National Park.

(h) Regulations; promulgation and enforcement
Promulgate and enforce regulations concerning boating and other activities on or relating to waters located within areas of the National Park System, including waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States: Provided, That any regulations adopted pursuant to this subsection shall be complementary to, and not in derogation of, the authority of the United States Coast Guard to regulate the use of waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(i) United States Park Police and other National Park Service employees; meals and lodging
Provide meals and lodging, as the Secretary deems appropriate, for members of the United States Park Police and other employees of the National Park Service, as he may designate, serving temporarily on extended special duty in areas of the National Park System, and for this purpose he is authorized to use funds appropriated for the expenses of the Department of the Interior.

(j) Cooperative research and training programs
Enter into cooperative agreements with public or private educational institutions, States, and their political subdivisions, for the purpose of developing adequate, coordinated, cooperative research and training programs concerning the resources of the National Park System, and, pursuant to any such agreements, to accept from and make available to the cooperator such technical and support staff, financial assistance for mutually agreed upon research projects, supplies and equipment, facilities, and administrative services relating to cooperative research units as the Secretary deems appropriate; except that this paragraph shall not waive any requirements for research projects that are subject to the Federal procurement regulations.

(k) Leases

(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2) and subject to paragraph (3), the Secretary may enter into a lease with any person or governmental entity for the use of buildings and associated property administered by the Secretary as part of the National Park System.

(2) Prohibited activities
The Secretary may not use a lease under paragraph (1) to authorize the lessee to engage in activities that are subject to authorization by the Secretary through a concessions contract, commercial use authorization, or similar instrument.

(3) Use
Buildings and associated property leased under paragraph (1)

(A) shall be used for an activity that is consistent with the purposes established by law for the unit in which the building is located;

(B) shall not result in degradation of the purposes and values of the unit; and

(4) Rental amounts

(A) In general With respect to a lease under paragraph (1)

(i) payment of fair market value rental shall be required; and

(ii) section 1302 of title 40 shall not apply.

(B) Adjustment The Secretary may adjust the rental amount as appropriate to take into account any amounts to be expended by the lessee for preservation, maintenance, restoration, improvement, or repair and related expenses.

(C) Regulation The Secretary shall promulgate regulations implementing this subsection that includes provisions to encourage and facilitate competition in the leasing process and provide for timely and adequate public comment.

(5) Special account

(A) Deposits Rental payments under a lease under paragraph (1) shall be deposited in a special account in the Treasury of the United States.

(B) Availability Amounts in the special account shall be available until expended, without further appropriation, for infrastructure needs at units of the National Park System, including

(i) facility refurbishment;

(ii) repair and replacement;

(iii) infrastructure projects associated with park resource protection; and

(iv) direct maintenance of the leased buildings and associated properties.

(C) Accountability and results The Secretary shall develop procedures for the use of the special account that ensure accountability and demonstrated results consistent with this Act.

(l) Cooperative management agreements

(1) In general
Where a unit of the National Park System is located adjacent to or near a State or local park area, and cooperative management between the National Park Service and a State or local government agency of a portion of either park will allow for more effective and efficient management of the parks, the Secretary may enter into an agreement with a State or local government agency to provide for the cooperative management of the Federal and State or local park areas. The Secretary may not transfer administration responsibilities for any unit of the National Park System under this paragraph.

(2) Provision of goods and services
Under a cooperative management agreement, the Secretary may acquire from and provide to a State or local government agency goods and services to be used by the Secretary and the State or local governmental agency in the cooperative management of land.

(3) Assignment
An assignment arranged by the Secretary under section 3372 of title 5 of a Federal, State, or local employee for work in any Federal, State, or local land or an extension of such an assignment may be for any period of time determined by the Secretary and the State or local agency to be mutually beneficial.

16 USC 1a3 - Legislative jurisdiction; relinquishment by Secretary; submittal of proposed agreement to Congressional committees; concurrent legislative jurisdiction

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Interior may relinquish to a State, or to a Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States, part of the legislative jurisdiction of the United States over National Park System lands or interests therein in that State, Commonwealth, territory, or possession: Provided, That prior to consummating any such relinquishment, the Secretary shall submit the proposed agreement to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and shall not finalize such agreement until sixty calendar days after such submission shall have elapsed. Relinquishment of legislative jurisdiction under this section may be accomplished

(1) by filing with the Governor (or, if none exists, with the chief executive officer) of the State, Commonwealth, territory, or possession concerned a notice of relinquishment to take effect upon acceptance thereof, or

(2) as the laws of the State, Commonwealth, territory, or possession may otherwise provide. The Secretary shall diligently pursue the consummation of arrangements with each State, Commonwealth, territory, or possession within which a unit of the National Park System is located to the end that insofar as practicable the United States shall exercise concurrent legislative jurisdiction within units of the National Park System.

16 USC 1a4 - Uniform allowance

Notwithstanding section 5901 (a) of title 5, the uniform allowance for uniformed employees of the National Park Service may be up to $400 annually.

16 USC 1a5 - Additional areas for National Park System

(a) General authority
The Secretary of the Interior is directed to investigate, study, and continually monitor the welfare of areas whose resources exhibit qualities of national significance and which may have potential for inclusion in the National Park System. Accompanying the annual listing of areas shall be a synopsis, for each report previously submitted, of the current and changed condition of the resource integrity of the area and other relevant factors, compiled as a result of continual periodic monitoring and embracing the period since the previous such submission or initial report submission one year earlier. The Secretary is also directed to transmit annually to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President of the Senate, at the beginning of each fiscal year, a complete and current list of all areas included on the Registry of Natural Landmarks and those areas of national significance listed on the National Register of Historic places which areas exhibit known or anticipated damage or threats to the integrity of their resources, along with notations as to the nature and severity of such damage or threats. Each report and annual listing shall be printed as a House document: Provided, That should adequate supplies of previously printed identical reports remain available, newly submitted identical reports shall be omitted from printing upon the receipt by the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives of a joint letter from the chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources of the United States House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate indicating such to be the case.

(b) Studies of areas for potential addition

(1) At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual budget submission, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate a list of areas recommended for study for potential inclusion in the National Park System.

(2) In developing the list to be submitted under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider

(A) those areas that have the greatest potential to meet the established criteria of national significance, suitability, and feasibility;

(B) themes, sites, and resources not already adequately represented in the National Park System; and

(3) No study of the potential of an area for inclusion in the National Park System may be initiated after November 13, 1998, except as provided by specific authorization of an Act of Congress.

(4) Nothing in this Act shall limit the authority of the National Park Service to conduct preliminary resource assessments, gather data on potential study areas, provide technical and planning assistance, prepare or process nominations for administrative designations, update previous studies, or complete reconnaissance surveys of individual areas requiring a total expenditure of less than $25,000.

(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to or to affect or alter the study of any river segment for potential addition to the national wild and scenic rivers system or to apply to or to affect or alter the study of any trail for potential addition to the national trails system.

(1) The Secretary shall complete the study for each area for potential inclusion in the National Park System within 3 complete fiscal years following the date on which funds are first made available for such purposes. Each study under this section shall be prepared with appropriate opportunity for public involvement, including at least one public meeting in the vicinity of the area under study, and after reasonable efforts to notify potentially affected landowners and State and local governments.

(2) In conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider whether the area under study

(A) possesses nationally significant natural or cultural resources and represents one of the most important examples of a particular resource type in the country; and

(B) is a suitable and feasible addition to the system.

(3) Each study

(A) shall consider the following factors with regard to the area being studied

(i) the rarity and integrity of the resources;

(ii) the threats to those resources;

(iii) similar resources are already protected in the National Park System or in other public or private ownership;

(iv) the public use potential;

(v) the interpretive and educational potential;

(vi) costs associated with acquisition, development and operation;

(vii) the socioeconomic impacts of any designation;

(viii) the level of local and general public support; and

(ix) whether the area is of appropriate configuration to ensure long-term resource protection and visitor use;

(B) shall consider whether direct National Park Service management or alternative protection by other public agencies or the private sector is appropriate for the area;

(C) shall identify what alternative or combination of alternatives would in the professional judgment of the Director of the National Park Service be most effective and efficient in protecting significant resources and providing for public enjoyment; and

(D) may include any other information which the Secretary deems to be relevant.

(4) Each study shall be completed in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].

(5) The letter transmitting each completed study to Congress shall contain a recommendation regarding the Secretarys preferred management option for the area.

(d) New area study office
The Secretary shall designate a single office to be assigned to prepare all new area studies and to implement other functions of this section.

(e) List of areas
At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual budget submission, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of areas which have been previously studied which contain primarily historical resources, and a list of areas which have been previously studied which contain primarily natural resources, in numerical order of priority for addition to the National Park System. In developing the lists, the Secretary should consider threats to resource values, cost escalation factors, and other factors listed in subsection (c) of this section. The Secretary should only include on the lists areas for which the supporting data is current and accurate.

