VANY fl. RECEIVER OF TOLEDO, ST. L· .t E. C. RY.
co.
379'
arie, supra, is a "return to the standard of the judiciary act" of 1789, concerning which Mr. Rawle says: "But, if a · · · citizen of another state has commenced the suit, he cannot afterwards remove it, for he is bound by his own selection; nor can the defendant reo move, for he is not to be apprehensive of the injustice of the courts «)f his own state." Rawle, Const. c. 25, p. 223. It is obvious, there· fore, that the act of 1887, so far at least as relates to the removal ,of suits on the ground of a separable controversy, intended to return to the rule of the act of 1866, which first gave the right, and limUed it to "the defendant who is a citizen of a state other than that in which the suit is brought." Evans, having wrongfully removed the case into the circuit court, must pay the costs in that court, as well as the costs of the appeal to this court. Hanrick v. Hanricl.:, ,supra. . The decree of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to that court to vacate all orders and decrees made therein, and remand the same to the state court from :whence it was removed SANBORN, Circuit Judge. I concur In the result in this case on "the ground first stated in the opinion.
VANY v. REOEIVER OF TOLEDO, ST. L. & K. C. RY. CO. POTTER v. SAME.
(Olrcuit Court, N. D. Ohio, W. D. April 9, 1895.) RIGHT TO JURY TRIAL-ACTION A.GAINST RECEIVERS-REMOVAL OF CA.USES.
Where a receiver appointed by a federal court Is sued In a state court as authorized by act of congress, and removes the suit into the federal court, plaintiff is entitled to a trial by jury, it he would have been 80 entitled In the state court.
Actions by Isaac Vany and Cynthia Potter, administratriX, against the receiver of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railway Company. The cases were removed into the federal court, and defend;ant moved that they be referred to a master. Hurd, Brumback & Thatcher, for plaintiffs. Brown & Geddes, for defendant. RICKS, District Judge. These are two cases removed from the <lourt of common pleas of Lucas county, Ohio, by the receiver. They are suits instituted under the act of congress which authorizes parties having complaints against the receiver, based upon acts done by him or his agents or servants as receiver, to bring suit against him in the courts of the state leave or permission first having been obtained from the court appointing such officer. Upon the of these cases into this court, the counsel for the l'eceiver filed a motion asking for a reference to a master as to the issues of fact, made upon the petitions and the answers of the receiver. The receiver, by his counsel, contends that the cases,having been brought into this court, should be conducted as a part of the
380
FEDERAL BBPOB'DB,
vol. 67.
equity proceedings of the main cause, and, as Is customary in issues of fact in such proceedings, that a reference should be made to a master in chancery to report upon the facts involved. Counsel for the plaintiffs contend that, the act of congress having given them the dght to sue the receiver in the state court, if such suit is removed into this court it ought to proceed as though it had been originally 'a law case instituted in this court, and according to the usages and practices of the state court into which they had elected to carry their controversy. It is well settled by many adjudications of the supreme court that it is within the discretion of the chancellor, when an issue of fact arises in an equity case, to submit that issue to a jury or to a master, as may seem most expeditious, convenient, and just for all concerned. Under these decisions, the practice has obtained, in this circuit at least, to refer all such issues of fact to a master, be· cause it is-First, more expeditious; second, more economical; and, third, more convenient and satisfactory to the court. When a party voluntadly intervenes in an equity proceeding, with such a practice well established, he is supposed to have intervened with knowledge of such practice, and thereby to have subordinated his claim to such mode of proceeding as is customary in such cases. But the act of congress having given a party the right to sue the receiver in a state court, where the right to a trial to jury is guarantied him unless: waived, if the receiver brings that controversy by removal into the federal court, I think the intent and purpose of the act of congress should be carried out, and that, if he demands it, he should have a . trial to a jury in the court to which his case has been removed with· out his consent It is not necessary to argue this matter further, as I believe that is pretty generally recognized as the practice in the difierent districts in this circuit The motion will therefore be overruled in both cases, and, at the proper time, the cases made by the petitioners and the receiver upon their pleadings will be submitted to a jury for trial.
BIOKCORDS et a!. v. CITY OF HAMMOND et aL
(Circuit Court, D. Indiana. May 6, 1895.) No. 9,202.
L
b'JUlIICTION-ABBESSMENT POR
Burns' Rev. St. Ind. 1894, I 4298, authorizing a landowner to appeal from an assessment for a publlc .improvement to the circuit court, but providing that no questions of fact shall be tried on such appeal which may arlse prior to the making of a contract for such improvement under the order of the council, furnishes an adequate remedy at law, by appeal, for errors and 1qegularltles occurring subsequent to the adoption of the ordinance and the making of the contract under which the im· provement was constructed, and therefore injunction Will not lie to restrain the collection of the assessment on the ground of such Irregularities.
REMEDY BY APPEAL.