822
73
FEDERAL REPORTER.
Genesee Salt Company that this was a imitation of their goods, Burnap & Burnap sent out 5,000 circulars making clear the and that 't4eir salt was Genesee County Salt, asdistinguished from the salt of the Genesee salt Company. The court below was of opinion that it would sufficiently protect the complainants from unfair competition to require that the word "Co." should be written out in full, so as to read "Oounty," and that the defendants should be enjoined from r'epresentlng in any way that the salt of the defendants was the salt of the complainant; but the court was of opinion that it ought not to enjoin the defendants from using the words "Genesee County Salt" and "Genesee Salt" i;n the sale of salt actually manufactured in Genesee county, when those words were used w:itP.Qut abbreviation, and not in imitation of the trade-mark of the 'complainant, as set forth in the bill. On the whole case, we think that the conrt gave the complainant all that it was entitled to. If the defendants had been persistently palming off their goods as the goods of the complainant, equitable relief might have gone to the e.,dent of enjoining the use of the word "Genesee" by defendants ;O"\1t, by their circulars, the defendants, if they ever had any pnrpose to pirate the business of the' Genesee Salt Company by use of tbe words "Genesee Co.," abandoned it, and explained to the publie what was the fact, namely, that their salt was made in Genesee county. 'rhey may rightfully call it "Genesee Salt," or "Genesee County Salt," provided they do not mislead the public into buying their salt as the salt of the complainant. Under the restrictions of the decree of the circuit court, we do not think there is any evidence that they are doing this, or intend to do it. The decree is affirmed. KLOTZ v.HECHT. (Circuit Court, S.. D. New York. UNFAIR COMPETITION-LABELs.'
It appears that, imme!liately upon thecomp\aint .being made by the
April 17, 1896.)
One E. P., in 184D, began in Paris, France, the business of manufacturing toilet preparations, which became well and favorably known in Europe and the United States, in connection with the name of E. P. The business was continued: by a firm of which E. P. was a member, under the name "Parfumerie E. P.," and by plaintiff, to whom the business and all trade-marks, etc., were' sold. In 1895, defendant, who had been in plaintiff's employ, began the manufacture and sale of certain toilet preparations, with the same names as,.plaintiff's, which were manufactured in the United States, but were marked with labels in the French language, and devised, as admitted by defendant, to give the impression that the goods were French. 'Defendant also placed on his labels a statement that he was "formerly with" the Parfumerie E. P., arranging the names in such a.manner as tp. give the impression that the latter was the name of the manufacturer, lind he placed upon. them a picture closely resembling a picture used on plaintiff's labels. Held, that it appeared that uetendant was attempting to palm off his goods as plaintiff's, and 'that the use of such labels should be enjoined.
Application for restraining qrder to continue until final hearing of the cause.
KLOTZV. HECHT.
823
James L. Bishop, for the motion. William G. Witter, opposed. LAOOMBE, Oircuit JUdge. Edouard Pinaud, about the year 1840, embarked in business in Paris, France, as manufacturer of and dealer in various toilet preparations. His goods became well and favorably known in the trade and to the public, and the name "Ed. Pinaud" has for many years been associated with such preparations, as one of the distinguishing marks thereof. In 1852, Pinaud formed a partnership with one Emile Meyer, continuing the business under the names "Ed. Pinaud," or "Parfumerie Ed. Pinaud." Upon his death, in 1868, all the firm property, trade-marks, names, and good will passed to the survivor, and subsequently, and long prior to the commencement of this suit, the same were purchased by and duly transferred to complainant, who has ever since continued to deal largely in these goods throughout the United States, and has expended large sums of money yearly in advertising the same. The goods he sells are made and put up at the old Pinaud establishment abroad, and are sold here in large quantities, mainly because of the reputation acquired during the many ;years in which the "Ed. Pinaud" preparations have been in the market. Among the goods thus prepared and sold are an "Extrait Vegetal" and an "Eau de Quinine," both being toilet preparations for the head. Defendant was in the employ of complainant from 1891 to 1895. After leaving, he began to put up and sell toilet preparations known as "Extrait Vegetal" and "Eau de Quinine," which complainant now seeks to enjoin. The defendant's preparations, contents, bottles, labels, and stoppers are all made in this country. The labels, however, are printed in French, avowedly for the purpose of inducing a belief on the part of the purchaser that he is getting an imported article. In excuse for this attempt at deception it is suggested that toilet preparations would not sell readily unless they were presented to the public in a French dress. It is true that defendant nowhere expressly states that his goods are of foreign manufacture, but he ingeniously conveys that idea by the manner in which he labels them. Moreover, .upon the bottles in which he vends his Eau de Quinine there are blown into the glass in raised letters the words "Paris" and "France." The word "Paris" is arranged on a convex line, and the word "France" below it on a concave line, and there is a wide space between the two, which is covered by a white label, pointing out the advantages of the preparation. This space covered by the label is so wide as to the presence of other words on the glass between "Paris" and "France," and the ingenuity of the device becomes apparent when it is remembered that the public is now quite generally advised that the customs laws require that packages containing articles of foreign manufacture shall be stamped or labeled so as to indicate the country of their origin. The words, "Made in England," "Made in Germany," etc., are calculated to induce a belief that any articles thus labeled are made in those respective countries; and the ingenious combination of the