(f) Authorization of appropriations
For the purposes of carrying out the studies for potential new Park System units and for monitoring the welfare of those resources, there are authorized to be appropriated annually not to exceed $1,000,000. For the purposes of monitoring the welfare and integrity of the national landmarks, there are authorized to be appropriated annually not to exceed $1,500,000. For carrying out subsections (b) through (d) of this section there are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each fiscal year.

16 USC 1a6 - Law enforcement personnel within National Park System

(a) Omitted

(b) Designation authority of Secretary; powers and duties of designees
In addition to any other authority conferred by law, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to designate, pursuant to standards prescribed in regulations by the Secretary, certain officers or employees of the Department of the Interior who shall maintain law and order and protect persons and property within areas of the National Park System. In the performance of such duties, the officers or employees, so designated, may

(1) carry firearms and make arrests without warrant for any offense against the United States committed in his presence, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if he has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, provided such arrests occur within that system or the person to be arrested is fleeing therefrom to avoid arrest;

(2) execute any warrant or other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction for the enforcement of the provisions of any Federal law or regulation issued pursuant to law arising out of an offense committed in that system or, where the person subject to the warrant or process is in that system, in connection with any Federal offense; and

(3) conduct investigations of offenses against the United States committed in that system in the absence of investigation thereof by any other Federal law enforcement agency having investigative jurisdiction over the offense committed or with the concurrence of such other agency.

(c) Supplemental special policemen; designation authority of Secretary; cooperation with State officials in enforcement of State law; reimbursement to State; concurrent jurisdiction; delegation of enforcement responsibilities
The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to

(1) designate officers and employees of any other Federal agency or law enforcement personnel of any State or political subdivision thereof, when deemed economical and in the public interest and with the concurrence of that agency or that State or subdivision, to act as special policemen in areas of the National Park System when supplemental law enforcement personnel may be needed, and to exercise the powers and authority provided by paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b) of this section;

(2) cooperate, within the National Park System, with any State or political subdivision thereof in the enforcement of supervision of the laws or ordinances of that State or subdivision;

(3) mutually waive, in any agreement pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection or pursuant to subsection (b)(1) of this section with any State or political subdivision thereof where State law requires such waiver and indemnification, any and all civil claims against all the other parties thereto and, subject to available appropriations, indemnify and save harmless the other parties to such agreement from all claims by third parties for property damage or personal injury, which may arise out of the parties activities outside their respective jurisdictions under such agreement; and

(4) provide limited reimbursement, to a State or its political subdivisions, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, where the State has ceded concurrent legislative jurisdiction over the affected area of the system, for expenditures incurred in connection with its activities within that system which were rendered pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection.

The authorities provided by this subsection shall supplement the law enforcement responsibilities of the National Park Service, and shall not authorize the delegation of law enforcement responsibilities of the agency to State and local governments.

(d) Special policemen not deemed Federal employees; exceptions

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a law enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision thereof designated to act as a special policeman under subsection (c) of this section shall not be deemed a Federal employee and shall not be subject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employment, including, but not limited to, those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compensation, and Federal benefits.

(2) For purposes of the tort claim provisions of title 28, a law enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision thereof shall, when acting as a special policeman under subsection (c) of this section, be considered a Federal employee.

(3) For purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, relating to compensation to Federal employees for work injuries, a law enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision thereof shall, when acting as a special policeman under subsection (c) of this section be deemed a civil service employee of the United States within the meaning of the term employee as defined in section 8101 of title 5, and the provisions of that subchapter shall apply.

(e) Federal investigative jurisdiction and State civil and criminal jurisdiction not preempted within National Park System
Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed or applied to limit or restrict the investigative jurisdiction of any Federal law enforcement agency other than the National Park Service, and nothing shall be construed or applied to affect any right of a State or a political subdivision thereof to exercise civil and criminal jurisdiction within the National Park System.

16 USC 1a7 - National Park System development program

(a) Omitted

(b) General management plans; preparation and revision by Director of National Park Service; list to Congress; contents
General management plans for the preservation and use of each unit of the National Park System, including areas within the national capital area, shall be prepared and revised in a timely manner by the Director of the National Park Service. On January 1 of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a list indicating the current status of completion or revision of general management plans for each unit of the National Park System. General management plans for each unit shall include, but not be limited to:

(1) measures for the preservation of the areas resources;

(2) indications of types and general intensities of development (including visitor circulation and transportation patterns, systems and modes) associated with public enjoyment and use of the area, including general locations, timing of implementation, and anticipated costs;

(3) identification of and implementation commitments for visitor carrying capacities for all areas of the unit; and

(4) indications of potential modifications to the external boundaries of the unit, and the reasons therefor.

16 USC 1a7a - National Park System crime prevention assistance

(a) Availability of funds
There are authorized to be appropriated out of the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund, not to exceed $10,000,000, for the Secretary of the Interior to take all necessary actions to seek to reduce the incidence of violent crime in the National Park System.

(b) Recommendations for improvement
The Secretary shall direct the chief official responsible for law enforcement within the National Park Service to

(1) compile a list of areas within the National Park System with the highest rates of violent crime;

(2) make recommendations concerning capital improvements, and other measures, needed within the National Park System to reduce the rates of violent crime, including the rate of sexual assault; and

(3) publish the information required by paragraphs (1) and (2) in the Federal Register.

(c) Distribution of funds
Based on the recommendations and list issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall distribute the funds authorized by subsection (a) of this section throughout the National Park System. Priority shall be given to those areas with the highest rates of sexual assault.

(d) Use of funds
Funds provided under this section may be used

(1) to increase lighting within or adjacent to National Park System units;

(2) to provide emergency phone lines to contact law enforcement or security personnel in areas within or adjacent to National Park System units;

(3) to increase security or law enforcement personnel within or adjacent to National Park System units; or

(4) for any other project intended to increase the security and safety of National Park System units.

16 USC 1a8 - Maintenance management system

(a) Implementation and elements
Beginning in fiscal year 1985, the National Park Service shall implement a maintenance management system into the maintenance and operations programs of the National Park System. For purposes of this section the term maintenance management system means a system that contains but is not limited to the following elements:

(1) a work load inventory of assets including detailed information that quantifies for all assets (including but not limited to buildings, roads, utility systems, and grounds that must be maintained) the characteristics affecting the type of maintenance work performed;

(2) a set of maintenance tasks that describe the maintenance work in each unit of the National Park System;

(3) a description of work standards including frequency of maintenance, measurable quality standard to which assets should be maintained, methods for accomplishing work, required labor, equipment and material resources, and expected worker production for each maintenance task;

(4) a work program and performance budget which develops an annual work plan identifying maintenance needs and financial resources to be devoted to each maintenance task;

(5) a work schedule which identifies and prioritizes tasks to be done in a specific time period and specifies required labor resources;

(6) work orders specifying job authorizations and a record of work accomplished which can be used to record actual labor and material costs; and

(7) reports and special analyses which compare planned versus actual accomplishments and costs and can be used to evaluate maintenance operations.

(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(d)(1)(F), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196

16 USC 1a9 - Periodic review of National Park System

The Secretary of the Interior (hereafter in sections 1a–9 to 1a–13 of this title referred to as the Secretary) is authorized and directed to conduct a systematic and comprehensive review of certain aspects of the National Park System and to submit on a periodic basis but not later than every 3 years a report to the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate on the findings of such review, together with such recommendations as the Secretary determines necessary. The first report shall be submitted no later than 3 years after November 28, 1990.

16 USC 1a10 - Consultation with affected agencies and organizations

In conducting and preparing the report referred to in section 1a–9 of this title, the Secretary shall consult with appropriate officials of affected Federal, State and local agencies, together with national, regional, and local organizations, including but not limited to holding such public hearings as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to provide a full opportunity for public comment.

16 USC 1a11 - Contents of report

The report shall contain

(a) A comprehensive listing of all authorized but unacquired lands within the exterior boundaries of each unit of the National Park System as of November 28, 1990.

(b) A priority listing of all such unacquired parcels by individual park unit and for the National Park System as a whole. The list shall describe the acreage and ownership of each parcel, the estimated cost of acquisition for each parcel (subject to any statutory acquisition limitations for such lands), and the basis for such estimate.

(c) An analysis and evaluation of the current and future needs of each unit of the National Park System for resource management, interpretation, construction, operation and maintenance, personnel, housing, together with an estimate of the costs thereof.

16 USC 1a12 - Evaluation of proposed boundary changes

Within one year after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall develop criteria to evaluate any proposed changes to the existing boundaries of individual park units including

(a) analysis of whether or not the existing boundary provides for the adequate protection and preservation of the natural, historic, cultural, scenic and recreational resources integral to the unit;

(b) an evaluation of each parcel proposed for addition or deletion to the unit based on the analysis under paragraph (1);^[1]

(c) an assessment of the impact of potential boundary adjustments taking into consideration the factors in paragraph (c)^[2] as well as the effect of the adjustments on the local communities and surrounding area.

[1] So in original. Probably should be paragraph “(a);”.
[2] So in original.

