LEWIS V. PENNSYLVANIA STEEL CO.
877
fore the circuit court of the district of Connecticut, (Wallace, ,T.,) in Adee v. Peck, 42 Fed. Rep. 497. The improvement of Foley, as stated by Judge Wallace, COllsistt'd in bringing the standpipe of' the overflow up through I he casing of the bowl or bath, and securely attaching it by a removable cap to the upper side of the casing. The claim wm; for the standpipe passing through the casing, and receiving; at its upper end the removable cap, in combination with the over;iow pipe, valve, and means of suspending the overflow pipe and vnlYe from the cap, substantially as set forth. The means of attaching the standpipe to the upper side of the slab described in the original patent was the flange of the removable cap extending ontwardly around the standpipe upon the slab. In the reissue this function of the removable cap is omitted from the description, and the removable cap is left to be a cover, only, of the The drawings remain the same, but the retention there of the partR omitted from the description does not help the effect of omission. James v. Campbell, 104 U. S. 356. The remontb:e cap described in the reissue is not one securing the standpipe to the upper side of the slab. In Carr's device the standpipe is so brought up, but is secured by a flange. It is combined with an overflow pipe, valve, and means of suspending the overflow valve and pipe, but not from a cap. It has no cap as a cover of the standpipe. These means of suspem;ion are bayonet fastenings, turning, when raised, betwe the overflow pipe and the standn pipe. '1'his is not the combination of the reissued patent. Carr altered Foley's invention and improved upon it, but did not appropriate it as patented in the reissue. Decree affirmed.
LEWIS v. PENNSYLVANIA B'rEEL CO. (Circuit Court, IiJ. D. Pennsylvania. May 20, 1803.) No. 33. PATENTS FOR INYENTTONS-I"'FRTKGK\IENT-ROT,LTNG J\'[n,T,s.
In letters patent No. 247,6115, Issued 27, 1881, to Chtistopher Lewis for llll improvement in continuous rolling mills, the fourth claim, which covers a combination of "laterally adjustable" carriages having a tilti:lg arrang'ement for the purpose of tuming over the rail or girller bef'H'e it is pas!'ed back throngh the adjoining Sl't of rolls, is stricHy lin!ited to a combination of whieh a latel'lllly earriagc is one of the elements, and tlwre is no infringement in the use of a combinatiou in which tilP (aniage is vertically adjustable, and adapted for use tn "three hig-h" rolls.
In Equity. Suit by Christopher Lewis against the Pennsylvania Steel Company for infringement of a patent. Bill dismissed. Rudolph lL Sehick, Frank R. Savidge, Henry K Paul, and S. S. Hollingsworth, for complainant. Philip T. Dodge, for respondent.
8.78
FF.:DERALREPORTER,
vol. 55.
DALLAS, Circuit Judge. This case has been argued and considered upon the pleadings and proofs. It was originally brought for alleged infringement of two letters patent, Nos. 247,665 and 247,931, but, as now presented, it involves only the fourth claim of the patent No. 247,665, granted to the complainant upon September 27, 1881, for an improved continuous rolling mill. The only question to be considered is whether certain mechanism, admittedly used by the defendants, is within the scope of this claim; but, before dealing with that question, a brief explanation of the general subject to which the patent relates must be made. Steel rails are formed by passing a red-hot billet or bloom of metal through a series of passes or apertures between large rollers, by which the billet is gradually reduced to the required size and shape. Where two rolls, one above the other, are arranged in pairs, and revolve always in the same direction, it becomes necessary to return the bloom, after it has gone through each pass, to the side of the rolls from which it started. This is the mode of operation where what is called the "two-high roll" system is practiced without modification; but in the specification of the patent in suit a class of rolling mills is referred to "in which several pairs of rolls have their alternate pairs arranged to be run in reverse direction to those next adjacent," and this is the class which the inventor proposed to improve. Where three rolls, one above the other, form a set, the passes between the lower and middle roll are all in one direction, and those between the middle and upper roll are all in the opposite direction, and thus the necessity for either returning the bloom after it has gone through each pass, or of transferring it from one pair of rolls to another, is avoided; but it is necessary to alternately raise and lower it, so that it may be successively subjected to the action of the several passes. This is the "three-high roll" system. Both of these systems were in use when this patent was applied for, and the purpose of the applicant wast9 provide an organism which might be more rapidly worked, and with less labor, than any of the existing mills. His general scheme, as disclosed by his specification and claims, was radical and fundamental. It was not confined to a single alteration or addition for effecting one P!lrticular object, but comprehended a "new and improved continuous rolling mill." He was familiar with the three-high roll manner of arrangement, but seems to have directed his attention solely to two-high mills of the modified ki;nd already mentioned. In his specification he said: "My invention is an improvement in that class of rolling mills in which several pairs of rolls have their alternate pairs arranged to be run in reverseq.irectiop, to, those next adjacent, and in which a laterally adjustable cnrriage takeS r:ail anrI transfers it from one. pair of rolls to the next, So that it iilpassed pail' of rollS in one direction alld is returned through the next pair of rolls in the reverse direction."