824
73 FEDERAL REPORTER.
raised words with the white label. on defendant's bottles is well devised to delude the ordinary purchaser into thebelief that the words "made in" are also there, but covered by the white label. In view of. the light thrown upon defendant's intent by 1\is admission that he is endeavoring by artifice and device to mislead' the public into the belief that his domestic goods are made in France, it is not difficult to reach the conclusion that his goods have been dressed up with the further intent to palm them off as those of the complainant, viz. the preparations of the old and well-known house, "Ed. Pinaud" or "Parfumerie Ed. Pinaud." As to some of the points of resemblance there are conflicting statements of fact in the affidavits presented by both sides. In view of this conflict, and of the number of bottles of similar shapes presented as exhibits, all those questions may be left for final hearing. Those resemblances only as to whicb there is practically no dispute will be considered on this motion. Defendan,t's principal label contains the statement, "Preparee par M. Hecht, Dernierement avec Parfumerie Ed. Pinaud, Paris." Whether or not defendant's former relations with the house of Pinaud were such as to authorize him to describe himself as "formerly with" such house is an issue which may best be reserved for final hearing. Manifestly, however, defendant so uses the above-quoted words that by means of the spacing and the type employed. they are calculated to deceive the purchaser, especially if he be not familiar with the French language. The words, "Ed. Pinaud, Paris," are. in large type, and, although no larger than .that used for the words, "1\1. Hecht," they are placed last on the label, the place where the maker's. name is usually played. This is manifef3tly well calculated to delude the purchaser, and is a fraud on the public and on the complainant, and should be which complainant's Eau de Quinine has stopped. On the been sold there is also; a' basket of. flowers, blown into the glass. In the same place on defendant's bottle there is in like manner blown into the glass a vase 9f flowers. There can be no doubt that this has been done with the intent to simulate complainant's goods, and it is wholly unwarranted. So far as shown, no one, prior to complainant.qr:his predecessors, used tWs distinguishing mark upon tIes of " . of fraud upon TheJ;eiis nothing in tl).e defendant'!\ counter the public perpetrated by In view of the unbroken continuance of the business of the original house of Edouard Pinaud by the partnership and by compla:inant, there is no deception in the use of the words "Prepareepar Pinaud, Parfuij1eur, 37Bd. de Strasbourg,Paris." : Nor is tb,oephrase, "Preparee aux Jaunes d'Oeufs," on cpmplainant's Extrait Vegetal, a statement that it :'.'yolk of egg." ,.T,hereis 'a, Qqntlict of. evidence as to the complainant's,E;au de Quininec9ntains a sqbstantial quantity'of quinine,but upon the proof as. I'tands I am to the opinion that no dec.eption of the public to its composition has been slim· cientlyestablished to warranta're.f'llsal of his motion for au injunction. , . 'l' itl
ALBANY STEAM TRAP CO.
v.
WORTHINGTON.
825
Motion granted as to the use of labels such as defendant now uses on the face and neck of his bottle, or any labels so printed as to convey the impression that the goods to which they are affixed are those of the house of "Ed. Pinaud." Also as to the use of the bunch of flowers blown into the glass on bottles of Eau de Quinine.
ALBANY STEAM TRAP CO. v. WORTHINGTON et al. (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. April 27, 1896.)
PATENTS-LIMITATION AND INFRINGE)IENT-PUMP REGUI':A.TING VALVES.
The Blessing patent, 207,485, for an improvement in pump regulating valves, construed in connection with the disclaimer filed April 18, 1891, and held to be limited to the precise means described, for automatically regulating a pump for returning to a steam boiler the water of condensation, by means of a closed system,-that is, one not open to the atmosphere.
This was a suit in equity by the Albany Steam Trap Company against Charles C. Worthington and vVilliam A. Perry, for alleged infringement of a patent relating to pump regulating valves. Cowen, Dickerson, Nicoll & Brown, and Mr. Chapin, for complainant. Philipp, Munson & Phelps, for defendants. TOWNSEND, District Judge. The complainant herein alleges infringement of its patent No. 207,485, granted August 27, 1878, to James H. Blessing. The patent originally covered generally an "improvement in pump regulating valves." It consisted in means for automatically regulating the operation of a boiler feed pump. The specification stated that it was "particularly useful in feedwater pumps which return to steam boilers the wateI; of condensation from heating coils in buildings." The claims as to which infringement is alleged are the following: "(1) An apparatus, constructed SUbstantially as described, whereby the amount of water supplied to a pump regulates the operation of said pump. "(2) A pump regulating apparatus, constructed SUbstantially as described, and placed intermediate between the water and the pump, whereby the water passing to such regulating apparatus opens the steam valve of the pump, which valve is closed on the cessation of the water supply."
In steam-heating systems, when one or more of the coils were below the level of the water in the boiler, so that the water of condensation could not be returned by gravity, a small receiving tank and return trap were originally used, by means of which the water, forced from said tank into said trap, opened a valve in a pipe connected with the boiler, and admitted steam pressure into said trap, which forced the water back into the boiler. This method was impracticable when heating coils were at a considerable distance below the water level of the boiler, and where the steam for a heating <system was taken, by means of a reducing valve, from a boiler used for other purposes. One way of obviating these objections was to provide an open receiving tank, from which the water was pumped back into the boiler. The chief disadvantage