16 USC 1a13 - Proposals for boundary changes

In proposing any boundary change after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall

(a) consult with affected agencies of State and local governments^[1] surrounding communities, affected landowners and private national, regional, and local organizations;

(b) apply the criteria developed pursuant to section 1a–12 of this title and accompany this proposal with a statement reflecting the results of the application of such criteria;

(c) include with such proposal an estimate of the cost for acquisition of any parcels proposed for acquisition together with the basis for the estimate and a statement on the relative priority for the acquisition of each parcel within the priorities for acquisition of other lands for such unit and for the National Park System.

[1] So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

16 USC 1a14 - National Park System advisory committees

(a) Charter
The provisions of section 14(b) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. Appendix; 86 Stat. 776) are hereby waived with respect to any advisory commission or advisory committee established by law in connection with any national park system unit during the period such advisory commission or advisory committee is authorized by law.

(b) Members
In the case of any advisory commission or advisory committee established in connection with any national park system unit, any member of such Commission or Committee may serve after the expiration of his or her term until a successor is appointed.

16 USC 1b - Secretary of the Interiors authorization of additional activities; administration of National Park System

In order to facilitate the administration of the National Park System, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to carry out the following activities, and he may use applicable appropriations for the aforesaid system for the following purposes:

(1) Emergency assistance
Rendering of emergency rescue, fire fighting, and cooperative assistance to nearby law enforcement and fire prevention agencies and for related purposes outside of the National Park System.

(2) Utility facilities; erection and maintenance
The erection and maintenance of fire protection facilities, water lines, telephone lines, electric lines, and other utility facilities adjacent to any area of the said National Park System, where necessary, to provide service in such area.

(3) Transportation of employees of Carlsbad Caverns National Park; rates
Transportation to and from work, outside of regular working hours, of employees of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, residing in or near the city of Carlsbad, New Mexico, such transportation to be between the park and the city, or intervening points, at reasonable rates to be determined by the Secretary of the Interior taking into consideration, among other factors, comparable rates charged by transportation companies in the locality for similar services, the amounts collected for such transportation to be credited to the appropriation current at the time payment is received: Provided, That if adequate transportation facilities are available, or shall be available by any common carrier, at reasonable rates, then and in that event the facilities contemplated by this paragraph shall not be offered.

(4) Utility services for concessioners; reimbursement
Furnishing, on a reimbursement of appropriation basis, all types of utility services to concessioners, contractors, permittees, or other users of such services, within the National Park System: Provided, That reimbursements for cost of such utility services may be credited to the appropriation current at the time reimbursements are received.

(5) Supplies and rental of equipment; reimbursement
Furnishing, on a reimbursement of appropriation basis, supplies, and the rental of equipment to persons and agencies that in cooperation with, and subject to the approval of, the Secretary of the Interior, render services or perform functions that facilitate or supplement the activities of the Department of the Interior in the administration of the National Park System: Provided, That reimbursements hereunder may be credited to the appropriation current at the time reimbursements are received.

(6) Contracts for utility facilities
Contracting, under such terms and conditions as the said Secretary considers to be in the interest of the Federal Government, for the sale, operation, maintenance, repair, or relocation of Government-owned electric and telephone lines and other utility facilities used for the administration and protection of the National Park System, regardless of whether such lines and facilities are located within or outside said system and areas.

(7) Rights-of-way
Acquiring such rights-of-way as may be necessary to construct, improve, and maintain roads within the authorized boundaries of any area of said National Park System and the acquisition also of land and interests in land adjacent to such rights-of-way, when deemed necessary by the Secretary, to provide adequate protection of natural features or to avoid traffic and other hazards resulting from private road access connections, or when the acquisition of adjacent residual tracts, which otherwise would remain after acquiring such rights-of-way, would be in the public interest.

(8) Operation and maintenance of motor and other equipment; rent of equipment; reimbursement
The operation, repair, maintenance, and replacement of motor and other equipment on a reimbursable basis when such equipment is used on Federal projects of the said National Park System, chargeable to other appropriations, or on work of other Federal agencies, when requested by such agencies. Reimbursement shall be made from appropriations applicable to the work on which the equipment is used at rental rates established by the Secretary, based on actual or estimated cost of operation, repair, maintenance, depreciation, and equipment management control and credited to appropriations currently available at the time adjustment is effected, and the Secretary may also rent equipment for fire control purposes to State, county, private, or other non-Federal agencies that cooperate with the Secretary in the administration of the said National Park System and other areas in fire control, such rental to be under the terms of written cooperative agreements, the amount collected for such rentals to be credited to appropriations currently available at the time payment is received.

16 USC 1c - General administration provisions; system defined; particular areas

(a) “National park system” defined
The national park system shall include any area of land and water now or hereafter administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the National Park Service for park, monument, historic, parkway, recreational, or other purposes.

(b) Specific provisions applicable to area; uniform application of sections 1b to 1d and other provisions of this title to all areas when not in conflict with specific provisions; references in other provisions to national parks, monuments, recreation areas, historic monuments, or parkways not a limitation of such other provisions to those areas
Each area within the national park system shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of any statute made specifically applicable to that area. In addition, the provisions of sections 1b to 1d of this title, and the various authorities relating to the administration and protection of areas under the administration of the Secretary of the Interior through the National Park Service, including but not limited to the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended [16 U.S.C. 1, 2, 3, and 4], the Act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1253), as amended (16 U.S.C. 5) relating to rights-of-way, the Act of June 5, 1920 (41 Stat. 917), as amended (16 U.S.C. 6), relating to donation of land and money, sections 1, 4, 5, and 6 of the Act of April 9, 1924 (43 Stat. 90), as amended (16 U.S.C. 8 and 8a–8c), relating to roads and trails, the Act of March 4, 1931 (46 Stat. 1570; 16 U.S.C. 8d), relating to approach roads to national monuments, the Act of June 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 334), as amended (16 U.S.C. 8e–8f), relating to conveyance of roads to States, the Act of August 31, 1954 (68 Stat. 1037), as amended (16 U.S.C. 452a), relating to acquisitions of inholdings, section 1 of the Act of July 3, 1926 (44 Stat. 900), as amended (16 U.S.C. 12), relating to aid to visitors in emergencies, the Act of March 3, 1905 (33 Stat. 873; 16 U.S.C. 10), relating to arrests, sections 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the Act of May 26, 1930 (46 Stat. 381), as amended (16 U.S.C. 17b, 17c, 17d, and 17e), relating to services or other accommodations for the public, emergency supplies and services to concessioners, acceptability of travelers checks, care and removal of indigents, the Act of October 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 696; 16 U.S.C. 20–20g),^[1] relating to concessions, the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, as amended [16 U.S.C. 460l–4 et seq.], and the Act of July 15, 1968 (82 Stat. 355), shall to the extent such provisions are not in conflict with any such specific provision, be applicable to all areas within the national park system and any reference in such Act to national parks, monuments, recreation areas, historic monuments, or parkways shall hereinafter not be construed as limiting such Acts to those areas.

[1] So in original. Statutes at Large citation probably should be “79 Stat. 969”. See References in Text note below.

16 USC 1d - Appropriations

On and after August 8, 1953, applicable appropriations of the National Park Service shall be available for the objects and purposes specified in section 17j–2 of this title.

16 USC 1e - National Capital region arts and cultural affairs; grant program

There is hereby established under the direction of the National Park Service a program to support and enhance artistic and cultural activities in the National Capital region. Eligibility for grants shall be limited to organizations of demonstrated national significance which meet at least two of the additional following criteria:

(1) an annual operating budget in excess of $1,000,000;

(2) an annual audience or visitation of at least 200,000 people;

(3) a paid staff of at least one hundred persons; or

(4) eligibility under the Historic Sites Act of 1935 (16 U.S.C. 462 (e)). Public or private colleges and universities are not eligible for grants under this program. Grants awarded under this section may be used to support general operations and maintenance, security, or special projects. No organization may receive a grant in excess of $500,000 in a single year. The Director of the National Park Service shall establish an application process, appoint a review panel of five qualified persons, at least a majority of whom reside in the National Capital region, and develop other program guidelines and definitions as required. The contractual amounts required for the support of Fords Theater and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts shall be available within the amount herein provided without regard to any other provisions of this section.

16 USC 1f - Challenge cost-share agreement authority

(1) Definitions
For purposes of this subsection:

(A) The term challenge cost-share agreement means any agreement entered into between the Secretary and any cooperator for the purpose of sharing costs or services in carrying out authorized functions and responsibilities of the Secretary of the Interior with respect to any unit or program of the National Park System (as defined in section 1c (a) of this title), any affiliated area, or any designated National Scenic or Historic Trail.

(B) The term cooperator means any State or local government, public or private agency, organization, institution, corporation, individual, or other entity.

(2) Challenge cost-share agreements
The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to negotiate and enter into challenge cost-share agreements with cooperators.

(3) Use of Federal funds
In carrying out challenge cost-share agreements, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to provide the Federal funding share from any funds available to the National Park Service.