The claims are all in accord with this statement. Each of the first three is for a combinationofa series of pairs of rolls with
LEWJ:S: ,V. PEN N8YLVANIA 8'rEEL flO.
&79
(among other "things) "laterally adjustable carriages;" and the fourth, being the claim iIi question, is as follows: "(4) 't'he combination, "\\ith a set of stationary . abntments. L, of th\! laterally adjustable carriages having tilting support, K, arranged transversely to the same, and provided on their under sides ,'''ith a bulge or projection, lHl11piod to be struck by the said abutments wlwn the carriage is shifted for the purpose of turning over the rail or girder, as set forth."
The specification describes the subject-matter of this claim in these words: "L is a stationary abutment or cam, bolted down fixedly beneath the ear7 riage in position to b(' strnck by the bulge on the lower side of K as the carriage is shifted, so that when the carriage is shifted laterally the piece. K, is turned over by contact with L, and the rail or other object is also turned over."
The mill of the defendants is of the three-high roll construction. Consequently they do not, and could not, use laterally adjustable carriages, and in connection with the vertically moving carriage which they do use it would not be possible to conform to the mode of action which is especially indicated and described in the claim and specification. Their carriage cannot be "shifted laterally," so as to operate a "tilting support," and therefore a "bulge or projection," adapted to be struck when the carriage is so shifted, would 1}e worse than useless, and is not present, upon the tilting piece of the defendants, which in fact is operated, not by being "strUCk," but by means of a link connection between the tilting piece and a standard near the side of their table or carriage. There are other differences between the complainant's turn-over and that of the defendants, but they do not result from the different construction and operation of their respective carriages, and I do not deem it necessary to discuss them. It is not possible so to interpret the words "the laterally adjustable carriages" as to make them inclusive of a carriage which is only vertically adjustable; or to hold, without disregarding the necessarily exclusive significance of those words, that the claim in which they occur covers a vertically moving carriage as the equivalent of one whose motion is lateral. The language of the patent is too plain to require construction, and too restrictive for expansion under the doctrine of equivalents. The claim is so expressly limited as to make laterally adjustable carriages a primarily essential element of the combination claimed, and it is a consequence of this limitation that, where, such a carriage is not employed, the patented invention is not practiced. It may be conceded that what the patentee clai,med he is entitled to; but with respect to the carriage, at least, he confined himself to a distinctly defined device, and, therehis monopoly does not extend to a combination in which that specific device is not present, even though it be assumed that he might have claimed it. A decree will be made dismissing the bill, with costs.
REPOBTER,vol. 55. SEAGER T.
NlllW YORK &. O. MAIL STEAMSIDP CO.
(C1rcu1t Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. May 23, 1893.) 1 DEMURRAGE-DELIVERY OF CARGO-CUSTOMABY DISPATCH-WHARF FACILITIES.
A charterer who Is bound to furnish facllitles for discharging "with customary dispatch" Is not liable for demurrage when the delay is caused by want of space on the dock, caused solely by the ship's attempting, without orders from the charterer, to keep separate the bales belonging to different consignees. 55 Fed. Rep. 324, affirmed. EXPENSE OF PILING USAGE OF PORT-
I.
SHIPPING - DISCHARGING CABGO CHAR'fER PARTY.
The custom of the port of New York, requiring a vessel discharging hemp to pile the bales on the dock for one-half its width and the length of the vessel, is not inconsistent with a clause of a charter party providing that "cargo shall be received and delivered alongside of the vessel · · · within reach of her tackles," and the charterer is not liable to the vessel for the expense of such piling. 55 Fed. Rep. 324, affirmed.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. In Admiralty. Libel by John C. Seager against the New York & Cuba Mail Steamship Company for demurrage and for extra compensation for handling freight. The court below dismissed the bill. See 55 Fed. Rep. 324, for the opinion of Judge Brown, in which the facts are fully stated. Libelant appeals. Affirmed. J. P. :KIrlin and E. B. Convers, forjappellant. Geo. H. Balkam, for appellee. Before WALLACE and LACOMBE, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: 1. Without expressing an opinion as to the precise meaning to be given to the clause in this charter party providing that the vessel "discharge with customary dispatch," we concur with the district judge in his conclusions that whatever delay there was for which demurrage is claiil}.ed "arose solely from the ship's attempt to keep separate not merely the bales belonging to the different consignees, but the different lots of the sanie consignee, according to the different marks;" that.no such instructions were given by the charterers, and that for delay consequent upon such attempt they are Ilot chargeable. .2. As to th<;, claim for expense of piling, we do not think the custom, of the port which was abundantly proved, requiring the vessel to pile theb.eD'\.p On the dock for one·half its width and the length of the vessel; inconsistent with the printed clause of the charter party providing' that "cargo shall be received and delivered alongside of the vessel ·.· · within reach of her tackles." tl'he decreeot. the.di.strict court is therefore with costs.
is