16 USC 1g - Cooperative agreements

The National Park Service may in fiscal year 1997 and thereafter enter into cooperative agreements that involve the transfer of National Park Service appropriated funds to State, local and tribal governments, other public entities, educational institutions, and private nonprofit">nonprofit organizations for the public purpose of carrying out National Park Service programs pursuant to section 6305 of title 31 to carry out public purposes of National Park Service programs.

16 USC 1h - Sums provided by private entities for utility services

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in fiscal year 2003 and thereafter, sums provided to the National Park Service by private entities for utility services shall be credited to the appropriate account and remain available until expended.

16 USC 1i - Reimbursable agreements

Heretofore and hereafter, in carrying out the work under reimbursable agreements with any State, local or tribal government, the National Park Service may, without regard to section 1341 of title 31 or any other provision of law or regulation, record obligations against accounts receivable from such entities, and shall credit amounts received from such entities to the appropriate account, such credit to occur within 90 days of the date of the original request by the National Park Service for payment.

16 USC 1j - Cooperative agreements for national park natural resource protection

(a) In general
The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this section as the Secretary) may enter into cooperative agreements with State, local, or tribal governments, other Federal agencies, other public entities, educational institutions, private nonprofit">nonprofit organizations, or participating private landowners for the purpose of protecting natural resources of units of the National Park System through collaborative efforts on land inside and outside of National Park System units.

(b) Terms and conditions
A cooperative agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall provide clear and direct benefits to park natural resources and

(1) provide for

(A) the preservation, conservation, and restoration of coastal and riparian systems, watersheds, and wetlands;

(B) preventing, controlling, or eradicating invasive exotic species that are within a unit of the National Park System or adjacent to a unit of the National Park System; or

(2) include a statement of purpose demonstrating how the agreement will

(A) enhance science-based natural resource stewardship at the unit of the National Park System; and

(B) benefit the parties to the agreement;

(3) specify any staff required and technical assistance to be provided by the Secretary or other parties to the agreement in support of activities inside and outside the unit of the National Park System that will

(A) protect natural resources of the unit of the National Park System; and

(B) benefit the parties to the agreement;

(4) identify any materials, supplies, or equipment and any other resources that will be contributed by the parties to the agreement or by other Federal agencies;

(5) describe any financial assistance to be provided by the Secretary or the partners to implement the agreement;

(6) ensure that any expenditure by the Secretary pursuant to the agreement is determined by the Secretary to support the purposes of natural resource stewardship at a unit of the National Park System; and

(7) include such other terms and conditions as are agreed to by the Secretary and the other parties to the agreement.

(c) Limitations
The Secretary shall not use any funds associated with an agreement entered into under subsection (a) for the purposes of land acquisition, regulatory activity, or the development, maintenance, or operation of infrastructure, except for ancillary support facilities that the Secretary determines to be necessary for the completion of projects or activities identified in the agreement.

(d) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

16 USC 2 - National parks, reservations, and monuments; supervision

The director shall, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, have the supervision, management, and control of the several national parks and national monuments which on August 25, 1916, were under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, and of the Hot Springs National Park in the State of Arkansas, and of such other national parks and reservations of like character as may be created by Congress. In the supervision, management, and control of national monuments contiguous to national forests the Secretary of Agriculture may cooperate with said National Park Service to such extent as may be requested by the Secretary of the Interior.

16 USC 3 - Rules and regulations of national parks, reservations, and monuments; timber; leases

The Secretary of the Interior shall make and publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper for the use and management of the parks, monuments, and reservations under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, and any violation of any of the rules and regulations authorized by this section and sections 1, 2, and 4 of this title shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all cost of the proceedings. He may also, upon terms and conditions to be fixed by him, sell or dispose of timber in those cases where in his judgment the cutting of such timber is required in order to control the attacks of insects or diseases or otherwise conserve the scenery or the natural or historic objects in any such park, monument, or reservation. He may also provide in his discretion for the destruction of such animals and of such plant life as may be detrimental to the use of any of said parks, monuments, or reservations. No natural,^[1] curiosities, wonders, or objects of interest shall be leased, rented, or granted to anyone on such terms as to interfere with free access to them by the public: Provided, however, That the Secretary of the Interior may, under such rules and regulations and on such terms as he may prescribe, grant the privilege to graze livestock within any national park, monument, or reservation herein referred to when in his judgment such use is not detrimental to the primary purpose for which such park, monument, or reservation was created, except that this provision shall not apply to the Yellowstone National Park: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Interior may grant said privileges, leases, and permits and enter into contracts relating to the same with responsible persons, firms, or corporations without advertising and without securing competitive bids: And provided further, That no contract, lease, permit, or privilege granted shall be assigned or transferred by such grantees, permittees, or licensees without the approval of the Secretary of the Interior first obtained in writing.

[1] So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

16 USC 3a - Recovery of costs associated with special use permits

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the National Park Service may on and after November 11, 1993, recover all costs of providing necessary services associated with special use permits, such reimbursements to be credited to the appropriation current at that time.

16 USC 3b - Maintenance and repair of Government improvements under concession contracts

Privileges, leases, and permits granted by the Secretary of the Interior for the use of land for the accommodation of park visitors, pursuant to section 3 of this title, may provide for the maintenance and repair of Government improvements by the grantee notwithstanding the provisions of section 1302 of title 40, or any other provision of law.

16 USC 4 - Rights-of-way through public lands

The provisions of sections 1, 2, and 3 of this title shall not affect or modify the provisions of section 79 of this title.

16 USC 5 - Rights-of-way through parks or reservations for power and communications facilities

The head of the department having jurisdiction over the lands be, and he hereby is, authorized and empowered, under general regulations to be fixed by him, to grant an easement for rights-of-way, for a period not exceeding fifty years from the date of the issuance of such grant, over, across, and upon the public lands and reservations of the United States for electrical poles and lines for the transmission and distribution of electrical power, and for poles and lines for communication purposes, and for radio, television, and other forms of communication transmitting, relay, and receiving structures and facilities, to the extent of two hundred feet on each side of the center line of such lines and poles and not to exceed four hundred feet by four hundred feet for radio, television, and other forms of communication transmitting, relay, and receiving structures and facilities, to any citizen, association, or corporation of the United States, where it is intended by such to exercise the right-of-way herein granted for any one or more of the purposes herein named: Provided, That such right-of-way shall be allowed within or through any national park or any other reservation only upon the approval of the chief officer of the department under whose supervision or control such reservation falls, and upon a finding by him that the same is not incompatible with the public interest: Provided further, That all or any part of such right-of-way may be forfeited and annulled by declaration of the head of the department having jurisdiction over the lands for nonuse for a period of two years or for abandonment. Any citizen, association, or corporation of the United States to whom there has been issued a permit, prior to March 4, 1911, for any of the purposes specified herein under any law existing at that date, may obtain the benefit of this section upon the same terms and conditions as shall be required of citizens, associations, or corporations making application under the provisions of this section subsequent to said date.

16 USC 6 - Donations of lands within national parks and monuments and moneys

The Secretary of the Interior in his administration of the National Park Service is authorized, in his discretion, to accept patented lands, rights-of-way over patented lands or other lands, buildings, or other property within the various national parks and national monuments, and moneys which may be donated for the purposes of the national park and monument system.

16 USC 6a - Repealed. Pub. L. 90209, 2, Dec. 18, 1967, 81 Stat. 656

Section, act July 10, 1935, ch. 375, 4, 49 Stat. 478, related to acceptance of gifts or bequests of money. See section 19g of this title.

16 USC 7 - Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, 1(35), 65 Stat. 702

Section, act Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 1215, related to purchase of supplies or services for National Park Service. See section 5 of Title 41, Public Contracts.

16 USC 7a - Airports in national parks, monuments and recreation areas; construction, etc.

The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter called the Secretary) is authorized to plan, acquire, establish, construct, enlarge, improve, maintain, equip, operate, regulate, and protect airports in the continental United States in, or in close proximity to, national parks, national monuments, and national recreation areas, when such airports are determined by him to be necessary to the proper performance of the functions of the Department of the Interior: Provided, That no such airport shall be acquired, established, or constructed by the Secretary unless such airport is included in the then current revision of the national airport plan formulated by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Airport Act: Provided further, That the operation and maintenance of such airports shall be in accordance with the standards, rules, or regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation.

16 USC 7b - Acquisition of lands for airport use; contracts for operation and maintenance

In order to carry out the purposes of sections 7a to 7e of this title, the Secretary is authorized to acquire necessary lands and interests in or over lands; to contract for the construction, improvement, operation, and maintenance of airports and incidental facilities; to enter into agreements with other public agencies providing for the construction, operation, or maintenance of airports by such other public agencies or jointly by the Secretary and such other public agencies upon mutually satisfactory terms; and to enter into such other agreements and take such other action with respect to such airports as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of said sections: Provided, That nothing in said sections shall be held to authorize the Secretary to acquire any land, or interest in or over land, by purchase, condemnation, grant, or lease without first obtaining the consent of the Governor of the State, and the consent of the State political subdivision in which such land is located: And provided further, That the authorization herein granted shall not exceed $3,500,000.

16 USC 7c - Authorization to sponsor airport projects; use of funds

In order to carry out the purposes of sections 7a to 7e of this title, the Secretary is authorized to sponsor projects under the Federal Airport Act either independently or jointly with other public agencies, and to use, for payment of the sponsors share of the project costs of such projects, any funds that may be contributed or otherwise made available to him for such purpose (receipt of which funds and their use for such purposes is authorized) or may be appropriated or otherwise specifically authorized therefor.

16 USC 7d - Jurisdiction over airports; public operation

All airports under the jurisdiction of the Secretary, unless otherwise specifically provided by law, shall be operated as public airports, available for public use on fair and reasonable terms and without unjust discrimination.

16 USC 7e - Definitions

The terms airport, project, project costs, public agency, and sponsor, as used in sections 7a to 7e of this title, shall have the respective meanings prescribed in the Federal Airport Act.

16 USC 8 - Roads and trails in national parks and monuments; construction, etc.

The Secretary of the Interior, in his administration of the National Park Service, is authorized to construct, reconstruct, and improve roads and trails, inclusive of necessary bridges, in the national parks and monuments under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior.

16 USC 81 - Repealed. Pub. L. 85767, 2[33], Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919

Section, act Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 912, 4(a), 64 Stat. 787, related to administration of appropriations for construction, reconstruction, and improvement of roads and trails in national parks, monuments, and other areas administered by National Park Service. Act Sept. 5, 1940, ch. 715, 8, 54 Stat. 870, which was formerly classified to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 85–767, § 2[23], Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919.

16 USC 8a - National-park approach roads; designation

Whenever the Secretary of the Interior shall determine it to be in the public interest he may designate as national-park approach roads and as supplementary parts of the highway systems of any of the national parks roads whose primary value is to carry national-park travel and which lead across lands wholly or to the extent of 90 per centum owned by the Government of the United States and which will connect the highways within a national park with a convenient point on or leading to the Federal 7 per centum highway system: Provided, That such approach roads so designated shall be limited to not to exceed sixty miles in length between a park gateway and such point on or leading to the nearest convenient 7 per centum system road; or, if such approach road is on the 7 per centum system, it shall be limited to not to exceed thirty miles: Provided further, That not to exceed forty miles of any one approach road shall be designated in any one county.

16 USC 8b - National-park approach roads and roads and trails within national parks and national monuments; construction, improvement, and maintenance; appropriation

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized during the fiscal years 1950 and 1951 to construct, reconstruct, and improve national-park approach roads designated under section 8a of this title, inclusive of necessary bridges, and to enter into agreements for the maintenance thereof by State or county authorities, or to maintain them when otherwise necessary, as well as hereafter to construct, reconstruct, and improve roads and trails within the national parks and national monuments; and for all such purposes there is authorized to be appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the following sums: $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950; the sum of $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951: Provided, That under agreement with the Secretary of the Interior the Secretary of Commerce may carry out any or all of the provisions of this section: Provided further, That not to be exceed $1,500,000 shall be allocated annually for the construction, reconstruction, and improvement of such national-park approach roads: And provided further, That nothing in this section or sections 8, 8a, and 8c of this title shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to hereafter construct, reconstruct, improve, and maintain roads and trails within the national parks and national monuments.

16 USC 8c - National-park approach roads across or within national forests; approval of Secretary of Agriculture

Whenever any approach road is proposed under the terms of this section and sections 8, 8a, and 8b of this title across or within any national forest the Secretary of the Interior shall secure the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture before construction shall begin.

16 USC 8d - National-monument approach roads

Approach roads to national monuments shall be included within the provisions of sections 8 and 8a to 8c of this title under the same conditions as approach roads to national parks, and the limitation therein on the amount of annual allocation of funds to national park approach roads shall be inclusive of such national monument approaches.

16 USC 8e - Conveyance to States of roads leading to certain historical areas; conditions; jurisdiction

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized in his discretion, subject to such conditions as may seem to him proper, to convey by proper quitclaim deed to any State, county, municipality, or proper agency thereof, in which the same is located, all the right, title, and interest of the United States in and to any Government owned or controlled road leading to any national cemetery, national military park, national historical park, national battlefield park, or national historic site administered by the National Park Service. Prior to the delivery of any conveyance under this section and section 8f of this title, the State, county, or municipality to which the conveyance authorized in this section is to be made shall notify the Secretary of the Interior in writing of its willingness to accept and maintain the road or roads included in such conveyance. Upon the execution and delivery of any conveyance authorized in this section, any jurisdiction heretofore ceded to the United States by a State over the roads conveyed shall thereby cease and determine and shall thereafter vest and be in the particular State in which such roads are located.

16 USC 8f - Roads leading to certain historical areas; State defined

The word State as used in section 8e of this title includes Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

16 USC 9 - Repealed. June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title VI, 602(a)(12), 63 Stat. 400, eff. July 1, 1949; renumbered Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, 6(a), (b), 64 Stat. 583

Section, act Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 1215, related to exchange of motor vehicles and equipment as part consideration in purchase of new equipment.

16 USC 9a - Government of parks, etc.; violation of regulations as misdemeanor

The Secretary of the Army is authorized to prescribe and publish such regulations as he deems necessary for the proper government and protection of, and maintenance of good order in, national military parks, national parks, battlefield sites, national monuments, and miscellaneous memorials as are now or hereafter may be under the control of the Department of the Army; and any person who knowingly and willfully violates any such regulation shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of not more than $100 or by imprisonment for not more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

10, 10a. Repealed. Pub. L. 91383, 10(a)(2), (3), as added Pub. L. 94458, 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1941

Section 10, act Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1405, 33 Stat. 873, authorized National Park Service employees to arrest and prosecute persons violating the laws and regulations relating to the national forests and national parks. Act Mar. 3, 1905, insofar as it relates to the Forest Service, is classified to section 559 of this title. Pub. L. 91–383, § 10(a), as amended, amended act Mar. 3, 1905, to delete references to the National Park Service and the national parks. Authority to maintain law and order within areas of the National Park System is now covered by section 1a–6 of this title. Section 10a, act Mar. 2, 1933, ch. 180, 2, 47 Stat. 1420, related to the authorization of commissioners, superintendents, caretakers, officers, or guards of national military parks, national parks, battlefield sites, national monuments, and miscellaneous memorials, to arrest and prosecute persons for violations of any of the regulations prescribed pursuant to section 9a of this title.

16 USC 11 - Medical attention for employees

The Secretary of the Interior in his administration of the National Park Service is authorized to contract for medical attention and service for employees and to make necessary pay-roll deductions agreed to by the employees therefor.

16 USC 12 - Aid to visitors in emergencies

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to aid and assist visitors within the national parks or national monuments in emergencies, and when no other source is available for the procurement of food or supplies, by the sale, at cost, of food or supplies in quantities sufficient to enable them to reach safely a point where such food or supplies can be purchased: Provided, That the receipts from such sales shall be deposited as a refund to the appropriation or appropriations current at the date of covering in of such deposit and shall be available for the purchase of similar food or supplies.

16 USC 13 - Medical attention to employees at isolated places; removal of bodies for burial

The Secretary of the Interior, in his discretion, is authorized to provide, out of moneys appropriated for the general expense of the several national parks and national monuments, medical attention for employees of the National Park Service located at isolated situations, including the moving of such employees to hospitals or other places where medical assistance is available, and in case of death to remove the bodies of deceased employees to the nearest place where they can be prepared for shipment or for burial.

16 USC 14 - Repealed. Pub. L. 88578, 2(a), Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 899

Section, acts Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 137, 1, 45 Stat. 238; Mar. 4, 1929, ch. 705, 1, 45 Stat. 1602, prohibited expenditure of appropriations for National Park Service where campground privileges are charged for by the Park Service.

16 USC 14a - Appropriations; availability for printing information and signs

Appropriations made for the National Park Service shall be available for the printing of information and directional signs made of cloth and required in the administration of areas under its jurisdiction.

16 USC 14b - Credits of receipts for meals and quarters furnished Government employees in the field

Cash collections and pay-roll deductions made for meals and quarters furnished by the National Park Service to employees of the Government in the field and to cooperating agencies may be credited as a reimbursement to the current appropriation for the administration of the park or monument in which the accommodations are furnished.

16 USC 14c - Availability for expense of recording donated lands

Appropriations made for the National Park Service shall be available for any expenses incident to the preparation and recording of title evidence covering lands to be donated to the United States for administration by the National Park Service.

16 USC 14d - Use of funds for law enforcement and emergencies

On and after October 5, 1992, any funds, not to exceed $250,000 per incident, available to the National Park Service may be used, with the approval of the Secretary, to maintain law and order in emergency and other unforeseen law enforcement situations and conduct emergency search and rescue operations in the National Park System: Provided further, That any exercise of this authority must be replenished by a supplemental appropriation which must be requested as promptly as possible.

16 USC 14e - Contribution for annuity benefits

For reimbursement (not heretofore made), pursuant to provisions of Public Law 85157, to the District of Columbia on a monthly basis for benefit payments by the District of Columbia to United States Park Police annuitants under the provisions of the Policeman and Firemans Retirement and Disability Act (Act), to the extent those payments exceed contributions made by active Park Police members covered under the Act, such amounts as hereafter may be necessary: Provided, That hereafter the appropriations made to the National Park Service shall not be available for this purpose.

16 USC 15 - Appropriations for purchase of equipment; waterproof footwear

Appropriations whenever made for the National Park Service, which are available for the purchase of equipment may be used for purchase of waterproof footwear which shall be regarded and listed as park equipment.

16 USC 16 - Central warehouses at parks and monuments; maintenance; purchase of supplies and materials; distribution

The Secretary of the Interior, in his administration of the national parks and national monuments, is authorized to maintain central warehouses at said parks and monuments, and appropriations made for the administration, protection, maintenance, and improvement of the said parks and monuments shall be available for the purchase of supplies and materials to be kept in said central warehouses for distribution at cost, including transportation and handling, to projects under specific appropriations, and transfers between the various appropriations made for the national parks and national monuments are authorized for the purpose of charging the cost of supplies and materials, including transportation and handling, drawn from central warehouses maintained under this authority to the particular appropriation benefited; and such supplies and materials as remain therein at the end of any fiscal year shall be continuously available for issuance during subsequent fiscal years and to be charged for by such transfers of funds between appropriations made for the administration, protection, maintenance, and improvement of said parks and monuments for the fiscal year then current without decreasing in any way the appropriations made for that fiscal year: Provided, That supplies and materials shall not be purchased solely for the purpose of increasing the value of storehouse stock beyond reasonable requirements for any current fiscal year.

16 USC 17 - Personal equipment and supplies for employees; purchase by Secretary of the Interior; deductions from moneys due employees

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to purchase personal equipment and supplies for employees of the National Park Service, and to make deductions therefor from moneys appropriated for salary payments or otherwise due such employees.

16 USC 17a - Repealed. Pub. L. 89554, 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 647

Section, act May 26, 1930, ch. 324, 2, 46 Stat. 382, provided for travel allowances and mileage for administration of National Park Service.

16 USC 17b - Services or other accommodations for public; contracts; rates

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to contract for services or other accommodations provided in the national parks and national monuments for the public under contract with the Department of the Interior, as may be required in the administration of the National Park Service, at rates approved by him for the furnishing of such services or accommodations to the Government and without compliance with the provisions of section 5 of title 41.

16 USC 17b1 - Repealed. Pub. L. 105391, title IV, 415(b)(3), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3516

Section, acts July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 1, 67 Stat. 271; July 14, 1956, ch. 598, 70 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 91–383, § 12(c), as added Pub. L. 94–458, § 2, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1943, related to transmittal of reports of proposed contract and lease awards to Congressional officers by Secretary.

16 USC 17c - Procurement of supplies, materials, and special services to aid permittees and licensees in emergencies; authority of Secretary of the Interior

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized in emergencies, when no other source is available for the immediate procurement of supplies, materials, or special services, to aid and assist grantees, permittees, or licensees conducting operations for the benefit of the public in the national parks and national monuments by the sale at cost, including transportation and handling of such supplies, materials, or special services as may be necessary to relieve the emergency and insure uninterrupted service to the public: Provided, That the receipts from such sales shall be deposited as a refund to the appropriation or appropriations current at the date of covering in of such deposit, and shall be available for expenditure for national-park and national-monument purposes.

16 USC 17d - Omitted

16 USC 17e - Care and removal of indigents; disposition of dead persons

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized, in his discretion, to provide, out of moneys appropriated for the general expenses of the several national parks, for the temporary care and removal from the park of indigents, and in case of death to provide for their burial in those national parks not under local jurisdiction for these purposes, this section in no case to authorize transportation of such indigent or dead for a distance of more than fifty miles from the national park.

16 USC 17f - Property of employee lost, damaged, or destroyed while in use on official business; reimbursement of employee

The Secretary of the Interior in his administration of the National Park Service is authorized to reimburse employees and other owners of horses, vehicles, and other equipment lost, damaged, or destroyed while in the custody of such employee or the Department of the Interior, under authorization, contract, or loan, for necessary fire fighting, trail, or other official business, such reimbursement to be made from any available funds in the appropriation to which the hire of such equipment would be properly chargeable.

16 USC 17g - Equipment required by field employees; by whom furnished and maintained

The Secretary of the Interior may require field employees of the National Park Service to furnish horses, motor and other vehicles, and miscellaneous equipment necessary for the performance of their official work; and he may provide, at Government expense, forage, care, and housing for animals, and housing or storage and fuel for vehicles and other equipment so required to be furnished.

16 USC 17h - Hire, rental, and purchase of property of employees; when authorized

The Secretary of the Interior may, under such regulations as he may prescribe, authorize the hire, rental, or purchase of property from employees of the National Park Service whenever the public interest will be promoted thereby.

16 USC 17i - Hire of work animals, vehicles and equipment with or without personal services; rates

The National Park Service may hire, with or without personal services, work animals and animal-drawn and motor-propelled vehicles and equipment at rates to be approved by the Secretary of the Interior and without compliance with the provisions of sections 5 and 16 of title 41.

16 USC 17j - Traveling expenses of National Park System employees and dependents of deceased employees

In the administration of the National Park System, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized, under regulations prescribed by him, to pay

(a) the traveling expenses of employees, including the costs of packing, crating, and transporting (including draying) their personal property, upon permanent change of station of such employees and

(b) the traveling expenses as aforesaid of dependents of deceased employees

(i) to the nearest housing reasonably available and of a standard not less than that which is vacated, and to include compensation for not to exceed sixty days rental cost thereof, in the case of an employee who occupied Government housing and the death of such employee requires that housing to be promptly vacated, and

(ii) to the nearest port of entry in the conterminous forty-eight States in the case of an employee whose last permanent station was outside the conterminous forty-eight States.

16 USC 17j1 - Omitted

16 USC 17j2 - Authorization of appropriations for road maintenance and repair; administrative expenses; lectures, investigations, telephone service, etc.

Appropriations for the National Park Service are authorized for

(a) Necessary protection of the area of federally owned land in the custody of the National Park Service known as the Ocean Strip and Queets Corridor, adjacent to Olympic National Park, Washington; necessary repairs to the roads from Glacier Park Station through the Blackfeet Indian Reservation to the various points in the boundary line of Glacier National Park, Montana, and the international boundary; repair and maintenance of approximately two and seventy-seven one-hundredths miles of road leading from United States Highway 187 to the north entrance of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming; maintenance of approach roads through the Lassen National Forest leading to Lassen Volcanic National Park, California; maintenance and repair of the Generals Highway between the boundaries of Sequoia National Park, California, and the Grant Grove section of Kings Canyon National Park, California; maintenance of approximately two and one-fourth miles of roads comprising those portions of the Fresno-Kings Canyon approach road, Park Ridge Lookout Road, and Ash Mountain-Advance truck trail, necessary to the administration and protection of the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks; maintenance of the roads in the national forests leading out of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana; maintenance of the road in the Stanislaus National Forest connecting the Tioga Road with the Hetch Hetchy Road near Mather Station, Yosemite National Park, California; and maintenance and repair of the approach road to the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument and the road connecting the said monument with the Reno Monument site, Montana; repair and maintenance of the class C road lying between the terminus of F.A. 383 at the east boundary of Coronado National Forest and the point where said class C road enters Coronado National Memorial in the vicinity of Montezuma Pass, approximately 5.3 miles.

(b) Administration, protection, improvement, and maintenance of areas, under the jurisdiction of other agencies of the Government, devoted to recreational use pursuant to cooperative agreements.

(c) Necessary local transportation and subsistence in kind of persons selected for employment or as cooperators, serving without other compensation, while attending fire-protection training camps.

(d) Administration, protection, maintenance, and improvement of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.

(e) Educational lectures in or in the vicinity of and with respect to the national parks, national monuments, and other reservations under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service; and services of field employees in cooperation with such nonprofit">nonprofit scientific and historical societies engaged in educational work in the various parks and monuments as the Secretary of the Interior may designate.

(f) Travel expenses of employees attending Government camps for training in forest-fire prevention and suppression and the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Police Academy, and attending Federal, State, or municipal schools for training in building fire prevention and suppression.

(g) Investigation and establishment of water rights in accordance with local custom, laws, and decisions of courts, including the acquisition of water rights or of lands or interests in lands or rights-of-way for use and protection of water rights necessary or beneficial in the administration and public use of the national parks and monuments.

(h) Acquisition of rights-of-way and construction and maintenance of a water supply line partly outside the boundaries of Mesa Verde National Park.

(i) Official telephone service in the field in the case of official telephones installed in private houses when authorized under regulations established by the Secretary.

(j) Provide transportation for children in nearby communities to and from any unit of the National Park System used in connection with organized recreation and interpretive programs of the National Park Service.

16 USC 17k - Park, parkway and recreational-area programs; study by National Park Service; consent of States; purpose; cooperation of government agencies

The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the Secretary) is authorized and directed to cause the National Park Service to make a comprehensive study, other than on lands under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, of the public park, parkway, and recreational-area programs of the United States, and of the several States and political subdivisions thereof, and of the lands throughout the United States which are or may be chiefly valuable as such areas, but no such study shall be made in any State without the consent and approval of the State officials, boards, or departments having jurisdiction over such lands and park areas. The said study shall be such as, in the judgment of the Secretary, will provide data helpful in developing a plan for coordinated and adequate public park, parkway, and recreational-area facilities for the people of the United States. In making the said study and in accomplishing any of the purposes of this section and sections 17l to 17n of this title, the Secretary is authorized and directed, through the National Park Service, to seek and accept the cooperation and assistance of Federal departments or agencies having jurisdiction of lands belonging to the United States, and may cooperate and make agreements with and seek and accept the assistance of other Federal agencies and instrumentalities, and of States and political subdivisions thereof and the agencies and instrumentalities of either of them.

16 USC 17l - Coordination; planning by States with aid of National Park Service

For the purpose of developing coordinated and adequate public park, parkway, and recreational-area facilities for the people of the United States, the Secretary is authorized to aid the several States and political subdivisions thereof in planning such areas therein, and in cooperating with one another to accomplish these ends. Such aid shall be made available through the National Park Service acting in cooperation with such State agencies or agencies of political subdivisions of States as the Secretary deems best.

16 USC 17m - Consent of Congress to agreements between States; when agreements effective

The consent of Congress is given to any two or more States to negotiate and enter into compacts or agreements with one another with reference to planning, establishing, developing, improving, and maintaining any park, parkway, or recreational area. No such compact or agreement shall be effective until approved by the legislatures of the several States which are parties thereto and by the Congress of the United States.

16 USC 17n - State defined

As used in sections 17k and 17l of this title the term State shall be deemed to include Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia.

16 USC 17o - National Park Service housing improvement

(1) Purposes
The purposes of this section are

(A) to develop where necessary an adequate supply of quality housing units for field employees of the National Park Service within a reasonable time frame;

(B) to expand the alternatives available for construction and repair of essential Government housing;

(C) to rely on the private sector to finance or supply housing in carrying out this section, to the maximum extent possible, in order to reduce the need for Federal appropriations;

(D) to ensure that adequate funds are available to provide for long-term maintenance needs of field employee housing; and

(E) to eliminate unnecessary Government housing and locate such housing as is required in a manner such that primary resource values are not impaired.

(2) General authority
To enhance the ability of the Secretary of the Interior (hereafter in this section referred to as the Secretary), acting through the Director of the National Park Service, to effectively manage units of the National Park System, the Secretary is authorized where necessary and justified to make available employee housing, on or off the lands under the administrative jurisdiction of the National Park Service, and to rent or lease such housing to field employees of the National Park Service at rates based on the reasonable value of the housing in accordance with requirements applicable under section 5911 of title 5.

(3) Review and revision of housing criteria
On November 12, 1996, the Secretary shall review and revise the existing criteria under which housing is provided to employees of the National Park Service. Specifically, the Secretary shall examine the existing criteria with respect to what circumstances the National Park Service requires an employee to occupy Government quarters to provide necessary services, protect Government property, or because of a lack of availability of non-Federal housing in the geographic area.

(4) Submission of report
A report detailing the results of the revisions required by paragraph (3) shall be submitted to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate not later than 180 days after November 12, 1996. The report shall include justifications for keeping, or for changing, each of the criteria or factors used by the Department of the Interior with regard to the provision of housing to employees of the National Park Service.

(5) Review of condition of and costs relating to housing
Using the revised criteria developed under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall undertake a review, for each unit of the National Park System, of existing government-owned^[1] housing provided to employees of the National Park Service. The review shall include an assessment of the physical condition of such housing and the suitability of such housing to effectively carry out the missions of the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. For each unit of such housing, the Secretary shall determine whether the unit is needed and justified. The review shall include estimates of the cost of bringing each unit that is needed and justified into usable condition that meets all applicable legal housing requirements or, if the unit is determined to be obsolete but is still warranted to carry out the missions of the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service, the cost of replacing the unit.

(6) Authorization for housing agreements
For those units of the National Park System for which the review required by paragraphs (3) and (5) has been completed, the Secretary is authorized, pursuant to the authorities contained in this section and subject to the appropriation of necessary funds in advance, to enter into housing agreements with housing entities under which such housing entities may develop, construct, rehabilitate, or manage housing, located on or off public lands, for rent or lease to National Park Service employees who meet the housing eligibility criteria developed by the Secretary pursuant to this section.

(7) Joint public-private sector housing programs

(A) Lease to build program
Subject to the appropriation of necessary funds in advance, the Secretary may

(i) lease Federal land and interests in land to qualified persons for the construction of field employee quarters for any period not to exceed 50 years; and

(ii) lease developed and undeveloped non-Federal land for providing field employee quarters.

(B) Competitive leasing
Each lease under subparagraph (A)(i) shall be awarded through the use of publicly advertised, competitively bid, or competitively negotiated contracting procedures.

(i) shall stipulate whether operation and maintenance of field employee quarters is to be provided by the lessee, field employees or the Federal Government;

(ii) shall require that the construction and rehabilitation of field employee quarters be done in accordance with the requirements of the National Park Service and local applicable building codes and industry standards;

(iii) shall contain such additional terms and conditions as may be appropriate to protect the Federal interest, including limits on rents the lessee may charge field employees for the occupancy of quarters, conditions on maintenance and repairs, and agreements on the provision of charges for utilities and other infrastructure; and

(iv) may be granted at less than fair market value if the Secretary determines that such lease will improve the quality and availability of field employee quarters available.

(D) Contributions by United States
The Secretary may make payments, subject to appropriations, or contributions in kind either in advance of or on a continuing basis to reduce the costs of planning, construction, or rehabilitation of quarters on or off Federal lands under a lease under this paragraph.

(8) Rental guarantee program

(A) General authority
Subject to the appropriation of necessary funds in advance, the Secretary may enter into a lease to build arrangement as set forth in paragraph (7) with further agreement to guarantee the occupancy of field employee quarters constructed or rehabilitated under such lease. A guarantee made under this paragraph shall be in writing.

(B) Limitations
The Secretary may not guarantee

(i) the occupancy of more than 75 percent of the units constructed or rehabilitated under such lease; and

(ii) at a rental rate that exceeds the rate based on the reasonable value of the housing in accordance with requirements applicable under section 5911 of title 5. In no event shall outstanding guarantees be in excess of $3,000,000,^[2]

(C) Rental to Government employees
A guarantee may be made under this section only if the lessee agrees to permit the Secretary to utilize for housing purposes any units for which the guarantee is made^[3]

(D) Failure to maintain a satisfactory level of operation and maintenance
The lease shall be null and void if the lessee fails to maintain a satisfactory level of operation and maintenance.

(9) Joint development authority
The Secretary may use authorities granted by statute in combination with one another in the furtherance of providing where necessary and justified affordable field employee housing.

(10) Contracts for the management of field employee quarters

(A) General authority
Subject to the appropriation of necessary funds in advance, the Secretary may enter into contracts of any duration for the management, repair, and maintenance of field employee quarters.

(B) Terms and conditions
Any such contract shall contain such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of the United States and assure that necessary quarters are available to field employees.

(11) Leasing of seasonal employee quarters

(A) General authority
Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may lease quarters at or near a unit of the national park system for use as seasonal quarters for field employees. The rent charged to field employees under such a lease shall be a rate based on the reasonable value of the quarters in accordance with requirements applicable under section 5911 of title 5.

(B) Limitation
The Secretary may only issue a lease under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary finds that there is a shortage of adequate and affordable seasonal quarters at or near such unit and that

(i) the requirement for such seasonal field employee quarters is temporary; or

(ii) leasing would be more cost-effective than construction of new seasonal field employee quarters.

(C) Unrecovered costs
The Secretary may pay the unrecovered costs of leasing seasonal quarters under this paragraph from annual appropriations for the year in which such lease is made.

(12) Survey of existing facilities
The Secretary shall

(A) complete a condition assessment for all field employee housing, including the physical condition of such housing and the necessity and suitability of such housing for carrying out the agency mission, using existing information; and

(B) develop an agency-wide priority listing, by structure, identifying those units in greatest need for repair, rehabilitation, replacement, or initial construction.

(13) Use of housing-related funds
Expenditure of any funds authorized and appropriated for new construction, repair, or rehabilitation of housing under this section shall follow the housing priority listing established by the agency under paragraph (12), in sequential order, to the maximum extent practicable.

(14) Annual budget submittal
The Presidents proposed budget to Congress for the first fiscal year beginning after November 12, 1996, and for each subsequent fiscal year, shall include identification of nonconstruction funds to be spent for National Park Service housing maintenance and operations which are in addition to rental receipts collected.

(15) Study of housing allowances
Within 12 months after November 12, 1996, the Secretary shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of providing eligible employees of the National Park Service with housing allowances rather than Government housing. The study shall specifically examine the feasibility of providing rental allowances to temporary and lower paid permanent employees. Whenever the Secretary submits a copy of such study to the Office of Management and Budget, he shall concurrently transmit copies of the report to the Resources Committee of the United States House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate.

(16) Study of sale of employee housing
Within 18 months of November 12, 1996, the Secretary shall complete a study of the sale of Government quarters to a cooperative consisting of field employees. The Secretary shall examine the potential benefits to the Government as well as the employees and any risks associated with such a program.

(17) General provisions

(A) Construction limitations on Federal lands
The Secretary may not utilize any lands for the purposes of providing field employee housing under this section which will impact primary resource values of the area or adversely affect the mission of the agency.

(B) Rental rates
To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall establish rental rates for all quarters occupied by field employees of the National Park Service that are based on the reasonable value of the quarters in accordance with requirements applicable under section 5911 of title 5.

(C) Exemption from leasing requirements
The provisions of section 460l–22 of this title and section 1302 of title 40 shall not apply to leases issued by the Secretary under this section.

(18) Proceeds
The proceeds from any lease under paragraph (7)(A) and any lease under paragraph (11) shall be retained by the National Park Service. Such proceeds shall be deposited into the special fund established for maintenance and operation of quarters.

(19) Definitions
For purposes of this section:

(A) The term field employee means

(i) an employee of the National Park Service who is exclusively assigned by the National Park Service to perform duties at a field unit, and the members of their family; and

(ii) other individuals who are authorized to occupy Government quarters under section 5911 of title 5, and for whom there is no feasible alternative to the provision of Government housing, and the members of their family.

(B) The term land management agency means the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.

(C) The term primary resource values means resources which are specifically mentioned in the enabling legislation for that field unit or other resource value recognized under Federal statute.

(D) The term quarters means quarters owned or leased by the Government.

(E) The term seasonal quarters means quarters typically occupied by field employees who are hired on assignments of 6 months or less.

[1] So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
[2] So in original. The comma probably should be a period.
[3] So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

16 USC 18 - Promotion of tourist travel

The Secretary of Commerce shall encourage, promote, and develop travel within the United States, including any Commonwealth, territory, and possession thereof, through activities which are in the public interest and which do not compete with activities of any State, city, or private agency.

16 USC 18a - Cooperation with travel agencies; publication of information

In carrying out the purposes of sections 18 to 18d of this title, the Secretary is authorized to cooperate with public and private tourist, travel, and other agencies in the display of exhibits, and in the collection, publication, and dissemination of information with respect to places of interest, routes, transportation facilities, accommodations, and such other matters as he deems advisable and advantageous for the purpose of encouraging, promoting, or developing such travel. Nothing in said sections shall prohibit the preparation of graphic materials in foreign languages, designed to call attention to the attractions and places of interest in the United States and to encourage the use of American registered ships and planes. The existing facilities of the United States Government in foreign countries are authorized to assist in the distribution of this material. The Secretary may enter into contracts with private publishers for such printing and binding as he may deem advisable in carrying out the purposes of said sections. The Secretary is also authorized to make charges for any publications made available to the public pursuant to said sections; and any proceeds from the sale of publications produced by the expenditure of contributed funds shall continue to be available for printing and binding as aforesaid.

16 USC 18b - Advisory committee for promotion of tourist travel; expenses

The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to create an advisory committee to consist of a representative from each of the Departments of State, Agriculture, and Commerce, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Department of Transportation, as may be designated by such Departments or agencies, respectively, and such additional members, representatives of the various sections of the Nation, including transportation and accommodations agencies, not to exceed six members, to be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce to serve at his pleasure. Meetings of the committee shall be held at the request of the Secretary for the purpose of making recommendations concerning the promotion of tourist travel under the provisions of sections 18 to 18d of this title. The members of the committee shall receive no compensation for their services as members, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for such necessary travel and other expenses in connection with their attendance at committee meetings as may be authorized or approved by the Secretary.

16 USC 18c - Rules and regulations; employees

In the performance of his functions and duties under the provisions of sections 18 to 18d of this title, the Secretary of Commerce is authorized

(a) To prescribe, amend, and repeal such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary, and to accept contributions for carrying out the purposes of said sections; and

(b) To employ, subject to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, one special assistant and not to exceed five artists and illustrators.

16 USC 18d - Authorization of appropriations

For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sections 18 to 18d of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $2,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976; $625,000 for the transition period of July 1, 1976, through September 30, 1976; $2,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and $2,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978.

16 USC 18e - Repealed. Sept. 20, 1941, ch. 412, title V, 541(c), 55 Stat. 710

Section, act June 28, 1941, ch. 259, 1, 55 Stat. 350, exempted national park, etc., admission fees from all Federal tax on admissions. Act Sept. 20, 1941, was made effective on, and applicable only with respect to the period beginning with Oct. 1, 1941, by section 550 (a) thereof.

16 USC 18f - Management of museum properties

The purpose of this section and sections 18f–2 and 18f–3 of this title shall be to increase the public benefits from museums established within the individual areas administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the National Park Service as a means of informing the public concerning the areas and preserving valuable objects and relics relating thereto. The Secretary of the Interior, notwithstanding other provisions or limitations of law, may perform the following functions in such manner as he shall consider to be in the public interest:

(a) Donations and bequests
Accept donations and bequests of money or other personal property, and hold, use, expend, and administer the same for purposes of this section and sections 18f–2 and 18f–3 of this title;

(b) Purchases
Purchase museum objects, museum collections, and other personal properties at prices he considers to be reasonable;

(c) Exchanges
Make exchanges by accepting museum objects, museum collections, and other personal properties, and by granting in exchange therefor museum property under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary which is no longer needed or which may be held in duplicate among the museum properties administered by the Secretary, such exchanges to be consummated on a basis which the Secretary considers to be equitable and in the public interest;

(d) Accepting loans of museum objects
Accept the loan of museum objects, museum collections, and other personal properties and pay transportation costs incidental thereto, such loans to be accepted upon terms and conditions which he shall consider necessary; and

(e) Making loans of museum objects
Loan to responsible public or private organizations, institutions, or agencies, without cost to the United States, such museum objects, museum collections, and other personal property as he shall consider advisable, such loans to be made upon terms and conditions which he shall consider necessary to protect the public interest in such properties.

16 USC 18f1 - Disposal of unnecessary or duplicate museum objects; use of proceeds

In fiscal year 1991 and thereafter, the Secretary may exercise the authorities granted in section 18f of this title in administration of the Department of the Interior Museum, and may dispose of objects no longer needed for the Museum or held in duplicate among museum properties and apply the proceeds to the purchase of museum objects, museum collections, and other personal properties at reasonable prices.

16 USC 18f2 - Additional functions

(a) Museum objects and collections
In addition to the functions specified in section 18f of this title, the Secretary of the Interior may perform the following functions in such manner as he shall consider to be in the public interest:

(1) Transfer museum objects and museum collections that the Secretary determines are no longer needed for museum purposes to qualified Federal agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution, that have programs to preserve and interpret cultural or natural heritage, and accept the transfer of museum objects and museum collections for the purposes of this section and sections 18f and 18f–3 of this title from any other Federal agency, without reimbursement. The head of any other Federal agency may transfer, without reimbursement, museum objects and museum collections directly to the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior for the purpose of this section and sections 18f and 18f–3 of this title.

(2) Convey museum objects and museum collections that the Secretary determines are no longer needed for museum purposes, without monetary consideration but subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems necessary, to private institutions exempt from Federal taxation under section 501 (c)(3) of title 26 and to non-Federal governmental entities if the Secretary determines that the recipient is dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of natural or cultural heritage and is qualified to manage the property, prior to any conveyance under this subsection.

(3) Destroy or cause to be destroyed museum objects and museum collections that the Secretary determines to have no scientific, cultural, historic, educational, esthetic, or monetary value.

(b) Review and approval
The Secretary shall ensure that museum collections are treated in a careful and deliberate manner that protects the public interest. Prior to taking any action under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall establish a systematic review and approval process, including consultation with appropriate experts, that meets the highest standards of the museum profession for all actions taken under this section.

16 USC 18f3 - Application and definitions

(a) Application
Authorities in this section and sections 18f and 18f–2 of this title shall be available to the Secretary of the Interior with regard to museum objects and museum collections that were under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary for the purposes of the National Park System before November 12, 1996, as well as those museum objects and museum collections that may be acquired on or after November 12, 1996.

(b) Definitions
For the purposes of this section and sections 18f and 18f–2 of this title, the terms museum objects and museum collections mean objects that are eligible to be or are made part of a museum, library, or archive collection through a formal procedure, such as accessioning. Such objects are usually movable and include but are not limited to prehistoric and historic artifacts, works of art, books, documents, photographs, and natural history specimens.